Miscanthus sp. root exudate alters rhizosphere microbial community to drive soil aggregation for heavy metal immobilization.

The heavy metals (HMs) spatial distribution in soil is intricately shaped by aggregation processes involving chemical reactions and biological activities, which modulate HMs toxicity, migration, and accumulation. Pioneer plants play a central role in preventing HMs at source, yet the precise mechanisms underlying their involvement in soil aggregation remain unclear. This study investigates HMs distribution within rhizosphere and bulk soil aggregates of Miscanthus sp. grown in tailings to elucidate the impact of root exudates (REs) and rhizosphere microbes. The results indicate that Miscanthus sp. enhance soil stability, increasing the proportion of macroaggregates by 4.06 %-9.78 %. HMs tend to concentrate in coarse-aggregates, particularly within rhizosphere environments, while diminishing in fine-aggregates. Under HMs stress, lipids and lipid-like molecules are the most abundant REs produced by Miscanthus sp., accounting for under up to 26.74 %. These REs form complex with HMs, promoting microaggregates formation. Charged components such as sugars and amino acids further contribute to soil aggregation. REs also regulates rhizosphere bacteria and fungi, with Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi were the dominant bacterial phyla, while Ascomycota and Basidiomycota dominate the fungal community. The synergistic effect of REs and microorganisms impact soil organic matter and nutrient content, facilitating HMs nanoparticle heteroaggregation and macroaggregates formation. Consequently, soil structure and REs shape the distribution of HMs in soil aggregation. Pioneer plants mediate REs interaction with rhizosphere microbes, promoting the distribution of HMs into macroaggregates, leading to immobilization. This study sheds light on the role of pioneer plants in regulating soil HMs, offering valuable insights for soil remediation strategies.

Environmental remediation potential of a pioneer plant (Miscanthus sp.) from abandoned mine into biochar: Heavy metal stabilization and environmental application.

Pyrolysis stands out as an effective method for the disposal of phytoremediation residues in abandoned mines, yielding a valuable by-product, biochar. However, the environmental application of biochar derived from such residues is limited by the potential environmental risks of heavy metals. Herein, Miscanthus sp. residues from abandoned mines were pyrolyzed into biochars at varied pyrolysis temperatures (300-700 °C) to facilitate the safe reuse of phytoremediation residues. The results showed that pyrolysis significantly stabilizes heavy metals in biomass, with Cd exhibiting the most notable stabilization effect. Acid-soluble/exchangeable and reducible fractions of Cd decreased significantly from 69.91 % to 2.52 %, and oxidizable and residue fractions increased approximately 3.24 times at 700 °C. The environmental risk assessment indicated that biochar pyrolyzed over 500 °C pose lower environmental risk (RI < 30), making them optimal for the safe utilization of phytoremediation residues. Additionally, adsorption experiments suggested that biochars prepared at higher temperature (500-700 °C) exhibit superior adsorption capacity, attributed to alkalinity and precipitation effect. This study highlights that biochars produced by pyrolyzing Miscanthus sp. from abandoned mines above 500 °C hold promise for environmental remediation, offering novel insight into the reutilization of metal-rich biomass.

Heavy metal migration dynamics and solid-liquid distribution strategy in abandoned tailing soils.

The tailings soil originating from an abandoned sulfur-iron mine in Sichuan Province, China, exhibits elevated concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) and possesses limited soil conservation capacity. Variability soil particle size fractions (PSFs) contributes to an increased risk of HMs ion migration. Existing research on HMs behavior has focused on the bulk soil scale, resulting in a dearth of comprehensive information concerning different particle sizes and colloid scales. We collected soil samples from upstream source (XWA), migration path (XWB), and downstream farmland (XWC) of an abandoned tailing and categorized into sand, silt, clay, colloid and dissolved, respectively. The investigation primarily aimed to elucidate the solid-liquid distribution trade-off strategies of soil HMs along migration pathway. Results show that PSFs composition predominantly influences HMs solid-liquid distribution. In the mining area, large particles serve as the principal component for HMs enrichment. However, along the migration pathway, the proportion of highly mobile fine particles increases, shifting HMs from solid to liquid phase. Furthermore, inorganic elements such as Mg, Al, and Fe influence on HMs distribution within PSFs through various reactions, whereas organic matter and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) also exert regulatory roles. Increasing the proportion of large particles can reduce the risk of HMs migration.

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Retraction: Al-Salahi, R.A. et al. Cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of ethylsulfanyltriazoloquinazolines. Molecules 2013, 18, 1434-1446.

We have been made aware of the fact that a large proportion of the Introduction section and corresponding references of the title paper [1] had been copied verbatim from an earlier paper by Hamdy and Gamal-Eldeen [2], and further, during our investigation it has also come to light that most of the text in question had been lifted unchanged from an even earlier review paper by a different group [3]. The authors have been contacted, these facts confirmed, and Dr. Amira M. Gamal-Eldeen has been identified as the person responsible for contributing that part of the paper. As a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), MPDI takes very seriously the responsibility to enforce a rigorous peer-review process together with strict ethical policies and standards to ensure the addition of high quality scientific works to the field of scholarly publication. In addition to an infringement of the Elsevier and American Association for Cancer Research copyright on the previous publications, this is also a clear violation of our policy to only publish new, previously unpublished material, so this paper is declared retracted and shall be marked accordingly for the scientific record. We cannot comment on any of the scientific data contained in the Molecules paper, which to the best of our knowledge is original. We would like to apologize to our readership on behalf of the Molecules editorial team for the fact this event went undetected during the peer-review and pre-publication processing of the paper and for any inconvenience caused by this event.

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Publisher's Note: Withdraw and Republication of "UV-Induced Radical Photo-Polymerization: A Smart Tool for Preparing Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Energy Storage Devices".

It has been brought to the corresponding author's attention by the administration office that some of the authors present in this paper [1] are contradicting with the rules and regulation of some of the confidential industrial projects which have been signed with strict regulations. Now it has aroused as a big trouble and, consequently, to solve this problem all the authors have determined that it should be retracted. This decision has been taken purely for bureaucratic aspect. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.

Retraction: Heidari, A.; Vedad, S.; Heidari, N.; Ghorbani, M. Flux Dynamics in Y358 Superconductors. Materials 2012, 5, 882-888.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.3390/ma5050882.].

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