Demographic Characteristics and Lifestyle Habits of Chinese Plasma Donors: A Multicenter Study.

BACKGROUND The demand for plasma and plasma products has increased in China, which has a short supply. Compared with whole blood donors, plasma donors and their donation behavior have received less attention. This study aimed to investigate the demographic characteristics and lifestyle habits of Chinese plasma donors. MATERIAL AND METHODS During 2018-2019, information on plasma donors was collected from blood product companies using a 25-item questionnaire, including sex, age, height, weight, blood group, donation frequency, occupation, smoking and drinking, and sleeping and dietary habits. RESULTS Among 15 497 plasma donors, 70.5% were women and 78.5% were aged 46-55 years. Among 4847 plasma donors, the average height of men was 169.5±6.2 cm and the average height of women was 157.0±4.6 cm. In addition, the average weight of men was 67.0±10.4 kg and the average weight of women was 60.0±8.3 kg. The prevalence of obesity (body mass index ≥30.0 kg/m²) of all donors was 14.8%; 14.7% of men were obese, and 15% of women were obese. Among all plasma donors, 88.8% were farmers and 60% were frequent donors with a donation history of at least 5 years. Among all donors, 84.0% did not smoke, 67.3% did not drink, and 95.1% reported good sleep quality. All respondents reported healthy dietary habits. CONCLUSIONS Healthy lifestyle habits considerably affect the health of plasma donors and the quality of source plasma. Chinese plasma donors in this study demonstrated imbalances in terms of characteristics, which became more marked with age.

Plasma proteomic and autoantibody profiles reveal the proteomic characteristics involved in longevity families in Bama, China.

BACKGROUND: Chinese Bama Yao Autonomous County is a well-known longevity region in the world. In the past 30 years, population and genome studies were undertaken to investigate the secret of longevity and showed that longevity is the result of a combination of multiple factors, such as genetic, environmental and other causes. In this study, characteristics of the blood plasma proteomic and autoantibody profiles of people from Bama longevity family were investigated. METHODS: Sixty-six plasma donors from Chinese Bama longevity area were recruited in this study. Thirty-three offsprings of longevous families were selected as case studies (Longevous group) and 33 ABO (blood type), age, and gender-matched subjects from non-longevous families were selected as controls (Normal group). Each group contains 3 biological replicates. Tandem mass tag-based proteomic technique was used to investigate the differentially expressed plasma proteins between the two groups. The auto-reactive IgG antibody profiles of the 3 pooled samples in each group were revealed by human proteome microarrays with 17,000 recombinant human proteins. RESULTS: Firstly, 525 plasma proteins were quantified and 12 proteins were discovered differentially expressed between the two groups. Secondly, more than 500 proteins were recognized by plasma antibodies, 14 proteins ware differentially reacted with the autoantibodies in the two groups. Bioinformatics analysis showed some of the differential proteins and targeted autoantigens were involved in cancer, cardiovascular disease and immunity. CONCLUSIONS: Proteomic and autoantibody profiles varied between the offspring of longevous and normal families which are from the same area and shared the same environmental factors. The identified differences were reported to be involved in several physiological and pathological pathways. The identified proteins will contribute to a better understanding of the proteomic characteristics of people from Bama longevous area and a revelation of the molecular mechanisms of longevity.

TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Proteomic Changes Involved in Longevity.

PURPOSE: Individual lifespans vary widely, and longevity is the main concern from ancient to modern times. This study is aimed to identify plasma proteins associated with longevity by proteomics technique. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Tandem mass tags (TMT)-based proteomics analysis is performed for the plasma of Bama longevity group and a control group to analyze the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). A validation set is used to verify the results of TMT-based proteomics. RESULTS: Between Bama natives and the control individuals, the authors identify 175 DEPs, which are mainly involved in complement and coagulation cascades, metabolism of glyco and lipid, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. Consistent with the proteomic analysis, plasma levels of MMP2, CCL5, and PF4 are significantly lower in Bama participants than in controls, whereas IGFBP2 and C9 increase in Bama individuals, in the validation set. By ROC analysis, combinations of these five proteins result in a high AUC value (0.991, 95% CI, 0.929-1.000, p < 0.0001) to distinguish longevous participants from controls. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results highlight the roles of complement and coagulation cascades, metabolism of glyco and lipid, and inflammatory and immune response may play important roles in longevity. And the DEPs may serve as clinically useful biomarkers for healthy aging and predicting longevity.

Association of Directly Measured Plasma Free 25(OH)D With Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion: The IRAS Family Study.

Objectives: We aimed to compare the associations of directly measured plasma free 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and total 25(OH)D concentrations with insulin sensitivity (SI) and ß-cell function in nondiabetic Hispanics and African Americans. We hypothesized that directly measured free 25(OH)D would be more strongly associated with these measures of glucose homeostasis and that associations would differ by race. Design: We studied 1189 nondiabetic participants in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study Family Study using data from baseline examinations from 2000 to 2002. SI, acute insulin response, and disposition index (DI) were determined from frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests. Plasma free and total 25(OH)D concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay, respectively. Results: The median concentrations of plasma free 25(OH)D were 3.46 pg/mL for Hispanics and 2.17 pg/mL for African Americans (P < 0.0001), whereas the median concentrations of plasma total 25(OH)D were 16 ng/mL for Hispanics and 10 ng/mL for African Americans (P < 0.0001). Plasma free and total 25(OH)D were both positively associated with SI and DI in generalized estimating equations adjusted for demographic and lifestyle factors. After further adjustment with body mass index, the associations were no longer statistically significant, except for a significant association between plasma free 25(OH)D and SI. There was no effect modification by ethnicity on any of the exposure-outcome associations. Conclusions: Our data showed that plasma free 25(OH)D had a slightly stronger association with SI compared with plasma total 25(OH)D, although the difference was modest and there were no marked differences in the associations between Hispanics and African Americans.

Trans-ethnic fine-mapping of genetic loci for body mass index in the diverse ancestral populations of the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) Study reveals evidence for multiple signals at established loci.

Most body mass index (BMI) genetic loci have been identified in studies of primarily European ancestries. The effect of these loci in other racial/ethnic groups is less clear. Thus, we aimed to characterize the generalizability of 170 established BMI variants, or their proxies, to diverse US populations and trans-ethnically fine-map 36 BMI loci using a sample of >102,000 adults of African, Hispanic/Latino, Asian, European and American Indian/Alaskan Native descent from the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology Study. We performed linear regression of the natural log of BMI (18.5-70 kg/m2) on the additive single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at BMI loci on the MetaboChip (Illumina, Inc.), adjusting for age, sex, population stratification, study site, or relatedness. We then performed fixed-effect meta-analyses and a Bayesian trans-ethnic meta-analysis to empirically cluster by allele frequency differences. Finally, we approximated conditional and joint associations to test for the presence of secondary signals. We noted directional consistency with the previously reported risk alleles beyond what would have been expected by chance (binomial p < 0.05). Nearly, a quarter of the previously described BMI index SNPs and 29 of 36 densely-genotyped BMI loci on the MetaboChip replicated/generalized in trans-ethnic analyses. We observed multiple signals at nine loci, including the description of seven loci with novel multiple signals. This study supports the generalization of most common genetic loci to diverse ancestral populations and emphasizes the importance of dense multiethnic genomic data in refining the functional variation at genetic loci of interest and describing several loci with multiple underlying genetic variants.

Benefits of liraglutide treatment in overweight and obese older individuals with prediabetes.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the ability of liraglutide to augment weight loss and improve insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and inflammation in a high-risk population for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and CVD. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We randomized 68 older individuals (mean age, 58±8 years) with overweight/obesity and prediabetes to this double-blind study of liraglutide 1.8 mg versus placebo for 14 weeks. All subjects were advised to decrease calorie intake by 500 kcal/day. Peripheral insulin resistance was quantified by measuring the steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration during the insulin suppression test. Traditional CVD risk factors and inflammatory markers also were assessed. RESULTS: Eleven out of 35 individuals (31%) assigned to liraglutide discontinued the study compared with 6 out of 33 (18%) assigned to placebo (P=0.26). Subjects who continued to use liraglutide (n=24) lost twice as much weight as those using placebo (n=27; 6.8 vs. 3.3 kg; P<0.001). Liraglutide-treated subjects also had a significant improvement in SSPG concentration (-3.2 vs. 0.2 mmol/L; P<0.001) and significantly (P≤0.04) greater lowering of systolic blood pressure (-8.1 vs. -2.6 mmHg), fasting glucose (-0.5 vs. 0 mmol/L), and triglyceride (-0.4 vs. -0.1 mmol/L) concentration. Inflammatory markers did not differ between the two groups, but pulse increased after liraglutide treatment (6.4 vs. -0.9 bpm; P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of liraglutide to calorie restriction significantly augmented weight loss and improved insulin resistance, systolic blood pressure, glucose, and triglyceride concentration in this population at high risk for development of T2DM and CVD.

Estrogen receptor α (ERα) mediates 17ß-estradiol (E2)-activated expression of HBO1.

BACKGROUND: HBO1 (histone acetyltransferase binding to ORC1) is a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) which could exert oncogenic function in breast cancer. However, the biological role and underlying mechanism of HBO1 in breast cancer remains largely unknown. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the role of HBO1 in breast cancer and uncover the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect HBO1 protein expression in breast cancer specimens (n=112). The expression of protein level was scored by integral optical density (IOD) for further statistical analyses using SPSS. Real-time PCR was used to simultaneously measure mRNA levels of HBO1. The HBO1 protein expression in breast cancer cells was confirmed by western blot. RESULTS: HBO1 was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and significantly correlated with estrogen receptor α (ERα) (p<0.001) and progestational hormone (PR) (p=0.002). HBO1 protein level also correlated positively with histology grade in ERα positive tumors (p=0.016) rather than ERα negative tumors. 17ß-estradiol (E2) could upregulate HBO1 gene expression which was significantly inhibited by ICI 182,780 or ERα RNAi. E2-increased HBO1 protein expression was significantly suppressed by treatment with inhibitor of MEK1/2 (U0126) in T47 D and MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS: HBO1 was an important downstream molecule of ERα, and ERK1/2 signaling pathway may involved in the expression of HBO1 increased by E2.

Hepatitis B virus X protein blunts senescence-like growth arrest of human hepatocellular carcinoma by reducing Notch1 cleavage.

UNLABELLED: One of the serious sequelae of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among all the proteins encoded by the HBV genome, hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is highly associated with the development of HCC. Although Notch1 signaling has been found to exert a tumor-suppressive function during HCC development, the mechanism of interaction between HBx expression and Notch1 signaling needs to be explored. In this study, we report that HBx expression in hepatic and hepatoma cells resulted in decreased endogenous protein levels of Notch1 intracellular domain (ICN1) and messenger RNA levels of its downstream target genes. These effects were due to a reduction of Notch1 cleavage by HBx through the suppression of presenilin1 (Psen1) transcription rather than inhibition of Notch1 transcription or its ligands' expression. Through transient HBx expression, decreased ICN1 resulted in enhanced cell proliferation, induced G1-S cell cycle progression, and blunted cellular senescence in vitro. Furthermore, the effect of blunted senescence-like growth arrest by stable HBx expression through suppression of ICN1 was shown in a nude mouse xenograft transplantation model. The correlation of inhibited Psen1-dependent Notch1 signaling and blunted senescence-like growth arrest was also observed in HBV-associated HCC patient tumor samples. CONCLUSION: Our results reveal a novel function of HBx in blunting senescence-like growth arrest by decreasing Notch1 signaling, which could be a putative molecular mechanism mediating HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis.