Observation of the application effect of low-volume polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution (PEG-ELS) combined with ascorbic acid tablets in bowel preparation for colonoscopy in hospitalized patients.

Background: This study explored the effectiveness and safety of low-volume polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution (PEG-ELS) combined with ascorbic acid tablets (PEG-ELS/Asc) in bowel preparation for a colonoscopy. Methods: A total of 240 hospitalized patients who underwent a colonoscopy in Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou Third Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University from July 2020 to June 2022 were randomly divided into two groups, with 120 patients each. All of the participants were given a low-residue or residue-free diet one day before the examination and fasted after dinner (completed before 18:00) the day before the examination. The 2-L PEG-ELS/Asc group took 2-L PEG-ELS plus 10 g ascorbic acid tablets once orally, while the 3-L PEG-ELS group took 3-L PEG orally on several occasions. The primary endpoint was the achievement of preparation adequacy and an overall colon cleansing score of ≥6, both assessed by blinded investigators using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS). The bowel cleansing effect, polyp detection rate, adverse reaction rate, oral drug tolerance rate, renal function, and electrolyte level changes were also compared between the two patient groups. Results: There were no significant differences in the success rate of bowel preparation, the detection rate of polyps, or the adverse reaction rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). The tolerance rate of bowel preparation in the 2-L PEG-ELS/Asc group was significantly higher than that in the 3-L PEG-ELS group (93.3% vs. 80.23%) (P < 0.05). The levels of creatinine, serum potassium, serum sodium, and serum chlorine of the two groups before and after bowel preparation were within the normal range. In addition, the intestinal cleaning effect of the two preparation schemes for the hospitalized patients with diabetes and constipation is worse than that of those without these conditions (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The effectiveness and safety of using 2-L PEG-ELS/Asc in bowel preparation for a colonoscopy in hospitalized patients were not inferior to using 3-L PEG-ELS. For patients with diabetes and constipation, the cleansing effect of the two bowel preparation options was not very satisfactory, and further clinical research is needed in this regard.

Application of topical pharyngeal anesthesia to reduce adverse reactions during painless gastroscopy: A prospective randomized study.

BACKGROUND: Studies have reported that certain adverse reactions can occur during painless gastroscopy examination. Knowing how to decrease the risks and incidence of adverse reactions is of great importance. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether topical pharyngeal anesthesia combined with intravenous anesthesia is superior to intravenous anesthesia alone in patients undergoing painless gastroscopy and to determine whether this combined approach had any additional benefits. METHODS: Three hundred patients undergoing painless gastroscopy were randomly assigned to either the control group or the experimental group. In the control group, patients were anesthetized with propofol, while patients in the experimental group received propofol combined with 2% lidocaine spray for topical pharyngeal anesthesia. Hemodynamic parameters before and after the procedure, including the heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse oxygen saturation (SPO2) were recorded. Any adverse reactions experienced by the patient, including choking and respiratory depression, and the total dosage of propofol required during each procedure were also documented. RESULTS: Compared with pre-anesthetic data, the HR, MAP, and SPO2 were reduced after the completion of the painless gastroscopy procedure in both groups. However, the HR, MAP, and SPO2 measurements taken after the gastroscopy were significantly lower in the control group than those of the experimental group (P< 0.05); thus, the hemodynamic parameters of the experimental group were more stable. Compared with the control group, there was significant reduction in the total amount of propofol administered in the experimental group (P< 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions, including choking and respiratory depression, was significantly lower in the experimental group (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that the application of topical pharyngeal anesthesia in painless gastroscopy can significantly reduce the incidence of adverse reactions. Thus, the combination of topical pharyngeal and intravenous anesthesia is worthy of clinical application and promotion.

The effects of novel chitosan-targeted gemcitabine nanomedicine mediating cisplatin on epithelial mesenchymal transition, invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the effects involved with the novel chitosan gemcitabine (Gem) nanoparticles mediating cisplatin (DDP) on epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer (PC) cells. METHODS: A total of 62 healthy purebred BALB/C of specific-pathogen free (SPF) female nude mice were recruited and a SW1990 cell line was subsequently cultured. A heterotopic xenograft tumor model was constructed. After determining the optimal drug concentration, the nude mice were assigned into the control, glycol chitosan (GC)-Gem microsphere, antibody Complex (Abc)-GC-Gem and Abc-GC-Gem microsphere+DDP groups (n=8 in each group). The tumor morphology of the nude mice was observed and HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the respective tissues. TUNEL staining was performed to detect cell apoptosis, while immunohistochemistry was employed for analysis of the positive expression rate of EGFR and the number of microvessel density (MVD). Both RT-qPCR and Western blotting were utilized for mRNA and protein expressions of VEGF, EGFR, Bcl-2, Bax, Survivin, Bak, E-cadherin and Vimentin analysis. RESULTS: The optimal drug concentration of Gem was determined to be 120mg/m2. In comparison to the control group, tumor size, weight, positive expression rate of EGFR and tumor MVD, as well as mRNA and protein expressions of Bax and E-cadherin decreased, while the inhibition rate (IR) and apoptosis index (AI), expression of VEGF, EGFR, Bcl-2, Survivin, Bak and Vimentin increased in the GC-Gem microsphere, Abc-GC-Gem microsphere and Abc-GC-Gem microsphere+DDP groups. Compared with the GC-Gem microsphere group, Abc-GC-Gem and Abc-GC-Gem microsphere+DDP groups had decreases concerning tumor size and weight, positive rate of protein expression of EGFR and tumor MVD, as well as the expression of Bax and E-cadherin, and enhances on IR and AI, expression of VEGF, EGFR, Bcl-2, Survivin, Bak, and Vimentin, which were the most obvious in the Abc-GC-Gem+DDP group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Novel Gem nanoparticles aid in mediating DDP to inhibit PC cell invasion and migriation, promote PC cell apoptosis and enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy. Our findings demonstrated that Gem administered in combination with DDP was more effective than Gem alone.

Long noncoding RNA linc00462 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the most common malignancies worldwide. In two pubic long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) profiling studies of HCC, linc00462 was consistently upregulated. We analyzed the clinical significance and biological role of linc00462 in HCC. METHODS: We performed quantitative real-time PCR analysis to determine the levels of linc00462 in HCC tissues from 49 patients. Functional analysis was performed in cell lines and in an animal model to support clinical findings. RESULTS: Our data showed that linc00462 was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues compared with matched normal tissues. The knockdown of linc00462 in HCC cells resulted in a much less aggressive oncogenic phenotype, and linc00462 downregulation contribute to the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: linc00462 may be a potential therapeutic target in HCC.

Effects of microRNA-183 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition, proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer SW1900 cells by targeting MTA1.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore effects of miR-183 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion by targeting MTA1 in human pancreatic cancer (PC) cells. METHODS: Totally, 108 PC patients admitted in Wenzhou Central Hospital and Wenzhou People's Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University from March 2010 to March 2014 were enrolled. qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were applied to examine expression of MTA1 mRNA and protein. Samples were divided into 6 groups: blank, NC, miR-183 mimics, miR-183 inhibitors, MTA1-siRNA and miR-183 inhibitors +MTA1-siRNA groups. CCK8 method was employed for determining cell proliferation rate, flow cytometry for cell apoptosis rate, scratch test for cell migration and Transwell assay for cell invasion. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to determine expression of MTA1, E-cadherin and Vimentin mRNA and protein. RESULTS: Positive expression rate of MTA1 was upregulated in PC tissues, and expression of miR-183 and MTA1 was associated with differentiation, migration, tumor size, TNM. The miR-183 mimics and MTA1-siRNA groups showed a decrease in proliferation, migration and invasion, whereas increased apoptosis, in comparison with blank and NC groups, as expression of MTA1 and Vimentin mRNA and protein were reduced, expression of E-cadherin mRNA and protein was elevated. Compared to blank and NC groups, the miR-183 inhibitors group exhibited enhanced proliferation, migration and invasion and inhibited apoptosis; increased expressions of MTA1 and Vimentin mRNA and protein and decreased expressions of E-cadherin mRNA and protein. CONCLUSION: Our study supported that miR-183 could repress EMT and invasion of human PC cells through inhibition of MTA1 expression.