Apnea obstructiva del sueño valorada con los cuestionarios Epworth y Stop-Bang y su relación con síndrome metabólico / Obstructive sleep apnea assessed with Epworth and Stop-Bang questionnaires and its relationship with metabolic syndrome

Resumen: ANTECEDENTES El síndrome metabólico se define como un grupo de afecciones que implican incremento de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y diabetes tipo 2. Su prevalencia va en aumento y es una prioridad preventiva en la comunidad científica. OBJETIVO cuantificar las horas de sueño y conocer el riesgo de síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño y su relación con síndrome metabólico en trabajadores. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO Estudio epidemiológico transversal, efectuado en trabajadores de la Administración Pública española durante los reconocimientos de vigilancia periódica de la salud de enero a diciembre de 2015. Se valoró el riesgo de síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño mediante los cuestionarios Epworth y Stop-Bang y su influencia en el síndrome metabólico con criterios de la Federación Internacional de Diabetes (IDF) y Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). RESULTADOS Se incluyeron 1110 pacientes; se encontró que el número de horas de sueño no guarda relación con la existencia mayor de síndrome metabólico en población trabajadora. La detección de síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño con la prueba Epworth y con Stop-Bang mostró relación significativa con la existencia de síndrome metabólico con ambos criterios (IDF y ATP III). CONCLUSIONES El mayor riesgo de síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño muestra relación estadística con mayor prevalencia de síndrome metabólico.

Abstract: BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome includes a group of conditions involving an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Its growing prevalence makes it a preventive priority in the scientific community. OBJECTIVE To quantify sleep hours and to know the risk of sleep apnoea detected and the relationship with the metabolic syndrome in workers. MATERIAL AND METHOD An epidemiological cross-sectional study was done in 1110 workers in the Spanish Public Administration during periodic health surveillance from January to December 2015. The risk of presenting nocturnal apnoea was assessed using Epworth and Stop-Bang questionnaires, and their influence on metabolic syndrome with International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria. RESULTS The number of hours of sleep is not related to the greater presence of metabolic syndrome in the working population. The detection of obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnea syndrome with Epworth and Stop-Bang questionnaires showed significant relationship with metabolic syndrome with IDF and ATP III criteria. CONCLUSIONS The highest risk of obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnea syndrome assessed shows statistic relation to a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome.

Alcohol consumption in Spanish mental health patients vs. working population / Consumo de alcohol en España en pacientes de unidades de salud mental versus trabajadores en general

Abstract Introduction: Alcohol consumption has a high prevalence in society and its chronic consumption is one of the main factors related to health condition in an individual, along with other aspects concerning lifestyle. Regarding the health-disease correlation, it is one of the main determinants of health, from an epidemiological point of view, and has been a traditional object of study from different perspectives and in diverse population groups. Objective: To compare consumption patterns and related variables in two different groups: patients in mental health units and workers in general. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study in a population of 1 180 service workers and 304 patients in a mental health unit. Sociodemographic and work aspects, as well as pattern of alcohol consumption were analyzed for both populations. Results: Differences in both groups were observed regarding the number of consumers, quantity of consumption and type of beverages consumed, differences that disappear, in part, when comparing groups of workers of both population samples. Conclusions: Differences in the consumption pattern of both populations lead to different preventive-assistance strategies and to the need for implementing coordinated actions by specific programs among those affected.

Resumen Introducción. El consumo de alcohol tiene una elevada prevalencia en la sociedad y su consumo crónico es uno de los principales factores relacionados con el estado de salud de los individuos, junto a otros aspectos concernientes al estilo de vida. Debido a su importancia, este tema ha sido objeto tradicional de estudio desde diferentes perspectivas epidemiológicas y en diversos colectivos poblacionales. Objetivo. Realizar una comparativa de patrones de consumo y variables relacionadas en dos colectivos diferenciados: pacientes de unidades de salud mental y trabajadores en general. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal realizado en una población de 1 180 trabajadores del sector servicios de la administración pública y 304 pacientes de una unidad de salud mental. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas y laborales y el patrón de consumo de alcohol. Resultados. Existen diferencias en ambos colectivos en cuanto al número de consumidores, cantidad de consumo y tipo de bebidas consumidas, diferencias que desaparecen en parte cuando se comparan colectivos de trabajadores de ambas muestras poblacionales. Conclusiones. Las diferencias en el patrón de consumo de ambas poblaciones orientan hacia actuaciones preventivo-asistenciales distintas en ambos grupos y hacia una necesidad de implementar actuaciones coordinadas entre todos los afectados mediante programas específicos.

Cardiovascular risk and obesity in sleep apnea syndrome assessed with the Stop-Bang questionnaire. / Riesgo cardiovascular y obesidad en el síndrome de apnea del sueño valorado con el cuestionario Stop-Bang.

INTRODUCTION: Sleep disorders include a number of different processes, of which the most prevalent is the sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS). Prevalence of SAHS has increased worldwide, and has a significant social and health impact because of the increased cardiometabolic risk attributed to obesity and the associated metabolic syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional epidemiological study of 1110 workers from public service companies in the Spanish Mediterranean area (Balearic Islands and Valencian Community) was conducted between January and December 2015. Cardiovascular risk was calculated using the Castelli, Kannel and TG/HDL indices, and prevalence of obesity using body mass index, waist circumference, waist-height ratio, and visceral fat. SAHS risk was assessed using the Stop-Bang questionnaire. RESULTS: Risk of SAHS was low in 77% of patients and intermediate-high in 23% of patients. All obesity parameters showed a statistically significant association (p value <.001) with intermediate/high risk of SAHS. Obesity prevalence is higher the worse the quality of sleep. There was a statistically significant relationship between risk of SAHS and cardiovascular risk with the atherogenic indexes found. CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-three percent of workers had intermediate/high SAHS risk. The results of this study support the relationship of SAHS with an increased CVR and with obesity parameters. Further prospective studies in different productive sectors may be useful to confirm the results of this research.

[Alcohol consumption prevalence in civil servants]. / Prevalencia de consumo de alcohol en trabajadores de la función pública.

Alcohol consumption is a concern for its effects on health and repercussions on the work environment. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of alcohol consumption among civil servants and to examine its association with sociodemographic and occupational variables. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1180 workers from January to November 2011. The prevalence of alcohol consumption was measured in ABV (alcohol by volume) units, and examined by sociodemographic and occupational variables (sex, education level, type of work and social class). Overall, 81.78%of the study population consumed alcohol; most were men, with moderate-severe consumption levels. Alcohol consumption was related to low education level, social class, and manual work. These results indicate the need for occupational health services to implement preventive actions at the workplace.

El consumo de alcohol constituye una preocupación por sus efectos en salud, y su repercusión en el medio laboral. El objetivo de este trabajo es estimar la prevalencia de consumo de alcohol en trabajadores del sector público y establecer su relación con variables sociodemográficas y laborales. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 1180 trabajadores desde enero a noviembre de 2011. Se calculó la prevalencia de consumo cuantificado en UBE según variables sociodemográficas y laborales (sexo, nivel educativo, tipo de trabajo y clase social). El 81,78% de la muestra es consumidora de alcohol, mayoritariamente hombres con niveles de consumo moderado-severo. Se relaciona el consumo con el bajo nivel educativo, clase social y tipo de trabajo manual. Los resultados nos indican la necesidad de llevar a cabo actuaciones preventivas en el medio laboral desde los servicios de prevención.

[Evaluation of hearing loss parameters in workers and its relationship with fasting blood glucose levels]. / Evaluación de los parámetros de hipoacusia laboral en trabajadores activos y su relación con los niveles de glucemia basal.

INTRODUCTION: Hearing loss due to noise is considered within the prevention plans of the most common occupational diseases. In addition to evaluation of working conditions, other personal factors increasing the risk of hypoacusis, such as diabetes, should be taken into account. OBJECTIVES: To explore hearing loss in the workplace and its relationship to impaired fasting baseline blood glucose levels. METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional study enrolling 1636 workers from service companies was conducted. Full audiometric evaluation was performed at different frequencies: high frequency (HF), early loss index (ELI), speech average loss (SAL), and monaural and binaural loss. Results were categorized by baseline blood glucose levels: G1 (<100mg/dl), G2 (100-125mg/dl), and G3 (>125mg/dl). RESULTS: Based on both HF and ELI, 11% of workers had clear indication of deafness. Women with G3 levels showed significant differences in the results of HF and ELI indexes as compared to the G1 group (P=.038 and .046, respectively). A positive association was found between hearing loss and G3 blood glucose levels in HF (OR: .338; p=.002), ELI (OR: .407; p=.007), and the monaural test in the left ear (OR: 4.77×10-5; p=.006). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the methodological limitations of this study, there is evidence for an increased risk of high frequency hearing loss in workers with high baseline blood glucose levels.