Association of non-HDL-C and depression: a cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES data.

Objectives: Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) has attracted attention because it is associated with a variety of diseases and is easy to measure. However, the relationship between non-HDL-C and depression is still unclear. Our aim was to assess the relationship between non-HDL-C and depression using the cross-sectional NHANES survey from 2005 to 2018. Methods: We examined the association between non-HDL-C and depression using weighted multivariable logistic regression models and subgroup analysis. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of the results. Results: There were 42,143 participants in this study and 8.6% had depression (weighted 7.53%). Non-HDL-C was higher in participants with depression compared to those without depression (weighted mean 3.64 vs. 3.73, p < 0.01). There was a positive association between non-HDL-C and depression with a 95% OR of 1.22 adjusted for multifactorial (95% CI,1.03-1.45). In subgroup analyses, non-HDL-C was positively associated with depression in men (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.01-1.70), normal BMI (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.66-1.32) and in participants without hypertension (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.01-1.66). Conclusion: Non-HDL-C positively correlated with depression, and further research may be better for clinical service.

A neuroimaging study of brain activity alterations in treatment-resistant depression after a dual target accelerated transcranial magnetic stimulation.

In this study, we designed a new transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocol using a dual-target accelerated transcranial magnetic stimulation (aTMS) for patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD). There are 58 TRD patients were recruited from the Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, who were, respectively, received dual-target (real continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) at right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and real repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)), single- target (sham cTBS at right OFC and real rTMS at left DLPFC), and sham stimulation (sham cTBS at right OFC and sham rTMS at left DLPFC). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was acquired before and after aTMS treatment to compare characteristics of brain activities by use of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and functional connectivity (FC). At the same time, Hamilton Depression Scale-24 (HAMD24) were conducted to assess the effect. HAMD24 scores reduced significantly in dual group comparing to the single and sham group. Dual-target stimulation decreased not only the ALFF values of right fusiform gyrus (FG) and fALFF values of the left superior temporal gyrus (STG), but also the FC between the right FG and the bilateral middle frontal gyrus (MFG), left triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Higher fALFF value in left STG at baseline may predict better reaction for bilateral arTMS. Dual-targe stimulation can significantly change resting-state brain activities and help to improve depressive symptoms.

Changes of functional connectivity of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex and precuneus after cognitive behavioral therapy combined with fluoxetine in young depressed patients with suicide attempt.

This single-center, randomized, single-blind, parallel-controlled study aimed to analyze the changes in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in young patients with a suicide attempt caused by depression before and after cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) combined with fluoxetine or fluoxetine alone by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Before treatment, functional connectivity of the right subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (R-sgACC), left subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (L-sgACC) and right precuneus (R-PCu) was lower in depressed patients with a suicide attempt than that of healthy controls. After treatment, compared with the fluoxetine group, functional connectivity between the R-sgACC and left posterior cerebellar lobe in the CBT group was increased, while this group also showed increased RSFC between the L-sgACC and right anterior cingulate cortex/ medial prefrontal cortex. On the contrary, the functional connectivity between the R-PCu and right parietal lobe was reduced (P < 0.001). It was also found there were some changes in different brain regions in pre- and post-treatment within both the CBT and MG group. The functional connectivity of the R-sgACC and the left posterior cerebellum lobe was negatively correlated with the SSI score. The functional connectivity of the R-PCu and right middle frontal cortex was negatively correlated with the HAMD score before treatment. After treatment, functional connectivity between the R-PCu and right superior frontal gyrus was positively correlated with the SSI scores in the CBT group. After 8 weeks of combined CBT, the strength of the functional connectivity in the bilateral sgACC and bilateral PCu was significantly changed.