The clinical value of a nomogram constructed from CEA, CA199, PT, FIB, tumor differentiation and TNM stage in colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: The accurate Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) staging of colorectal cancer (CRC) is of great guiding significance for the judgment of tumor progression and prognosis, and the formulation of treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to construct a recurrence risk scoring (RRS) system and prognostic prediction model to improve the accuracy of staging, prognosis prediction, and clinical decision making in resectable CRC. METHODS: CRC patients who underwent radical resection were retrospectively enrolled into study. Multivariable Cox regression model was applied to screen for independent prognostic factors. The RRS system is composed of independent prognostic factors which was awarded 1point each. A prognostic model composed of RRS and TNM staging system (RRS-TNM model) was applied to predict postoperative recurrence. RESULTS: TNM stage, tumor differentiation, preoperative elevated Carcinoembryonic Antigen, Carbohydrate Antigen 199, Prothrombin Time and Fibrinogen were the independent prognostic biomarkers. 173 of 540 patients had recurrence. The 5-year cumulative recurrence rate (5-y CRR) and disease-free survival (DFS) of postoperative p-TNM stage I, II, and III were 12.7% and 104.8 months, 26.5% and 89.3 months, and 55.5% and 57.3 months, respectively. The 5-y CRR and DFS of preoperative Low-risk (RRS 0-1score), Middle-risk (RRS 2-3scores), and High-risk (RRS 4-5scores) groups were 13.9% and 101.1 months, 40.9% and 75.5 months, and 70.2% and 41.1 months. The AUC (area under ROC curve) of RRS system was not inferior to that of TNM staging system (0.713 vs. 0.666; P= 0.093). The AUC (0.770) and C-index value (0.721) of RRS-TNM model were significantly better than both RRS and TNM staging system (P< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The RRS system accurately identifies CRC patients with high-risk recurrence preoperatively. Constructing a nomogram using the RRS system and TNM staging significantly improves the accuracy of staging and prognosis prediction, which is of great clinical significance for individualized clinical treatment and follow-up of CRC.

Prothrombin time (PT) and CEA as prognostic predictive biomarkers for postoperative recurrence after curative resection in patients with stage I-III colorectal cancer: a retrospective cohort study.

There are no ideal biomarkers including the TNM stage that can accurately predict the recurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and the benefit of chemotherapy for stage II patients. Here, 451 CRC patients were divided into three groups according to preoperative levels of prothrombin time (PT) and CEA to analyze the value of these indexes in predicting postoperative recurrence in different TNM stages. Preoperatively elevated levels of PT and CEA were significantly associated with a high 5-year cumulative recurrence rate (CRR) and short recurrence-free survival (RFS). According to PT and CEA levels, the 5-year CRR and RFS differed significantly among the High-risk (PT ≥ 12.65 s and CEA ≥ 10.175 ng/ml), Middle-risk (PT ≥ 12.65 s or CEA ≥ 10.175 ng/ml), and Low-risk (PT < 12.65 s and CEA < 10.175 ng/ml) groups (p < 0.001). In the same TNM stage, the 5-year CRR of the High-risk group was significantly higher and the RFS was markedly shorter than those in the Low-risk and even those in stage III (p < 0.001). In the subgroup of early stage (stage I and II), the 5-year CRR of the High-risk group was significantly higher and the RFS was significantly shorter than those in stage IIIA and IIIB (p < 0.001), which is similar to IIIC. In conclusion, preoperatively elevated levels of serum PT and CEA were reliable predictors of postoperative high-risk recurrence in CRC and combined with TNM stage precisely identify postoperative recurrence CRC patients in stage I-III and the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with stage II CRC.

Safety and oncological outcomes of natural orifice specimen extraction surgery compared with conventional laparoscopic surgery for right hemicolectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) is a new technique and uses natural orifice as the delivery route for specimen extraction to avoid supererogatory incision, and the safety and oncological outcomes of NOSES for right hemicolectomy are still inconclusive, so a meta-analysis was performed to compare these to conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS). Related literature comparing NOSES with CLS for right hemicolectomy, whether randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or retrospective studies, were systematically searched. A random-effect model or fixed-effect model was used based on the I2 value. A total of six studies (all retrospective trials) involving 609 participants were included. Compared with CLS, NOSES was more preponderant than CLS in terms of surgical morbidity [odds ratio (OR) = 0.31; P = 0.0002], length of hospital stay [weighted mean difference (WMD) = - 1.52; P = 0.006], time to first flatus (WMD = - 0.82; P = 0.0008) and liquid intake (WMD = - 1.40; P < 0.00001), pain score of POD1 (WMD = - 1.99; P < 0.00001) and POD3 (WMD = - 1.15; P = 0.02), and cosmetic result (WMD = 1.84; P < 0.00001), while operative time of NOSES was prolonged (WMD = 18.29; P = 0.04). The number of dissected lymph nodes, recurrence, and 3-year overall survival (3-year OS) in NOSES group were comparable to the CLS group. Despite the lack of enough evidence, NOSES for right hemicolectomy has demonstrated comparable safety and oncological outcomes as CLS with less postoperative morbidity and pain, better cosmetic effect, and rapider recovery.