Preparation and evaluation of gastrodin microsphere-loaded Gastrodia elata polysaccharides composite hydrogel on UVB-induced skin damage in vitro and in vivo.

Skin damage from sun exposure is a common issue among outdoor workers and is primarily caused by ultraviolet rays. Upon absorption of these rays, the skin will experience inflammation and cell apoptosis. This study explored the concept of 'Combination of medicine and adjuvant' by utilizing Gastrodia elata polysaccharide, a key component of Gastrodia elata Bl.|, to develop a new hydrogel material. Oxidized Gastrodia elata polysaccharide (OGEP) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) was use to prepare a biocompatible, biodegradable and self-healing hydrogel OGEP/CMCS (OC). And this hydrogel was further loaded with Gastrodin-containing microspheres (GAS/GEL) to create GAS/GEL/OGEP/CMCS (GGOC) hydrogel. Characterization studies revealed that OC and GGOC hydrogels exhibited favorable mechanical properties, antioxidant activity and biocompatibility. The experiments showed that OC and GGOC hydrogels could regulate mitochondrial membrane potential, prevent mitochondrial breakage, inhibit proinflammatory factors, prevent NF-κB protein activation and regulate apoptosis-related pathways. This study highlighted the application potential of Gastrodia elata polysaccharide as a 'Combination of medicine and adjuvant' and the anti-UVB damage effect of the prepared hydrogel.

Quaternized oxidized sodium alginate injectable hydrogel with high antimicrobial and hemostatic efficacy promotes diabetic wound healing.

In this paper, a hydrogel material with efficient antibacterial, hemostatic, self-healing, and injectable properties was designed for the treatment of diabetic wounds. Firstly, quaternary ammonium salts were grafted with oxidized sodium alginate, and quaternized oxidized sodium alginate (QOSA) was synthesized. Due to the introduction of quaternary ammonium group it has antibacterial and hemostatic effects, at the same time, due to the presence of aldehyde group it can be reacted with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) to form a hydrogel through the Schiff base reaction. Furthermore, deer antler blood polypeptide (DABP) was loaded into the hydrogel (QOSA&CMCS&DABP), showing good swelling ratio and bacteriostatic effect. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the hydrogel not only quickly inhibited hepatic hemorrhage in mice and reduced coagulation index and clotting time in vitro, but also significantly enhanced collagen deposition at the wound site, accelerating wound healing. This demonstrates that the multifunctional hydrogel materials (QOSA&CMCS&DABP) have promising applications in the acceleration of skin wound healing and antibacterial promotion.

Chitosan-modified dihydromyricetin liposomes promote the repair of liver injury in mice suffering from diabetes mellitus.

Liver injury caused by type-II diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant public-health concern worldwide. We used chitosan (CS) to modify dihydromyricetin (DHM)-loaded liposomes (DL) through charge interaction. The effect of CS-modified DL (CDL) on liver injury in mice suffering from DM was investigated in vivo and in vitro. CDL exhibited superior antioxidant capacity and stability. Pharmacokinetic analyses revealed a 3.23- and 1.92-fold increase in the drug concentration-time curve (953.60 ± 122.55 ng/mL/h) in the CDL-treated group as opposed to the DHM-treated group (295.15 ± 25.53 ng/mL/h) and DL-treated group (495.31 ± 65.21 ng/mL/h). The maximum drug concentration in blood (Tmax) of the CDL group saw a 2.26- and 1.21-fold increase compared with that in DHM and DL groups. We observed a 1.49- and 1.31-fold increase in the maximum drug concentration in blood (Cmax) in the CDL group compared with that in DHM and DL groups. Western blotting suggested that CDL could alleviate liver injury in mice suffering from DM by modulating inflammatory factors and the transforming growth factor-ß1/Smad2/Smad3 signaling pathway. In conclusion, modification of liposomes using CS is a viable approach to address the limitations of conventional liposomes and insoluble drugs.

Poly (vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan multifunctional hydrogel loading HKUST-1 nanoenzymes for diabetic wound healing.

Bacterial infection, hyperinflammation and hypoxia, which can lead to amputation in severe cases, are frequently observed in diabetic wounds, and this has been a critical issue facing the repair of chronic skin injuries. In this study, a copper-based MOF (TAX@HKUST-1) highly loaded with taxifolin (TAX) with a drug loading of 41.94 ± 2.60 % was prepared. In addition, it has excellent catalase activity, and by constructing an oxygen-releasing hydrogel (PTH) system with calcium peroxide (CaO2), it can be used as a nano-enzyme to promote the generation of oxygen from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to provide sufficient oxygen to the wound, and at the same time, solve the problem of the oxidative stress damage caused by excess H2O2 to the cells during the oxygen-releasing process. On the other hand, TAX and HKUST-1 in PTH synergistically promoted antimicrobial and anti-oxidative stress properties, and the bacterial inhibition rate against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli reached 90 %. In vivo experiments have shown that PTH hydrogel is able to treat diabetic skin repair by inhibiting the expression of inflammation-related proteins and promoting epidermal neogenesis, angiogenesis and collagen deposition.

Hydrogel loaded with thiolated chitosan modified taxifolin liposome promotes osteoblast proliferation and regulates Wnt signaling pathway to repair rat skull defects.

To alleviate skull defects and enhance the biological activity of taxifolin, this study utilized the thin-film dispersion method to prepare paclitaxel liposomes (TL). Thiolated chitosan (CSSH)-modified TL (CTL) was synthesized through charge interactions. Injectable hydrogels (BLG) were then prepared as hydrogel scaffolds loaded with TAX (TG), TL (TLG), and CTL (CTLG) using a Schiff base reaction involving oxidized dextran and carboxymethyl chitosan. The study investigated the bone reparative properties of CTLG through molecular docking, western blot techniques, and transcriptome analysis. The particle sizes of CTL were measured at 248.90 ± 14.03 nm, respectively, with zeta potentials of +36.68 ± 5.43 mV, respectively. CTLG showed excellent antioxidant capacity in vitro. It also has a good inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition rates of 93.88 ± 1.59 % and 88.56 ± 2.83 % respectively. The results of 5-ethynyl-2 '-deoxyuridine staining, alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining showed that CTLG also had the potential to promote the proliferation and differentiation of mouse embryonic osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1). The study revealed that CTLG enhances the expression of osteogenic proteins by regulating the Wnt signaling pathway, shedding light on the potential application of TAX and bone regeneration mechanisms.

Synthesis of Taxifolin-Loaded Polydopamine for Chemo-Photothermal-Synergistic Therapy of Ovarian Cancer.

Chemotherapy is a well-established method for treating cancer, but it has limited effectiveness due to its high dosage and harmful side effects. To address this issue, researchers have explored the use of photothermal agent nanoparticles as carriers for precise drug release in vivo. In this study, three different sizes of polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA-1, PDA-2, and PDA-3) were synthesized and evaluated. PDA-2 was selected for its optimal size, encapsulation rate, and drug loading rate. The release of the drug from PDA-2@TAX was tested at different pH and NIR laser irradiation levels. The results showed that PDA-2@TAX released more readily in an acidic environment and exhibited a high photothermal conversion efficiency when exposed to an 808 nm laser. In vitro experiments on ovarian cancer cells demonstrated that PDA-2@TAX effectively inhibited cell proliferation, highlighting its potential for synergistic chemotherapy-photothermal treatment.

Polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl chitosan-based hydrogels loaded with taxifolin liposomes promote diabetic wound healing by inhibiting inflammation and regulating autophagy.

With the improvement of modern living standards, the challenge of diabetic wound healing has significantly impacted the public health system. In this study, our objective was to enhance the bioactivity of taxifolin (TAX) by encapsulating it in liposomes using a thin film dispersion method. Additionally, polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl chitosan-based hydrogels were prepared through repeated freeze-thawing. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to investigate the properties of the hydrogel and its effectiveness in promoting wound healing in diabetic mice. The results of the experiments revealed that the encapsulation efficiency of taxifolin liposomes (TL) was 89.80 ± 4.10 %, with a drug loading capacity of 17.58 ± 2.04 %. Scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that the prepared hydrogels possessed a porous structure, facilitating gas exchange and the absorption of wound exudates. Furthermore, the wound repair experiments in diabetic mice showed that the TL-loaded hydrogels (TL-Gels) could expedite wound healing by suppressing the inflammatory response and promoting the expression of autophagy-related proteins. Overall, this study highlights that TL-Gels effectively reduce wound healing time by modulating the inflammatory response and autophagy-related protein expression, thus offering promising prospects for the treatment of hard-to-heal wounds induced by diabetes.

A Poloxamer 407/chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel dressing for diabetic wound healing via oxygen production and dihydromyricetin release.

The current clinical treatment of diabetic wounds is still based on oxygen therapy, and the slow healing of skin wounds due to hypoxia has always been a key problem in the repair of chronic skin injuries. To overcome this problem, the oxygen-producing matrix CaO2NPS based on the temperature-sensitive dihydromyricetin-loaded hydrogel was prepared. In vitro activity showed that the dihydromyricetin (DHM) oxygen-releasing temperature-sensitive hydrogel composite (DHM-OTH) not only provided a suitable oxygen environment for cells around the wound to survive but also had good biocompatibility and various biological activities. By constructing a T2D wound model, we further investigated the repairing effect of DHM-OTH on chronic diabetic skin wounds and the mechanisms involved. DHM-OTH was able to reduce inflammatory cells and collagen deposition and promote angiogenesis and cell proliferation for diabetic wound healing. These in vitro and in vivo data suggest that DHM-OTH accelerates diabetic wound repair as a novel method to efficiently deliver oxygen to wound tissue, providing a promising strategy to improve diabetic wound healing.

Exposure to mixtures of PM2.5 components and term premature rupture of membranes: a case-crossover study in Shijiazhuang, China.

This study aims to explore the acute effects of short-term exposure to PM2.5 components and their mixture on PROM. Counts of hospital admissions due to PROM were collected at the Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang. The associations between the PROM and PM2.5 components was examined using a time-stratified case-crossover approach. The overall effects of components on TPROM were examined using the BKMR. During the study period 30,709 cases of PROMwere identified. The relative risks and the 95% CI of TPROM were 1.013 (1.002, 1.028) and 1.015 (1.003, 1.028) associated with per interquartile range increase in nitrate and ammonium ion on the current day and they were 1.007 (1.001, 1.013) and 1.003 (1.000, 1.005) on the previous day. The results from the BKMR models showed a higher risk of TPROM was associated with exposure to mixtures, in which, nitrate and organic matter were the main contributors to the overall effect.

New resource food-arabinogalactan improves DSS-induced acute colitis through intestinal flora and NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Colitis can significantly impact daily life. This study utilized DSS to induce acute colitis in mice and examined the regulatory effect of arabinogalactan (AG). The findings demonstrated that AG intake effectively alleviated the phenotype of DSS-induced colitis in mice and protected against small intestine damage. Furthermore, AG suppressed the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1ß, while promoting the secretion of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. It also inhibited the secretion of LPS in serum and MPO in colon tissue. Additionally, AG regulated the NF-κB/MAPK/PPARγ signaling pathway and inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway, thereby ameliorating DSS-induced colitis inflammation in mice. AG also influenced the metabolism of short-chain fatty acids, particularly butyrate, in the intestinal tract of mice. Moreover, AG modulated and enhanced the composition of intestinal flora in mice with colitis, increasing the diversity of dominant flora and promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria. These results highlight the protective effects of arabinogalactan against colitis and its potential applications in the food industry.

A dihydromyricetin-loaded phellinus igniarius polysaccharide/l-arginine modified chitosan-based hydrogel for promoting wound recovery in diabetic mice via JNK and TGF-ß/Smad signaling pathway.

The wound of diabetes has long-term excessive inflammation leading to wound fibrosis and scar formation. In the process of diabetic wound healing, good wound dressing is required for intervention. In this study, we designed a dihydromyricetin-loaded hydrogel (PCD) based on phellinus igniarius polysaccharide and l-arginine modified chitosan as an alternative material to promote diabetes wound healing. PCD had a uniform porous structure, good thermal stability, excellent mechanical properties, high water absorption, excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and good biocompatibility and biodegradability. In addition, in the full-thickness skin trauma model of diabetes, PCD significantly inhibited the JNK signaling pathway to reduce inflammatory response, and significantly down-regulated the expression of TGF-ß1, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 to directly inhibit the TGF-ß/Smad signaling pathway to accelerate wound healing and slow down scar formation in diabetes mice. Therefore, PCD has a broad application prospect in promoting diabetes wound healing.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone/chitosan-loaded dihydromyricetin-based nanofiber membrane promotes diabetic wound healing by anti-inflammatory and regulating autophagy-associated protein expression.

The healing of wounds in diabetics is commonly delayed by recurring infections and persistent inflammation at the wound site. For this reason, we conducted a study using the electrospinning technique to create nanofiber membranes consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone/chitosan (PVP/CS) and incorporated dihydromyricetin (DHM) into them. Infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the nanofiber membrane. Experimental results in vitro have shown that PVP/CS/DHM has exceptional properties such as hydrophilicity, porosity, water vapor transport rate, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial activity. Moreover, our study has demonstrated that the application of PVP/CS/DHM can significantly improve wound healing in diabetic mice. After an 18-day treatment period, a remarkable wound closure rate of 88.63 ± 1.37 % was achieved. The in vivo experiments revealed that PVP/CS/DHM can promote diabetic wound healing by suppressing the activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and enhancing autophagy-related protein as well as CD31 and HIF-1α expression in skin tissues. This study showed that PVP/CS/DHM is a promising wound dressing.

Multifunctional hydrogel bioscaffolds based on polysaccharide to promote wound healing: A review.

Various types of skin wounds pose challenges in terms of healing and susceptibility to infection, which can have a significant impact on physical and mental well-being, and in severe cases, may result in amputation. Conventional wound dressings often fail to provide optimal support for these wounds, thereby impeding the healing process. As a result, there has been considerable interest in the development of multifunctional polymer matrix hydrogel scaffolds for wound healing. This review offers a comprehensive review of the characteristics of polysaccharide-based hydrogel scaffolds, as well as their applications in different types of wounds. Additionally, it evaluates the advantages and disadvantages associated with various types of multifunctional polymer and polysaccharide-based hydrogel scaffolds. The objective is to provide a theoretical foundation for the utilization of multifunctional hydrogel scaffolds in promoting wound healing.

Multifunctional biomaterial hydrogel loaded with antler blood peptide effectively promotes wound repair.

Diabetes is an epidemic in contemporary society, which seriously affects people's health. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a multifunctional wound dressing that can expedite the healing of diabetic wounds. In this study, quaternized oxidized sodium alginate (QOSA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) formed hydrogel through Schiff base reaction, and the composite hydrogel was prepared by adding the antioxidant activity of deer antler blood polypeptide (D). The hydrogel exhibits favorable attributes, including a high swelling ratio, biocompatibility, and noteworthy antioxidant, antibacterial, and hemostatic properties. Finally, it was used to evaluate its effectiveness in repairing diabetic wounds. Upon evaluation, this hydrogel can effectively promote diabetic wound healing. It facilitates cell proliferation at the wound site, mitigates inflammatory responses, and enhances the expression of growth factors at the wound site. This suggests that this hydrogel holds significant promise as an ideal candidate for advanced wound dressings.

Flavonoid-Loaded Biomaterials in Bone Defect Repair.

Skeletons play an important role in the human body, and can form gaps of varying sizes once damaged. Bone defect healing involves a series of complex physiological processes and requires ideal bone defect implants to accelerate bone defect healing. Traditional grafts are often accompanied by issues such as insufficient donors and disease transmission, while some bone defect implants are made of natural and synthetic polymers, which have characteristics such as good porosity, mechanical properties, high drug loading efficiency, biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, their antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and bone repair promoting abilities are limited. Flavonoids are natural compounds with various biological activities, such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic. Their good anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant activities make them beneficial for the treatment of bone defects. Several researchers have designed different types of flavonoid-loaded polymer implants for bone defects. These implants have good biocompatibility, and they can effectively promote the expression of angiogenesis factors such as VEGF and CD31, promote angiogenesis, regulate signaling pathways such as Wnt, p38, AKT, Erk and increase the levels of osteogenesis-related factors such as Runx-2, OCN, OPN significantly to accelerate the process of bone defect healing. This article reviews the effectiveness and mechanism of biomaterials loaded with flavonoids in the treatment of bone defects. Flavonoid-loaded biomaterials can effectively promote bone defect repair, but we still need to improve the overall performance of flavonoid-loaded bone repair biomaterials to improve the bioavailability of flavonoids and provide more possibilities for bone defect repair.

Hydrogel Tissue Bioengineered Scaffolds in Bone Repair: A Review.

Large bone defects due to trauma, infections, and tumors are difficult to heal spontaneously by the body's repair mechanisms and have become a major hindrance to people's daily lives and economic development. However, autologous and allogeneic bone grafts, with their lack of donors, more invasive surgery, immune rejection, and potential viral transmission, hinder the development of bone repair. Hydrogel tissue bioengineered scaffolds have gained widespread attention in the field of bone repair due to their good biocompatibility and three-dimensional network structure that facilitates cell adhesion and proliferation. In addition, loading natural products with nanoparticles and incorporating them into hydrogel tissue bioengineered scaffolds is one of the most effective strategies to promote bone repair due to the good bioactivity and limitations of natural products. Therefore, this paper presents a brief review of the application of hydrogels with different gel-forming properties, hydrogels with different matrices, and nanoparticle-loaded natural products loaded and incorporated into hydrogels for bone defect repair in recent years.

Construction of highly dispersed iron active sites for efficient catalytic ozonation of bisphenol A.

The essential factor of catalytic ozonation technology relies on an efficient and stable catalyst. The construction of highly dispersed active sites on heterogeneous catalysts is an ideal strategy to combine the merits of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis with high activity and stability. Herein, an iron-containing mesoporous silica material (Fe-SBA15) with sufficient iron site exposure and enhanced intrinsic activity of active sites was employed to activate ozone for bisphenol A (BPA) degradation. Approximately 100% of BPA and 36.6% of total organic carbon (TOC) removal were realized by the Fe-SBA15 catalytic ozonation strategy with a reaction constant of 0.076 min-1, well beyond the performance of FeOx/SBA15 mixture and Fe2O3. Radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis demonstrated that the hydroxyl radicals (HO•) and superoxide radicals (O2•-) played an important role in the degradation process. The iron sites with recyclable Fe(III)/Fe(II) pairs act as both the electron donors and active sites for catalytic ozonation. The mesoporous framework of SBA15 in Fe-SBA15 stabilizes the iron sites that enhance its stability. With high catalytic performance and high reusability for catalytic ozonation of BPA, the Fe-SBA15 is expected to be a promising catalyst in catalytic ozonation for wastewater treatment.

Research progress of natural plant polysaccharides inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways and regulating intestinal flora and metabolism to protect inflammatory bowel disease.

Natural plant polysaccharides are macromolecular substances with a wide range of biological activities. They have a wide range of biological activities, especially play an important role in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The molecular weight of polysaccharides, the composition of monosaccharides and the connection of glycosidic bonds will affect the therapeutic effect on inflammatory bowel disease. Traditional Chinese medicine plant polysaccharides and various types of plant polysaccharides reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-17, increase the level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, regulate NF-κB signaling pathway, and NLRP3 inflammasome to relieve colitis. At the same time, they can play a protective role by regulating the balance of intestinal flora in mice with colitis and increasing the abundance of probiotics to promote the metabolism of polysaccharide metabolites SCFAs. This review summarizes the research on the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease by many natural plant polysaccharides, and provides a theoretical basis for the later treatment of polysaccharides on inflammatory bowel disease.

Preparation of a new resource food-arabinogalactan and its protective effect against enterotoxicity in IEC-6 cells by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Plant polysaccharides can be used as bioactive natural polymers that provide health benefits, however high molecular weight neutral polysaccharides have not shown good bioactivity. In this study, high molecular weight neutral arabinogalactan was isolated and structurally characterized to investigate it antioxidant activity against IEC-6 cells. In this study, a neutral polysaccharide (AG-40-I-II) was obtained from the roots of Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen. and purified using ethanol fractional precipitation and purification on a DEAE-52 cellulose column and a Superose 12 gel filtration column. The structural characteristics of AG-40-I-II was detected by chemical and spectroscopic methods. The results showed that the average molecular weight of AG-40-I-II was 18.6 kDa, the main chain was composed of →4)-ß-D-Gal-(1, â†’ 4, 6)-ß-D-Gal-(1 and →4)-ß- D-Glc-(1, the side chain is composed of T-ß-L-Araf(1 â†’ 6). The effect of AG-40-I-II on H2O2-induced IEC-6 cell injury was determined by MTT method. Besides, AG-40-I-II could reduce the level of MDA and increase SOD activity on IEC-6 cells, which could significantly inhibit the production of ROS. Importantly, AG-40-I-II inhibited the splicing of XBP1 by IRE1α through the ERS pathway and reduced the cell apoptosis induced by H2O2. In summary, the results of this study indicate that AG-40-I-II, as a natural source of plant polysaccharides, has good antioxidant activity, and is expected to become a safe plant source of natural antioxidants, which has great potential in biomedicine potential.

Sodium alginate/poly(vinyl alcohol)/taxifolin nanofiber mat promoting diabetic wound healing by modulating the inflammatory response, angiogenesis, and skin flora.

Diabetes-related ulcers are still a therapeutic problem because of their susceptibility to infection, ongoing inflammation, and diminished vascularization. The design and development of novel dressings are clinically urgent for the treatment of chronic wounds due to diabetic ulcers. In this study, we made taxifolin (TAX) loaded sodium alginate (SA)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers for the treatment of chronic wounds. The SA/PVA/TAX nanofibers that have been created are smooth and bead-free, with good thermal stability, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties. The release profile indicated a sustained drug release, with a cumulative release rate of 64.6 ± 3.7 % at 24 h. In vitro experiments have shown that SA/PVA/TAX has good antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, and biocompatibility. In vivo experiments have shown that SA/PVA/TAX exhibits desirable biochemical properties and is involved in the diabetic wound healing process by promoting cell proliferation (Ki67), angiogenesis (CD31, VEGFA), and alleviating inflammation (CD68). Western blotting experiments suggest that SA/PVA/TAX may promote diabetic wound healing by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway and upregulating the expression of VEGFA and PDGFA. The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that SA/PVA/TAX increased the wound surface flora's diversity and reversed the skin microbiota's structural imbalance. Therefore, SA/PVA/TAX can promote diabetic wound healing by modulating the inflammatory response, angiogenesis, and skin flora and has the potential to be an excellent wound dressing.