Distal clavicle fractures treated by anteroinferior plating with a single screw: Two case reports.

BACKGROUND: For the treatment of distal clavicle fractures, each treatment method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and there is no optimal surgical solution. CASE SUMMARY: Based on this, we report 2 cases of distal clavicle fractures treated utilizing an anterior inferior plate with a single screw placed in the distal, in anticipation of providing a better surgical approach to distal clavicle fracture treatment. Two patients were admitted to the hospital after trauma with a diagnosis of distal clavicle fracture, and were admitted to the hospital for internal fixation of clavicle fracture by incision and reduction, with good postoperative functional recovery. CONCLUSION: With solid postoperative fixation and satisfactory prognostic functional recovery, this technique has been shown to be simple, easy to perform and effective.

The influence of decreased salinity levels on the survival, growth and physiology of eelgrass Zostera marina.

Low salinity generally promotes the growth and propagation of temperate seagrasses, but the appropriate range is unclear. We subjected shoots of eelgrass Zostera marina to different salinity levels [10, 15, 20, 25, 30 PSU (control)] for 6 weeks under controlled laboratory conditions. We measured eelgrass responses in terms of survivorship, growth, productivity, leaf pigmentation and carbohydrate concentrations. Survival analysis combined with growth assessment suggested that the optimal salinity range for the propagation of Z. marina shoots was 18-21 PSU. Structural equation model (SEM) analysis indicated that the promotion effect of decreased salinity levels on the survival and growth of Z. marina shoots mainly depended on the increase in chlorophyll content and the accumulation and synthesis of nonstructural carbohydrates. The carotenoid content and soluble sugar content of the aboveground tissues of Z. marina shoots exposed to 20 PSU were 1.1 and 1.6 times higher than those of shoots under the control, respectively. The results will provide valuable data that could prove helpful in the development of efficient artificial propagation technology for Z. marina shoots.

Physalin B reduces Aß secretion through down-regulation of BACE1 expression by activating FoxO1 and inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation.

Physalin B (PB), one of the major active steroidal constituents of Solanaceae Physalis plants, has a wide variety of biological activities. We found that PB significantly down-regulated ß-amyloid (Aß) secretion in N2a/APPsw cells. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In the current study, we investigated the changes in key enzymes involved in ß-amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism and other APP metabolites by treating N2a/APPsw cells with PB at different concentrations. The results indicated that PB reduced Aß secretion, which was caused by down-regulation of ß-secretase (BACE1) expression, as indicated at both the protein and mRNA levels. Further research revealed that PB regulated BACE1 expression by inducing the activation of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) and inhibiting the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). In addition, the effect of PB on BACE1 expression and Aß secretion was reversed by treatment with FoxO1 siRNA and STAT3 antagonist S3I-201. In conclusion, these data demonstrated that PB can effectively down-regulate the expression of BACE1 to reduce Aßsecretion by activating the expression of FoxO1 and inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3.