Ghost imaging through scattering medium by utilizing scattered light: publisher's note.

This publisher's note contains a correction to [Opt. Express30(7), 11243 (2022).10.1364/OE.453403]. The article was corrected online on 8 June 2022.

Ghost imaging through scattering medium by utilizing scattered light.

One superior characteristic of ghost imaging (GI) compared to conventional imaging is that GI is immune to the scattering medium in the object-to-detector path. However, the imaging quality decreases when a scattering medium exists between the beam splitter and the object. Based on the fact that the light interfered with by the scattering medium also contains information about the object after it is illuminated, in this paper, we demonstrate utilizing scattered light for image reconstruction by placing a scattering medium with certain characteristics in the reference path. Experimental results show that the contrast-to-noise ratio and visibility are obviously improved.

[Surgical treatment of thoracolumbar fractures using reduction and short-segment pedicle screw at the fracture level with the approach through para-vertebral muscles].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and clinical outcome of reduction and pedicle screws fixation at the fracture level with the approach through para-vertebral muscles in treating thoraeolumbar fractures. METHODS: From January 2007 to March 2010,27 patients with thoracolumbar fractures were treated with posterior open reduction and internal fixation with the approach through para-vertebral muscles. There were 19 males and 8 females with the mean age of 36.3 years old (ranged,21 to 57). According to Magerl type, type A2 was in 5 cases, A3 in 14, B1 in 3, B2 in 5. According to Frankel classification of spinal cord injury: grade D was in 6 cases and grade E in 21 cases. X-rays and CT scans were performed after operation. Cobb angle of the injured vertebral segment,the percentage of vertebral compression,and sagittal diameter stenosis rate of the injured spinal canal were observed by radiographic data. Neurological function was evaluated by the Frankel grade. RESULTS: All patients were followed up from 12 to 28 months with an average of 19.6 months. The percentage of vertebral compression, Cobb angle of the injured vertebral segment, spinal canal sagittal diameter stenosis rate were respectively corrected from (46.6 +/- 10.5)%, (18.3 +/- 7.2) degrees, (30.2 +/- 7.2)% to postoperative (5.2 +/- 3.7)%, (5.3 +/- 5.1) degrees, (6.3 +/- 4.2)% and (6.7 +/- 4.6)%, (7.1 +/- 3.1), (7.2 +/- 4.5)% at last follow-up. There were significant difference in above items between preoperation and postoperation (P < 0.05); and there was no significant difference in above items between postoperation and last follow-up (P > 0.05). In aspect of nerve function, 3 cases with Frankel grade D recovered to grade E. CONCLUSION: Using reduction and short-segment pedicle screws fixation at the fracture level through para-vertebral muscles approach is an effective method in treating thoracolumbar fractures. The method has advantages of simple operation,easy establishing screw, short operative time, less blood loss, which can obtain good reduction and stable, reliable fixation after operation.

Epidemiologic survey on hospitalized neonates in China.

OBJECTIVE: To carry out a nationwide epidemiologic survey on the neonates in urban hospitals with an attempt to understand the disease spectrum and treatment outcomes of hospitalized neonates in China. METHODS: The clinical data of 43,289 hospitalized neonates from 86 hospitals in 47 Chinese cities (22 provinces) between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2005 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The male:female ratio was 1.73:1. Premature infants accounted for 26.2% of the hospitalized neonates, which was higher than that reported in 2002 (19.7%). The top three diseases during the neonatal period were jaundice, pneumonia, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. The incidences of pneumonia, meconium aspiration syndrome, and bilirubin encephalopathy in term infants were higher than those in premature infants, while the incidences of asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, and pulmonary hemorrhage in term infants were lower than those in premature infants. The incidences of asphyxia, small for gestational age infant, and wet lung were higher in neonates whose mother had pregnancy induced hypertension. The outcomes of these hospitalized neonates included: recovered, 63.9%; improved, 27.3%; discharged due to the family's own decisions, 7.6%, and died, 1.2%. Nearly half (46.4%) of the neonatal death occurred within 24 hrs after admission. CONCLUSION: The incidence of premature birth shows an increasing trend among hospitalized neonates. Since the neonatal deaths mainly occur within 24 hrs after admission, monitoring during this period should be enhanced.

Treatment of Kawasaki disease by different doses of immunoglobulin: a meta analysis of efficacy and safety.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of different doses of immunoglobulin in the treatment of Kawasaki disease (KD). METHODS: The papers related to the treatment of KD were electronically searched in the databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) on the treatment of KD with different doses of immunoglobulin were included and assessed for quality. A Mata analysis was performed by RevMan 5.0. RESULTS: Twenty-eight RCTs involving 2,596 cases were included. The results of Meta analysis showed that there were no significant differences in the incidences of coronary artery injuries at various phases, adverse reactions, and fever disappearance time between the immunoglobulin treatment groups at the doses of 1 g/(kg•d) for 1-2 days or 2 g/(kg•d) for single use. The fever disappearance time in the immunoglobulin treatment group at the dose of 1 g/(kg•d) for 1-2 days was significantly shorter than that in the immunoglobulin treatment group at the dose of 400 mg/(kg•d) for 4-5 days, but there were no significant differences in the incidences of coronary artery injuries at the acute phase and 6 months after treatment and in the adverse effects between the two groups. The incidence of coronary artery injuries at the acute phase and 6 months after treatment was significantly lower and the fever disappearance time was significantly shorter in the immunoglobulin treatment group at the dose of 2 g/(kg•d) for single use than those in the immunoglobulin treatment group at the dose of 400 mg/(kg•d) for 4-5 days, but there were no significant differences in the incidences of coronary artery injuries at the subacute phase and 12 months after treatment and adverse effects between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: There are similar efficacy for KD between the immunoglobulin treatment groups at the doses of 1 g/(kg•d) for 1-2 days and 2 g/(kg•d) for single use. The fever disappearance time in the two groups is shorter than that in the treatment group at the dose of 400 mg/(kg•d) for 4-5 days.

[Pedicle screw at the fracture level and vertebroplasty via paraspinal approach for the treatment of old thoracolumbar fractures].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and safety of the treatment for thoracolumbar fractures with pedicle screw at the fracture level and vertebroplasty via paraspinal approach. METHODS: From August 2007 to August 2010, 22 old patients with thoracolumbar fractures were treated with pedicle screw at the fracture level and vertebroplasty via paraspinal approach. There were 14 males and 8 females, ranging in age from 60 to 71 years (mean, 64.6 years). The time from injury to surgery varied from 1 to 4 d (mean,2.7 d). All the patients suffered from single thoracolumbar fractures and located at T11 in 2 cases, at T12 in 5 cases, at L1 in 11 cases and at L2 in 4 cases. According to the Denis fracture classification, there were 6 compression fractures and 16 burst fractures. The mean preoperative load-sharing classification of spine fractures was 5.4 score. The mean preoperative thoracolumbar injury classification and scoring was 5.2. Based on the ASIA neurologic grading system, preoperative neurological function was grade B in 2 cases,grade C in 3 cases, grade D in 7 cases and grade E in 10 cases. The neurological function, vertebral central and anterior height, kyphotic angle of the vertebral fractures by radiographs and visual analog scale were calculated pre-operatively, post-operatively and at the last follow-up. RESULTS: Median operating time was 60.8 min (ranged from 50 to 95 min) and median blood loss was 84 ml (ranged from 50 to 130 ml). The operative incisions were healed well. The duration of follow-up averaged 21.6 months (ranged from 12 to 48 months). The anterior vertebral body height was corrected from preoperative (52.3 +/- 10.3) % to postoperative (6.1 +/- 4.2) % and (6.8 +/- 5.4) % at the last follow-up. The central vertebral body height was corrected from preoperative (38.9 +/- 11.2) % to postoperative (8.3 +/- 4.7) % and (9.4 +/- 4.5)% at the last follow-up. The Cobbs angle of the injured vertebral segment was corrected from preoperative (19.5 +/- 9.5) degrees to postoperative (4.3 +/- 4.1) degrees and (6.2 +/- 4.7) degrees at the last follow-up. The VAS scores reduced from preoperative 8.56 +/- 0.88 to post-operative 3.48 +/- 0.91 and 3.20 +/- 0.92 at the last follow-up. The postoperative neurologic function of all 22 patients improved 1 to 2 degrees except 10 patients of grade E. There were no instances of instrumentation failure and no patient had persistent postoperative back pain. CONCLUSION: The pedicle screw at the fracture level and vertebroplasty via paraspinal approach has the advantages of less invasive and blood loss, and could prevent the development of kyphosis and offers improvement of the spinal cord function. Furthermore, it could decrease the risks of postoperative back pain and the failure of instrumentation.

[Treatment of Kawasaki disease by different doses of immunoglobulin: a Mata analysis of therapeutic effects].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the therapeutic effects and safety of different doses of immunoglobulin in the treatment of Kawasaki disease. METHODS: The papers related to the treatment of Kawasaki disease were electronically searched in the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) on the treatment of Kawasaki disease with different doses of immunoglobulin were included and assessed for quality. A Mata analysis was performed by RevMan 5.0. RESULTS: Twenty-eight RCTs involved 2596 cases were included. The results of Meta analysis showed that there were no significant differences in the incidences of coronary artery injuries at various phases, adverse effects and fever disappearance time between the immunoglobulin treatment groups at the doses of 1 g/(kg•d) for 1-2 days and 2 g/(kg•d) for single use. The fever disappearance time in the immunoglobulin treatment group at the dose of 1 g/(kg•d) for 1-2 days was significantly shorter than that in the immunoglobulin treatment group at the dose of 400 mg/(kg•d) for 4-5 days, but there were no significant differences in the incidences of coronary artery injuries at the acute phase and 6 months after treatment and adverse effects between the two groups. The incidence of coronary artery injuries at the acute phase and 6 months was lower and the fever disappearance time was shorter in the immunoglobulin treatment group at the dose of 2 g/(kg•d) for single use than those in the immunoglobulin treatment group at the dose of 400 mg/(kg•d) for 4-5 days, but there were no significant differences in the incidences of coronary artery injuries at the subacute phase and 12 months after treatment and adverse effects between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: There are similar therapeutic effects for Kawasaki disease between the immunoglobulin treatment groups at the doses of 1 g/(kg•d) for 1-2 days and 2 g/(kg•d) for single use. The fever disappearance time in the two groups is shorter than that in the treatment group at the dose of 400 mg /(kg•d) for 4-5 days.

[Plasma levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB in neonates with asphyxia complicated by myocardial injury].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes and the clinical significance of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB (GPBB) levels in neonates with asphyxia complicated by myocardial injury. METHODS: Sixty-four neonates with asphyxia (39 mild, 25 severe) were enrolled. Of the 64 neonates, 30 had myocardial injury and 34 did not develop myocardial injury. Twenty-five healthy neonates served as a control group. Plasma levels of NT-proBNP and GPBB were measured using ELISA. Myocardial enzymes and cardiac troponin I were stimultaneously measured, and electrocardiography and chest radiographs were obtained. RESULTS: The plasma levels of NT-proBNP and GPBB in neonates with myocardial injury were significantly higher than those in neonates without myocardial injury and in the control group (P<0.01). The neonates with severe asphyxia had significantly increased plasma NT-proBNP and GPBB concentrations compared to those with mild asphyxia and the control group (P<0.01). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that plasma NT-proBNP level was positively correlated with plasma GPBB level in neonates with asphyxia. Plasma levels of NT-proBNP and GPBB were also positively correlated with plasma levels of CK-MB, CK and LDH (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Both NT-proBNP and GPBB can be used as biomarkers of myocardial injury in neonates with asphyxia. The measurement of plasma NT-proBNP and GPBB levels was useful in early identification of myocardial injury and severity evaluation in neonates with asphyxia.

[Mechanism of combined treatment with Shenkangling Decoction and prednisone in rats with adriamycin-induced nephropathy].

OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism of Shenkangling (SKL), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, combined with prednisone in treating adriamycin-induced nephropathy in rats. METHODS: Sixty-six SD male rats were randomly divided into normal control group, untreated group, prednisone group, SKL group and SKL plus prednisone group. Except the normal control group, rats were injected once via caudal vein with adriamycin (5.5 mg/kg) to induce nephropathy. Then, the rats were administered with prednisone, SKL, prednisone plus SKL or distilled water for 3 weeks, respectively. After harvest, 24-hour urine protein excretion, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and nitric oxide (NO) contents in serum, and content of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) p65 in mononuclear cells were determined, and correlation analysis among these parameters was performed. The content of NF-kappaB p65 was assayed with the patented method of Active Motif; TNF-alpha was assayed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the content of NO was assessed by the method of nitrate reductase. The change of foot process in renal glomerulus was observed under an electron microscope. RESULTS: When the rats were administered with prednisone, SKL correspondingly, the contents of NF-kappaB p65, TNF-alpha and NO as well as 24-hour urine protein excretion were lower than those in the untreated group (P<0.01), and the fusion of foot process only recovered partially. Compared with other treated groups, the contents of NF-kappaB p65 and NO as well as 24-hour urine protein excretion were significantly decreased in SKL plus prednisone group (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the fusion of foot process recovered mostly also. There was no interaction between SKL and prednisone in decreasing the content of TNF-alpha. CONCLUSION: Renal injury can be postponed and improved when treated with SKL plus prednisone; it may contribute to the depression of abnormal activation of NF-kappaB, and the inhibition of production of TNF-alpha and NO.

[Improved EPSTR for prevention of dislocation after total hip arthroplasty].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of improved EPSTR on prevention of dislocation after total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: From January 2006 to May 2007, the posterior structures were repaired using improved EPSTR in 85 cases (87 hips) of total hip arthroplasty, which involved 39 males and 46 females, with an average age of 69.5 years (range, from 62 to 85 years). Fifty-eight cases were of fresh femoral neck fracture, 25 cases were of aseptic necrosis of femoral head, 3 cases were of osteoarthritis, 1 case was of a internal fixation failure of femoral intertrochanteric fracture. RESULTS: All 85 cases were followed up for 8-24 months (average 15 months). None of these 85 patients had posterior dislocation, external rotation contracture and greater trochanter fracture. The Harris score at the 6th month postoperatively was 89.2 +/- 4.5. CONCLUSION: Improved EPSTR is an effective, simple and timesaving method in prevention of dislocation after total hip arthroplasty, it has clinical application value.

[Changes of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in neonates with myocardial ischemic injury].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) complicated by myocardial ischemic injury. METHODS: Thirty-five neonates with HIE (17 cases with concurrent myocardial injury and 18 cases without) were enrolled. Twenty healthy neonates were used as the control group. Plasma NT-proBNP levels were measured using enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: The mean plasma NT-proBNP levels in patients with myocardial injury (338.8 + or - 76.2 fmol/mL) were significantly higher than those in patients with non-myocardial injury (137.5 + or - 45.1 fmol/mL) and in the control group (113.7 + or - 53.6 fmol/mL) (p<0.01). The NT-proBNP levels in mild, moderate and severe HIE neonates were 141.3 + or - 41.6, 271.8 + or - 118.1 and 347.2 + or - 85.1 fmol/mL, respectively. Compared with the control group, the NT-proBNP levels in the moderate and the severe HIE groups significantly increased (p<0.01). There were significant differences in the NT-proBNP level among the mild, moderate and severe HIE groups (p<0.05). In patients with myocardial injury, the NT-proBNP levels significantly decreased in the convalescent phase compared with those in the acute phase (225.0 + or - 80.0 fmol/mL vs 338.8 + or - 76.2 fmol/mL (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma NT-proBNP levels increase in neonates with HIE complicated by myocardial ischemic injury in the acute phase. Detection of NT-proBNP levels may be useful in the diagnosis of myocardial ischemic injury and the severity evaluation of HIE.

[Correlation of erythrocyte immune function between normal neonates and their mothers].

OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation of erythrocyte immune function between normal neonates and their mothers and the influence of various obstetric factors on neonatal erythrocyte immune function. METHODS: The adherent rate of complement 3b-receptor on the surface of red blood cells (RBC-C3bRR) and the immune complex adherent rate of red blood cells (RBC-ICR) were detected using the erythrocyte saccharomyces rosette test in 104 normal neonates and their mothers. The correlation of erythrocyte immune function between neonates and their mothers was evaluated by the maternal-infant paired test. RESULTS: The levels of RBC-C3bRR (16.80 +/- 1.56% vs 16.23 +/- 1.63%; P < 0.05) and RBC-ICR (5.72 +/- 1.63% vs 5.02 +/- 1.38%; P < 0.01) in neonates were significantly higher than those in their mothers. There was a significantly positive correlation in RBC-ICR levels between neonates and their mothers (r = 0.28, P < 0.05). No correlation was found in RBC-C3bRR levels between the two groups. Neither RBC-C3bRR nor RBC-ICR levels of neonates were associated with various obstetric factors such as amniotic fluid, placenta, umbilical cord, parturient patterns, and puerperal anemia and pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: The erythrocyte immune function in neonates has a relatively mature level and correlates with their mothers' erythrocyte immune function. Various obstetric factors have no influences on neonatal erythrocyte immune function.