Fabrication of rGO/BiOI photocathode and its catalytic performance in the degradation of 4-Fluoroaniline.

Organic fluorine compounds are acute carcinogenic and mutagenic to humans. Photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) treatment is an innovative technology in the field of the removal of fluorine compounds, and thus current research focused on improving stability and catalytic ability of photoanode. In this study, it has been synthesized a rGO/BiOI photocathode for the efficient degradation of 4-Fluoroaniline (4-FA). The physical characterization and photoelectrochemical properties of the photocathode was determined. The results indicate that the PEC treatment with the rGO/BiOI photocathode was more efficient compared with individual processes. During the optimization experiments, the PEC treatment achieved 99.58 % and 72.12 % of 4-FA degradation and defluorination within 1 h. Cyclic stability experiments show that rGO/BiOI photocathode was efficient and stable, which reached 96.91 % and 67.64 % of 4-FA degradation and defluorination after five cycles. Mechanism analysis indicates that the PEC process was based on an electrochemical reaction and photo-induced processes. The degradation product of 4-FA was mainly 2,4-di-t-butylphenol, and trapping experiments indicates that h+ is the primary oxidizing species. Therefore, PEC treatment with rGO/BiOI photocathode is a competitive green approach to remove fluorine compounds pollutants and brings new insights into development of PEC treatment.

Development of Reliable Male-Specific Molecular Markers for Genetic Sex Identification in Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.

Apostichopus japonicus is an important marine aquaculture species in China, with high nutritional and economic value. In A. japonicus, there is no obvious sexual dimorphism in external appearance, and sex differentiation primarily relies on the observation of mature gonads after dissection, which leads to difficulties in sex identification. The confusion in sex identification greatly reduces breeding efficiency in the sea cucumber industry. Therefore, developing a reliable sex-specific marker is crucial. In this study, we identified 586 male-specific sequences through whole-genome assembly and sequence alignment, but did not identify any female-specific sequences, inferring an XY-type sex determination system in sea cucumbers. We developed a set of male-specific molecular markers to establish an accurate, stable, and widely adaptable genetic sex identification technique for A. japonicus. The male-specific molecular markers were validated with 100% accuracy in sea cucumber populations from six different geographical regions in China. In conclusion, this study provides further evidence for the XY-type sex determination system in A. japonicus and establishes an effective genetic sex identification method for multi-geographic populations, which benefits future study on reproductive biology and has significant implications in sea cucumber aquaculture industry.

An electrochemical point-of-care testing device for specific diagnosis of the albinism biomarker based on paradigm shift designs.

L-tyrosine is a recognized biomarker of albinism, whose endogenous level in human bodies is directly linked to melanin synthesis while no attention has been paid to its specific diagnosis. To this end, we have developed an electrochemical point-of-care testing device based on a molecularly imprinted gel prepared by a universal paradigm shift design to achieve the enhanced specific recognition of the L-tyrosine. Interestingly, this theoretically optimized molecularly imprinted gel validates the recognition pattern of L-tyrosine and optimizes the structure of the polymer itself with the aid of computational chemistry. Besides, modified extended-layer MXene and Au nanoclusters have significantly improved the sensing activity. As a result, the linear diagnostic range of this electrochemical point-of-care testing device for L-tyrosine is 0.1-100 µM in actual human fluids, which fully covers the L-tyrosine levels of healthy individuals and people with albinism. The diagnosis is completed in 90 s and then the results are transmitted by Bluetooth low energy to the smart mobile terminal. Therefore, we are convinced that this electrochemical point-of-care testing device is a promising tool in the future smart medical system.

Epigallocatechin gallate attenuated high glucose-induced pancreatic beta cell dysfunction by modulating DRP1-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathways.

Long-term exposure to hyperglycemic conditions leads to ß-cell dysfunction, particularly mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammatory and oxidative stress responses, which are considered the primary causes of ß-cell death and the hallmarks of diabetes. Plant-active ingredients may play a key role in glycemic control. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a characteristic catechin derived from tea that possesses anti-diabetic properties. Nonetheless, its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, the protective role of EGCG on high glucose (33 mM)-induced pancreatic beta cell dysfunction and its possible molecular mechanisms were investigated. Briefly, MIN6 cells were treated with glucose and EGCG (10 µM, 20 µM, and 40 µM) for 48 h. Our results revealed that EGCG dose-dependently restored mitochondrial membrane potential and concomitantly alleviated cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, the expression level of apoptotic protein BAX and Dynamic related protein 1 (DRP1) was significantly downregulated following EGCG treatment, whereas that of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 was significantly upregulated. Taken together, EGCG alleviated high glucose-induced pancreatic beta cell dysfunction by targeting the DRP1-related mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and thus can serve as a nutritional intervention for the preservation of beta cell dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Stepwise Stiffening Chromophore Strategy Realizes a Series of Ultralong Blue Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Materials.

Ultralong room-temperature phosphorescent (URTP) materials have attracted wide attention in anti-counterfeiting, optoelectronic display, and bio-imaging due to their special optical properties. However, room-temperature blue phosphorescent materials are very scarce during applications because of the need to simultaneously populate and stabilize high-energy excited states. In this work, a stepwise stiffening chromophore strategy is proposed to suppress non-radiative jump by continuously reducing the internal spin of the chromophore, and successfully developing a series of blue phosphorescent materials. Phosphorescence lifetimes of more than 3 s are achieved, with the longest lifetime reaching 5.44 s and lasting more than 70 s in the naked eye. As far as is know, this is the best result that has been reported. By adjusting the chromophore conjugation, multicolor phosphorescences from cyan to green have been realized. In addition, these chromophores exhibit the same excellent optical properties in urea and polyvinyl alcohmance (PVA). Finally, these materials are successfully applied to luminescent displays.

The Impact of the Fresh Pork Display Lamps on the Sensory Response of Consumers to Fresh Pork.

Two studies were conducted to investigate the impact of fresh pork display lamps on consumers' sensory responses to pork products. In the first experiment, 63 participants were asked to evaluate pork products with different degrees of freshness under four fresh pork display lights and two LED lights. In the other experiment, 30 subjects participated in the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test under the same lamps, with the aim of showing whether the fresh pork display lamps impaired color discrimination. The results showed that the light source had a significant effect on the color appearance evaluation of the pork products. The ratings for perceived freshness under the fresh pork display lamps were significantly higher than those of ordinary LED lamps, while the color discrimination performance of the subjects under those lamps was poor. It was demonstrated that improper component proportions of the light spectrum could influence observers' assessment of meat quality and weaken the observers' ability to distinguish the freshness level. Through this study, the authors would like to remind lamp users and manufacturers to not only be concerned about the improvement in the color appearance of pork, but also the need for consumers to be aware of the authentic freshness of the pork products.

Ratiometric fluorescence sensor based on deep learning for rapid and user-friendly detection of tetracycline antibiotics.

The detection of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) in food holds great significance in minimizing their absorption within the human body. Hence, this study aims to develop a rapid, convenient, real-time, and accurate detection method for detecting antibiotics in an authentic market setting. A colorimetric fluorescence sensor was devised for tetracycline detection utilizing PVA aerogels as the substrate. Its operating principle is based on the IFE effect and antenna effect. A detection device is designed to capture fluorescence images while deep learning was employed to aid in the detection process. The sensor exhibits high responsiveness with a mere 60-s requirement for detection and demonstrates substantial color changes(blue to red), achieving 99% accuracy within the range of 10-100 µM with the assistance of deep learning (Resnet18). Real sample simulation tests yielded recovery rates between 95% and 130%. Overall, the proposed strategy proved to be a simple, portable, reliable, and responsive solution for rapid real-time TCs detection in food samples.

High-performance VO2/CNT@PANI with core-shell construction enable printable in-planar symmetric supercapacitors.

As a progressive electronic energy storage device, the flexible supercapacitor holds tremendous promise for powering wearable/portable electronic products. Of various pseudocapacitor materials, vanadium dioxide (VO2) has garnered extensive attention due to its impressive theoretical capacitance. However, the challenges of inferior cycling life and lower energy density to be addressed. Herein, we prepare VO2 nanorods with winding carbon nanotubes (CNT) via a facile solvothermal route, followed by in situ polymerization of polyaniline (PANI) shell. Taking full advantage of the synergistic effect, the VO2/CNT@PANI composite delivers a high specific capacitance of 354.2F/g at 0.5 A/g and a long cycling life of âˆ¼ 88.2 % over 5000 cycles resulting from the enhanced conductivity of CNT and stabilization of PANI shell. By screen printing the formulated inks with outstanding rheological behaviours, we manufacture an in-planar VO2/CNT@PANI symmetric supercapacitor (VO2/CNT@PANI SSC) device featuring an orderly arrangement structure. This device yields a remarkable areal energy density of 99.57 µWh/cm2 at a power density of 387.5 µW/cm2 while retaining approximately âˆ¼ 87.6 % of its initial capacitance after prolonged use. Furthermore, we successfully powered a portable game machine for more than 2 min using two SSCs connected in series with ease. Therefore, this work presents a universal strategy that utilises combination and coating to boost electrochemical performance for flexible high-performance supercapacitors.

Magnetically separable Co0.6Fe2.4O4/MIL-101-NH2 adsorbent for Congo red efficient removal.

The development of effective and practical adsorbents for eliminating pollutants still remains a significant challenge. Herein, we synthesized a novel magnetically separable composite, Co0.6Fe2.4O4/MIL-101-NH2, through the in-situ growth of MIL-101-NH2 on magnetic nanoparticles, designed specifically for the removal of Congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. MIL-101-NH2 possessed high BET surface area (240.485 m2•g-1) and facile magnetic separation function and can be swiftly separated (within 30 s) through an external magnetic field post-adsorption. The investigation systematically explored the influence of crucial parameters, including adsorbent dosage, pH, adsorption duration, temperature, and the presence of interfering ions, on CR adsorption performance. Findings indicate that CR adsorption adheres to the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamic analysis reveals the spontaneity, endothermic nature, and orderly progression of the adsorption process. Remarkably, the adsorbent with 0.1 g•L-1 boasts an impressive maximum adsorption capacity of 1756.19 mg•g-1 for CR at 298.15 K, establishing its competitive advantage. The reuse of the adsorbent over 5 cycles remains 78% of the initial adsorption. The CR adsorption mechanisms were elucidated, emphasizing the roles of π-π interactions, electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding, and metal coordination. Comparison with other dyes, such as methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO), and exploration of adsorption performance in binary dye systems, demonstrates the superior capacity and selectivity of this adsorbent for CR. In conclusion, our magnetically separable metal-organic framework (MOF)based composite presents a versatile and effective solution for CR removal, with promising applications in water treatment and environmental remediation.

Novel Pyrazole Acyl(thio)urea Derivatives Containing a Biphenyl Scaffold as Potential Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Fungicidal Activity, and SAR.

As part of a program to discover novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides, a series of new pyrazole acyl(thio)urea compounds containing a diphenyl motif were designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, HRMS, and single X-ray crystal diffraction analysis. Most of these compounds possessed excellent activity against 10 fungal plant pathogens at 50 µg mL-1, especially against Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, and Cercospora arachidicola. Interestingly, compounds 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-((3',4',5'-trifluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamoyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (9b, EC50 = 0.97 ± 0.18 µg mL-1), 1,3-dimethyl-N-((3',4',5'-trifluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamoyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (9a, EC50 = 2.63 ± 0.41 µg mL-1), and N-((4'-chloro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamoyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (9g, EC50 = 1.31 ± 0.15 µg mL-1) exhibited activities against S. sclerotiorum that were better than the commercial fungicide bixafen (EC50 = 9.15 ± 0.05 µg mL-1) and similar to the positive control fluxapyroxad (EC50 = 0.71 ± 0.11 µg mL-1). These compounds were not significantly phytotoxic to monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) are discussed by substituent effects/molecular docking, and density functional theory analysis indicated that these compounds are succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors.

Endocrine regulation of reproductive biology in echinoderms: An evolutionary perspective from closest marine invertebrate relatives to chordates.

Echinoderms are a phylum of invertebrate deuterostomes, which contain echinoids, asteroids, holothuroids, crinoids, and ophiuroids. Echinoderms have special evolutionary position and unique characteristics, including pentamerous radial body structure, elaborate calcareous endoskeletons, and versatile water vascular system. Echinoderms exhibit extraordinarily diverse reproductive modes: asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, sexual reversal, etc. Endocrine regulation plays important well-known roles in sex differentiation, gonadal development and maturation, gametogenesis, and reproductive behavior in vertebrates. However, the entire picture of reproductive endocrinology in echinoderms as an evolutionary model of the closest marine invertebrate relatives to chordates has not been revealed. Here, we reviewed previous and recent research progress on reproductive endocrinology in echinoderms, mainly including two sections: Sex steroids in echinoderms and neuropeptide regulation in echinoderm reproduction. This review introduces a variety of endocrine regulatory mechanisms in reproductive biology of echinoderms. It discusses the vertebrate-like sex steroids, putative steroidogenic pathway and metabolism, and reproduction-related neuropeptides. The review will provide a deeper understanding about endocrine regulatory mechanisms of gonadal development in lower deuterostomes and the application of endocrine control in economic echinoderm species in aquaculture.

Discovery of Highly Efficient Novel Antifungal Lead Compounds Targeting Succinate Dehydrogenase: Pyrazole-4-carboxamide Derivatives with an N-Phenyl Substituted Amide Fragment.

Developing environmentally friendly fungicides is crucial to tackle the issue of rising pesticide resistance. In this study, a series of novel pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives containing N-phenyl substituted amide fragments were designed and synthesized. The structures of target compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS, and the crystal structure of the most active compound N-(1-(4-(4-(tert-butyl)benzamido)phenyl)propan-2-yl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-N-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (U22) was further determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The bioassay results indicated that the 26 target compounds possessed good in vitro antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with EC50 values for compounds U12, U13, U15, U16, U18, U22, and U23 being 4.17 ± 0.46, 8.04 ± 0.71, 7.01 ± 0.71, 12.77 ± 1.00, 8.11 ± 0.70, 0.94 ± 0.11, and 9.48 ± 0.83 µg·mL-1, respectively, which were the similar to controls bixafen (6.70 ± 0.47 µg·mL-1), fluxapyroxad (0.71 ± 0.14 µg·mL-1), and pydiflumetofen (0.06 ± 0.01 µg·mL-1). Furthermore, in vivo antifungal activity results against S. sclerotiorum indicated that compounds U12 (80.6%) and U22 (89.9%) possessed excellent preventative efficacy at 200 µg·mL-1, which was the same as the control pydiflumetofen (82.4%). Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies found that the compound U22 could destroy the hyphal morphology and damage mitochondria, cell membranes, and vacuoles. The results of molecular docking of compound U22 and pydiflumetofen with succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) indicated they interact well with the active site of SDH. This study validated our approach and design strategy to produce compounds with an enhanced biological activity as compared to the parent structure.

Synthesis, Herbicidal Activity, Mode of Action, and In Silico Analysis of Novel Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine Compounds.

Natural products are a main source of new chemical entities for use in drug and pesticide discovery. In order to discover lead compounds with high herbicidal activity, a series of new pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized using 2-chloronicotinic acid as the starting material. Their structures were characterized with 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS, and the herbicidal activities against dicotyledonous lettuce (Lactuca sativa), field mustard (Brassica campestris), monocotyledonous bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) were determined. The results indicated that most of the pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives had no marked inhibitory effect on lettuce at 1 mM. However, most of the pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives possessed good activity against bentgrass at 1 mM. Among them, the most active compound, 3-methyl-1-(2,3,4-trifluorophenyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (2o), was as active as the positive controls, the commercial herbicides clomazone and flumioxazin. Molecular simulation was performed with molecular docking and DFT calculations. The docking studies provided strong evidence that 2o acts as an herbicide by inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase. However, the physiological results indicate that it does not act on this target in vivo, implying that it could be metabolically converted to a compound with a different molecular target.

Design, Synthesis, Insecticidal Activity, and SAR of Aryl Isoxazoline Derivatives Containing Pyrazole-5-carboxamide Motif.

It is important to develop new insecticides with a new mode of action because of increasing pesticide resistance. In this study, a series of novel aryl isoxazoline derivatives containing the pyrazole-5-carboxamide motif were designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. Bioassays indicated that the 24 compounds synthesized possessed excellent insecticidal activity against Mythimna separate and no activity against Aphis craccivora and Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Among these aryl isoxazoline derivatives, 3-(5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydrozol-3-yl)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (IA-8) had the best insecticidal activity against M. separate, which is comparable with the positive control fluralaner. The molecular docking results of compound IA-8 and fluralaner with the GABA model demonstrated the same docking mode between compound IA-8 and positive control fluralaner in the active site of GABA. Molecular structure comparisons and ADMET analysis can potentially be used to design more active compounds. The structure-activity relationships are also discussed. This work provided an excellent insecticide for further optimization.

Accessing indole-isoindole derivatives via palladium-catalyzed [3+2] cyclization of isocyanides with alkynyl imines.

A facile protocol for the preparation of indole-isoindole derivatives was developed and proceeds via a palladium-catalyzed [3+2] cyclization of isocyanides with alkynyl imines. In this transformation, the palladium catalyst has a triple role, serving simultaneously as a π acid, a transition-metal catalyst and a hydride ion donor, thus enabling the dual function of isocyanide both as a C1 synthon for cyanation and a C1N1 synthon for imidoylation. Significantly, the reaction is the sole successful example for accessing indole-isoindole derivatives, and will open up new avenues to assemble unique N-heterocycle frameworks. Furthermore, the synthetic value of this protocol is demonstrated in the late-stage modification of physiologically active molecules and in the construction of aggregation-induced emission compounds.

Antifatigue Effect of Asiaticoside in Mice by Attenuating Oxidative Stress.

BACKGROUND: Asiaticoside is one of the main components of triterpenoid saponins extracted from Centella asiatica. Asiaticoside has shown the effects of wound healing, osteoclastogenesis, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and improving cognition in multiple human disease models. However, studies on the antifatigue effects of asiaticoside have not been explored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential antifatigue effect and underlying mechanism of asiaticoside administration on exhaustive exercise performance. METHODS: Male Kunming mice were divided into four groups randomly (n = 20/group). Saline (10 mL/kg) was administered to the model control group and the other three experimental groups were fed with low (10 mg/kg), medium (20 mg/kg) and high (40 mg/kg) asiaticoside once/daily for 14 days. The antifatigue effect of asiaticoside on mice was estimated by analyzing changes in body weight, weight-loaded swimming time, rotating time, lactic acid, urea nitrogen, liver/muscle glycogen, serumal superoxide dismutase, superoxide dismutase and the liver tissues of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. RESULTS: The results indicated that no significant differences were observed in the body weight of each group (p > 0.05). Compared with the model control group, supplementation of asiaticoside significantly prolonged the weight-loaded swimming time and rotating time; Decreased the blood lactic acid (LA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serumal malonaldehyde (MDA); And increased the content of liver/muscle glycogen and serumal superoxide dismutase levels (SOD) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the pathological results of the liver were improved greatly. The maximal effect was observed in the medium group of 20 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS: Asiaticoside is capable of reducing the fatigue effect by regulating energy consumption, energy metabolism and improving antioxidant activity after exercise. While there are still some shortcomings in this study, our findings provide a scientific basis for developing an asiaticoside-based antifatigue supplement.

Synthesis, Structural Determination, and Antifungal Activity of Novel Fluorinated Quinoline Analogs.

A series of new fluorinated quinoline analogs were synthesized using Tebufloquin as the lead compound, 2-fluoroaniline, ethyl 2-methylacetoacetate, and substituted benzoic acid as raw materials. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. The compound 8-fluoro-2,3-dimethylquinolin-4-yl 4-(tert-butyl)benzoate (2b) was further determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The antifungal activity was tested at 50 µg/mL, and the bioassay results showed that these quinoline derivatives had good antifungal activity. Among them, compounds 2b, 2e, 2f, 2k, and 2n exhibited good activity (>80%) against S. sclerotiorum, and compound 2g displayed good activity (80.8%) against R. solani.

Highly TVB-N sensitive film with CMS as the 'bridge' via electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bond self-assembly for monitoring food freshness in intelligent packaging.

This work aims to develop the novel TVB-N sensitive film for monitoring food freshness. The film was fabricated based on carboxymethyl starch sodium (CMS)/agar (AG) complex and natural pigment, red radish anthocyanins (RRA). However, RRA is highly unstable under high humid conditions for their hydrophily. To immobilize RRA in AG film, we brought up CMS (negative charge) to immobilize RRA (positive charge) via electrostatic attractions and combined CMS and AG via hydrogen bond self-assembly. Zeta potential, Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectra, and X-ray diffraction analysis proved the electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bond self-assembly effect, indicating RRA immobilized effectively. Migration evaluation displayed that RRA remained stable in a high humidity environment (from RH 35%-95%). And its color difference is less than 5% in the low-temperature environment (4 °C). The prepared sensing film was found to be applied to detect the freshness of packaged grass carp and shrimp products. Its colors changed from initial orange-red to light red (3rd day) and then purple (4th day) with the increase of volatile amines inside the packaging. These findings suggested the film can be used as a sensing device for intelligent packaging of protein-rich food.

Synthesis, crystal structure, herbicidal activity and mode of action of new cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid analogues.

A new series of cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic (CPD) acid analogues were designed and synthesized. CPD is an inhibitor of ketol-acid reductoisomerase (KARI), an enzyme of the branched chain amino acid pathway in plants. The structures of CPD analogues were characterized by 1H NMR and HRMS. The structure of N,N'-bis(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxamide was further elucidated by X-ray diffraction. The herbicidal activities of these compounds were tested against lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). Most of these compounds exhibited low herbicidal activity against both plant species. Among them, N,N'-bis(2-ethylphenyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxamide displayed moderate activity against bentgrass. Inhibition of KARI activity by the CPD analogues was also assessed experimentally and by molecular docking simulation with results supporting inhibition of KARI as their mode of action. These results provide the basis for design of more effective KARI inhibitors.

Frontiers and hotspots of 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics: A bibliometric analysis of the published literature.

Objective: To illustrate the knowledge hotspots and cutting-edge research trends of 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics, the knowledge structure of was systematically explored and the visualization map was analyzed. Methods: Studies related to 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics from 2013 to 2021 were identified and selected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) using retrieval formula based on an interview. Bibliometric methods are mainly performed by CiteSpace 5.8.R3, which we use to build knowledge structures including publications, collaborative and co-cited studies, burst analysis, and so on. The performance and relevance of countries, institutions, authors, and journals were measured by knowledge maps. The research foci were analyzed through research of keywords, as well as literature co-citation analysis. Predicting trends of 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics in this field utilizes a citation burst detection method. Results: Through a systematic literature search, 457 articles, which were mainly published in the United States (120 articles) and China (83 articles), were finally included in this study for analysis. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Southern Medical University are the most productive institutions, both with a frequency of 17. 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics-related literature was frequently published with high citation in European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (IF9.236, 2020), Frontiers in Oncology (IF6.244, 2020), and Cancers (IF6.639, 2020). Further cluster profile of keywords and literature revealed that the research hotspots were primarily concentrated in the fields of image, textural feature, and positron emission tomography, and the hot research disease is a malignant tumor. Document co-citation analysis suggested that many scholars have a co-citation relationship in studies related to imaging biomarkers, texture analysis, and immunotherapy simultaneously. Burst detection suggests that adenocarcinoma studies are frontiers in 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics, and the landmark literature put emphasis on the reproducibility of 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics features. Conclusion: First, this bibliometric study provides a new perspective on 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics research, especially for clinicians and researchers providing scientific quantitative analysis to measure the performance and correlation of countries, institutions, authors, and journals. Above all, there will be a continuing growth in the number of publications and citations in the field of 18F-FDG PET/CT. Second, the international research frontiers lie in applying 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics to oncology research. Furthermore, new insights for researchers in future studies will be adenocarcinoma-related analyses. Moreover, our findings also offer suggestions for scholars to give attention to maintaining the reproducibility of 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics features.