Uso dos antifúngicos no tratamento da candidíase vulvovaginal: uma revisão integrativa / Use of antifungals in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis: an integrative review

Objective: To identify scientific evidence available in the literature and analyze the action of antifungal drugs used for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Methods:Integrative literature review conducted in the databases Medline/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SCOPUS and VHL; with the descriptors "woman", "antifungal agents"; "vulvovaginal candidiasis". Results:Ten scientific articles published between 1983 and 2020 were obtained. Of these, four were developed in Iran; followed by Mexico, England, Taiwan, Thailand, Denmark, and the United States. In terms of methodological design, most studies are clinical trials (n=8), and two are cross-sectional studies. Regarding the level of evidence, eight are level II, and only two investigations are level IV. Concerning the antifungal drugs used in the treatment, there was a predominance of clotrimazole (n=4; efficacy ranging from 42.4% to 98.3%), followed by econazole (n=2; efficacy between 39% and 89%), combined or not with another antifungal drug. Conclusion: The use of clotrimazole stands out, as it is highly effective in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. This study contributes to the advancement of knowledge and improvement of the clinical practice of nursing and other health professionals. It is expected that these results will encourage further studies and update clinical practices.Descriptors:Women;Antifungal Agents;Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal

Objective: To identify scientific evidence available in the literature and analyze the action of antifungal drugs used for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Methods: Integrative literature review conducted in the databases Medline/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SCOPUS and VHL; with the descriptors "woman", "antifungal agents"; "vulvovaginal candidiasis". Results:Ten scientific articles published between 1983 and 2020 were obtained. Of these, four were developed in Iran; followed by Mexico, England, Taiwan, Thailand, Denmark, and the United States. In terms of methodological design, most studies are clinical trials (n=8), and two are cross-sectional studies. Regarding the level of evidence, eight are level II, and only two investigations are level IV. Concerning the antifungal drugs used in the treatment, there was a predominance of clotrimazole (n=4; efficacy ranging from 42.4% to 98.3%), followed by econazole (n=2; efficacy between 39% and 89%), combined or not with another antifungal drug. Conclusion:The use of clotrimazole stands out, as it is highly effective in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. This study contributes to the advancement of knowledge and improvement of the clinical practice of nursing and other health professionals. It is expected that these results will encourage further studies and update clinical practices.Descriptors:Women;Antifungal Agents;Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal

Potential of root acid phosphatase activity to reduce phosphorus fertilization in maize cultivated in Brazil.

It is urgent to mitigate the environmental impacts resulting from agriculture, especially in highly biodiverse and threatened areas, as the Brazilian Cerrado. We aim to investigate whether root acid phosphatase activity is alternative plant strategies for nutrient acquisition in maize genotypes cultivated under fertilized and unfertilized conditions in Brazil, potentially contributing to reducing the use of phosphate fertilizers needed for production. Three experiments were performed: the first was conducted in a glasshouse, with 17 experimental maize inbred lines and two phosphorus (P) treatments; the second in the field, with three maize inbred lines and two treatments, one without fertilization and another with NPK fertilization; and the third was also carried out in the field, with 13 commercial hybrids, grown either under NK or under NPK treatment. Plant variables were measured and tested for the response to fertilization, differences amongst genotypes and response to root acid phosphatase activity. The activity of root acid phosphatase was modulated by the availability of P and nitrogen (N) in the soil and promoted grain filling of commercial hybrids in soils with low P availability. These results demonstrate that it is possible to select genotypes that are more adapted to low soil P availability aiming at organic production, or to use genotypes that have high phosphatase activity under P fertilization to reduce the amount of added P needed for maize production in Brazil.

Clinical and histopathological study of a hollow and posteriorly multiperforated polymethylmethacrylate implant in eviscerated rabbit eyes.

PURPOSE: The study aimed to evaluate the clinical and tissue response to a hollow polymethylmethacrylate orbital implant with a multiperforated posterior surface in an animal model after evisceration. METHODS: Sixteen New Zealand rabbits had their right eye eviscerated. All animals received a hollow polymethylmethacrylate implant 12 mm in diameter that is multiperforated in its posterior hemisphere. The animals were divided into four groups, and each one had the eye exenterated at 7, 30, 90, and 180 days post-evisceration. Clinical signs were assessed daily for 14 days post-evisceration and then every 7 days until 180 days. Inflammatory pattern, collagen structure, and degree of neovascularization generated with implant placement were analyzed with hematoxylin-eosin, picrosirius red, and immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS: There were no signs of infection, conjunctival or scleral thinning, or implant exposure or extrusion in any animal during the study. On day 7, the new tissue migrated into the implant and formed a fibrovascular network through the posterior channels. Inflammatory response reduced over time, and no multinuclea-ted giant cells were found at any time. CONCLUSION: Hollow polymethylmethacrylate orbital implants with a multiperforated posterior surface enable rapid integration with orbital tissues by fibrovascular ingrowth. We believe that this orbital implant model can be used in research on humans.

Clinical and histopathological study of a hollow and posteriorly multiperforated polymethylmethacrylate implant in eviscerated rabbit eyes / Análise clínica e histopatológica de um implante de polimetilmetacrilato oco e multiperfurado em sua porção posterior em olhos eviscerados de coelhos

ABSTRACT Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the clinical and tissue response to a hollow polymethylmethacrylate orbital implant with a multiperforated posterior surface in an animal model after evisceration. Methods: Sixteen New Zealand rabbits had their right eye eviscerated. All animals received a hollow polymethylmethacrylate implant 12 mm in diameter that is multiperforated in its posterior hemisphere. The animals were divided into four groups, and each one had the eye exenterated at 7, 30, 90, and 180 days post-evisceration. Clinical signs were assessed daily for 14 days post-evisceration and then every 7 days until 180 days. Inflammatory pattern, collagen structure, and degree of neovascularization generated with implant placement were analyzed with hematoxylin-eosin, picrosirius red, and immunohistochemistry staining. Results: There were no signs of infection, conjunctival or scleral thinning, or implant exposure or extrusion in any animal during the study. On day 7, the new tissue migrated into the implant and formed a fibrovascular network through the posterior channels. Inflammatory response reduced over time, and no multinuclea­ted giant cells were found at any time. Conclusion: Hollow polymethylmethacrylate orbital implants with a multiperforated posterior surface enable rapid integration with orbital tissues by fibrovascular ingrowth. We believe that this orbital implant model can be used in research on humans.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a resposta tecidual e clínica a um implante orbitário de polimetilmetacrilato, oco e multiperfu­rado em sua porção posterior em modelo animal após evisceração. Métodos: Dezesseis coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia foram submetidos à evisceração do globo ocular direito. Todos receberam implante oco de polimetilmetacrilato de 12 mm de diâmetro, multiperfurado em sua semiesfera posterior. O estudo foi dividido em avaliação clínica e histopatológica. A avaliação clínica foi diária até 14 dias pós-evisceração e, a cada sete dias, até completar 180 dias. Os animais foram divididos em grupos de quatro animais e cada um foi submetido à exenteração com 07, 30, 90 e 180 dias e depois à eutanásia. A análise histopatológica teve por fim caracterizar o padrão inflamatório, a estrutura do colágeno e o grau de neovascularização. Para isso, além da tradicional coloração pela hematoxilina-eosina, utilizou-se o corante Picrosirius Red (PSR) e imuno-histoquímica com o marcador CD 34. Resultados: Não houve sinais de infecção, afinamento conjuntival ou escleral, exposição ou extrusão do implante em nenhum animal durante o estudo. Já no sétimo dia, o tecido neoformado migrou para dentro do implante formando uma rede fibrovascular através dos canais posteriores. A resposta inflamatória diminuiu ao longo do tempo avaliado e não foram encontradas células gigantes multinucleadas. Conclusão: O implante analisado permite a sua integração aos tecidos orbitários pelo crescimento fibrovascular em seu interior. Os autores acreditam que este modelo de implante orbital pode fazer parte de testes com humanos.

Neurobiological substrates of chronic low back pain (CLBP): a brain [99mTc]Tc-ECD SPECT study.

BACKGROUND: Recent neuroimaging studies have demonstrated pathological mechanisms related to cerebral neuroplasticity in chronic low back pain (CLBP). Few studies have compared cerebral changes between patients with and without pain in the absence of an experimentally induced stimulus. We investigated the neurobiological substrates associated with chronic low back pain using [99mTc]Tc-ECD brain SPECT and correlated rCBF findings with the numeric rating scale (NRS) of pain and douleur neuropathique en 4 questions (DN4). Ten healthy control volunteers and fourteen patients with neuropathic CLBP due to lumbar disc herniation underwent cerebral SPECT scans. A quantitative comparison of rCBF findings between patients and controls was made using the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM), revealing clusters of voxels with a significant increase or decrease in rCBF. The intensity of CLBP was assessed by NRS and by DN4. RESULTS: The results demonstrated an rCBF increase in clusters A (occipital and posterior cingulate cortex) and B (right frontal) and a decrease in cluster C (superior parietal lobe and middle cingulate cortex). NRS scores were inversely and moderately correlated with the intensity of rCBF increase in cluster B, but not to rCBF changes in clusters A and C. DN4 scores did not correlate with rCBF changes in all three clusters. CONCLUSIONS: This study will be important for future therapeutic studies that aim to validate the association of rCBF findings with the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of therapeutic challenges in pain.

Barriers and facilitators of domain-specific physical activity: a systematic review of reviews.

BACKGROUND: Knowing what facilitates and hinders physical activity behaviour across domains (leisure, travel, work or education, and household) is central for the development of actions for more active lifestyles. Thus, the aim of this systematic review of reviews was to summarize the evidence on barriers and facilitators of domain-specific physical activity. METHODS: We included systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis that investigated the association between modifiable barriers and facilitators and levels of domain-specific physical activity. Reviews published until September 2020 were retrieved from PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Regional Library of Medicine (BIREME), and PsycNET, and from the reference list of selected articles. Each review was screened by two independent reviewers for eligibility. Data extracted from selected papers included methodological aspects (number of primary studies, study designs, and age groups); physical activity domains and barriers and facilitators investigated; and direction of association. For each pair of barrier/facilitator and domain-specific physical activity, we recorded the number of positive, negative, and null associations reported across reviews. Quality assessment of each systematic review was performed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. RESULTS: Forty-four systematic reviews were selected. The evidence base was largest for leisure-time followed by travel-related physical activity. A very small number of reviews included physical activity in work, educational and domestic settings. Across all physical activity domains, factors related to the built environment were more abundant in the reviews than intra and interpersonal factors. Very consistent positive associations were observed between a range of intrapersonal factors and leisure-time physical activity, as well as moderately consistent evidence of positive association for general social support and support from family members. Evidence of moderate consistency was found for the positive association between transport-related physical activity and positive beliefs about consequences, walkability, and existence of facilities that support active travel. Evidence on barriers and facilitators for physical activity at work, educational, and domestic settings was limited in volume and consistency. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts and resources are required to diversify and strength the evidence base on barriers and facilitators of domain-specific physical activity, as it is still limited and biased towards the leisure domain and built environment factors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42020209710.

Fluorine Atoms on C6H5-Corrole Affect the Interaction with Mpro and PLpro Proteases of SARS-CoV-2: Molecular Docking and 2D-QSAR Approaches.

The chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro, also known as main protease-Mpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been used as the main targets for screening potential synthetic inhibitors for posterior in vitro evaluation of the most promising compounds. In this sense, the present work reports for the first time the evaluation of the interaction between Mpro/PLpro with a series of 17 porphyrin analogues-corrole (C1), meso-aryl-corrole (C2), and 15 fluorinated-meso-aryl-corrole derivatives (C3-C17) via molecular docking calculations. The impact of fluorine atoms on meso-aryl-corrole structure was also evaluated in terms of binding affinity and physical-chemical properties by two-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (2D-QSAR). The presence of phenyl moieties increased the binding capacity of corrole for both proteases and depending on the position of fluorine atoms might impact positively or negatively the binding capacity. For Mpro the para-fluorine atoms might decrease drastically the binding capacity, while for PLpro there was a certain increase in the binding affinity of fluorinated-corroles with the increase of fluorine atoms into meso-aryl-corrole structure mainly from tri-fluorinated insertions. The 2D-QSAR models indicated two separated regions of higher and lower affinity for Mpro:C1-C17 based on dual electronic parameters (σI and σR), as well as one model was obtained with a correlation between the docking score value of Mpro:C2-C17 and the corresponding 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the sp2 carbon atoms (δC-1 and δC-2) of C2-C17. Overall, the fluorinated-meso-aryl-corrole derivatives showed favorable in silico parameters as potential synthetic compounds for future in vitro assays on the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication.

Barreiras e facilitadores para a prática de atividade física em diferentes domínios no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática / Barriers and facilitators for physical activity domains in Brazil: a systematic review

Resumo O objetivo foi revisar sistematicamente as evidências científicas sobre as barreiras e os facilitadores para a prática de atividade física (AF) na população brasileira, considerando os diferentes domínios (lazer, deslocamento, trabalho/estudo e tarefas domésticas). A busca foi conduzida nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, BIREME/LILACS e APA PsycNET, considerando o período de 2010 a 2020. Posteriormente, foi incluída a busca na Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física e Saúde. O processo de seleção consistiu na leitura de títulos e resumos, seguida de textos na íntegra. A avaliação foi realizada por pares e, mediante discrepância, um terceiro revisor era consultado. O domínio do lazer e as barreiras e os facilitadores ambientais foram os mais investigados nos 78 artigos incluídos. Houve consistência nas associações positivas de seis diferentes facilitadores pessoais e sociais para o lazer e um fator ambiental para o deslocamento. Encontrou-se um número reduzido de investigações sobre os domínios de trabalho/estudo e tarefas domésticas, sendo importante o incentivo a futuras investigações acerca das barreiras e dos facilitadores pessoais e sociais relacionados à AF de deslocamento.

Abstract This study aimed to systematically review scientific evidence on the barriers and facilitators of physical activity (PA) among the Brazilian population, considering different domains (leisure, travel, work/study, and household). The search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS, BIREME/LILACS, and APA PsycNET databases and was limited to papers published between 2010 and 2020. A manual search of the Brazilian Journal of Physical Activity & Health was also conducted. The selection process consisted of screening titles and abstracts, followed by the analysis of full texts. Each paper was assessed by two independent reviewers, and when discrepancies arose, a third reviewer was consulted. Leisure, environmental barriers and facilitators were the most investigated domains in the 78 included studies. There was consistency in the positive associations between six different intrapersonal and social facilitators for leisure PA and one environmental factor for travel. There have been a small number of investigations on the work/study and household domains, and future investigations on intrapersonal and social barriers and facilitators in the travel domain are important.

Barriers and facilitators for physical activity domains in Brazil: a systematic review. / Barreiras e facilitadores para a prática de atividade física em diferentes domínios no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática.

This study aimed to systematically review scientific evidence on the barriers and facilitators of physical activity (PA) among the Brazilian population, considering different domains (leisure, travel, work/study, and household). The search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS, BIREME/LILACS, and APA PsycNET databases and was limited to papers published between 2010 and 2020. A manual search of the Brazilian Journal of Physical Activity & Health was also conducted. The selection process consisted of screening titles and abstracts, followed by the analysis of full texts. Each paper was assessed by two independent reviewers, and when discrepancies arose, a third reviewer was consulted. Leisure, environmental barriers and facilitators were the most investigated domains in the 78 included studies. There was consistency in the positive associations between six different intrapersonal and social facilitators for leisure PA and one environmental factor for travel. There have been a small number of investigations on the work/study and household domains, and future investigations on intrapersonal and social barriers and facilitators in the travel domain are important.

O objetivo foi revisar sistematicamente as evidências científicas sobre as barreiras e os facilitadores para a prática de atividade física (AF) na população brasileira, considerando os diferentes domínios (lazer, deslocamento, trabalho/estudo e tarefas domésticas). A busca foi conduzida nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, BIREME/LILACS e APA PsycNET, considerando o período de 2010 a 2020. Posteriormente, foi incluída a busca na Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física e Saúde. O processo de seleção consistiu na leitura de títulos e resumos, seguida de textos na íntegra. A avaliação foi realizada por pares e, mediante discrepância, um terceiro revisor era consultado. O domínio do lazer e as barreiras e os facilitadores ambientais foram os mais investigados nos 78 artigos incluídos. Houve consistência nas associações positivas de seis diferentes facilitadores pessoais e sociais para o lazer e um fator ambiental para o deslocamento. Encontrou-se um número reduzido de investigações sobre os domínios de trabalho/estudo e tarefas domésticas, sendo importante o incentivo a futuras investigações acerca das barreiras e dos facilitadores pessoais e sociais relacionados à AF de deslocamento.

Anatomical post: a simple and safe alternative

Objective: To describe a clinical case that called for an anatomical post to be made to support and retain an indirect restoration in the anterior tooth. Case report: A 72-year-old female patient came to the office complaining that the crown of tooth 22 had come loose. A clinical and radiographic examination of element 22 was performed, and showed a very broad root canal, total displacement of the cast metal crown-core set, and satisfactory endodontic treatment. The restorative planning for this patient included the making of an anatomical post from Exacto # 2 fiberglass post (Angelus, Brazil), and refilling it with Bulk One composite resin (3M, USA), using self-adhesive resin cement U200 (3M, USA). The reconstruction of the coronary portion of the post was also performed with the same composite resin (Bulk One 3M, USA). The preparation for full crown and temporary restoration was performed in the same session, using self-curing acrylic resin. The all-ceramic crown was molded and cemented in subsequent sessions. Conclusion: The use of anatomical posts with composite resin represents a technically viable alternative for rehabilitating endodontically treated teeth with wide root canals, in cases where conventional prefabricated fiber posts cannot be adapted easily. The advantages that stand out are that these posts can be applied easily, at low cost, and in a single session.

Objetivo: Descrever um caso clínico de confecção do pino anatômico para suporte e retenção de restauração indireta em dente anterior. Relato do Caso: Paciente feminina, 72 anos, compareceu ao consultório queixando-se que a coroa do dente 22 havia "soltado". Realizou-se exame clínico e radiográfico do elemento 22, que apresentou conduto radicular bastante amplo, deslocamento total do conjunto núcleo/coroa e tratamento endodôntico satisfatório. O planejamento restaurador para essa paciente incluiu a confecção de pino anatômico, com pino de fibra de vidro Exato #2(Angelus, Brasil) reembasado com resina composta Bulk One (3M, EUA), utilizando o cimento resinoso autoadesivo U200 (3M, EUA). Foi realizada a reconstrução da porção coronária do pino também com resina composta do tipo Bulk. Realizou-se, na mesma sessão de atendimento, o preparo para coroa total e restauração provisória utilizando dente de estoque e resinaacrílica autopolimerizável. Em sessões seguintes foi realizada a moldagem e cimentação da coroa total em cerâmica pura. Conclusão: A utilização de pinos anatômicos com resina composta representa uma alternativa tecnicamente viável, de fácil aplicabilidade, com baixo custo e em única sessão, para reabilitação de dentes tratados endodonticamente com conduto radicular onde os pinos em fibra pré-fabricados convencionais não apresentam boa adaptação.

Quality of systematic reviews of COVID-19 in people with diabetes: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the methodological quality of published systematic reviews of factors associated with COVID-19 in people with diabetes. METHOD: Systematic review with registration protocol in PROSPERO, under the number CRD42020222418. Searches were carried out from October to November 2020 in the databases of the MedLine, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs, Embase and Cochrane libraries, in addition to searching the reference list of the selected studies. Systematic review studies with or without meta-analysis and without date and language restrictions were included. Data were extracted in a standardized way and the quality of the studies was assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews scale. RESULTS: Twelve reviews, published between 2020 and 2021, with a predominance of the English language, systematic reviews of observational studies with meta-analysis with a sample ranging from six to 83 studies, were included. Regarding financing, most of the study reported did not receive this type of support. Regarding to the assessment of the methodological quality of the studies, three were of moderate quality, five were classified as low quality and three with critically low quality. CONCLUSIONS: The analyzed articles presented a bias in the preparation of reports on their studies, suggesting the need to use mechanisms to improve adherence to the established reporting guidelines and methodological evaluation tools.

[Quality of systematic reviews of COVID-19 in people with diabetes: A systematic review]. / Calidad de las revisiones sistemáticas de COVID-19 en personas con diabetes: una revisión sistemática.

Objective: To investigate the methodological quality of published systematic reviews of factors associated with COVID-19 in people with diabetes. Method: Systematic review with registration protocol in PROSPERO, under the number CRD42020222418. Searches were carried out from October to November 2020 in the databases of the Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, Embase and Cochrane Library, in addition to searching the reference list of the selected studies. Systematic review studies with or without meta-analysis and without date and language restrictions were included. Data were extracted in a standardized way and the quality of the studies was assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews scale. Results: Twelve reviews, published between 2020 and 2021, with a predominance of the English language, systematic reviews of observational studies with meta-analysis with a sample ranging from 6 to 83 studies, were included. Regarding financing, most of the study reported did not receive this type of support. Regarding to the assessment of the methodological quality of the studies, 3 were of moderate quality, 5 were classified as low quality and 3 with critically low quality. Conclusions: The analyzed articles presented a bias in the preparation of reports on their studies, suggesting the need to use mechanisms to improve adherence to the established reporting guidelines and methodological evaluation tools.

Hydrolytic enzyme production from açai palm (Euterpe precatoria) endophytic fungi and characterization of the amylolytic and cellulolytic extracts.

Enzymes are biocatalysts that are widely used in different industries and generate billions of dollars annually. With the advancement of biotechnology, new enzymatic sources are being evaluated, especially microbial ones, in order to find efficient producers. Endophytic fungi are promising sources of biomolecules; however, Amazonian species are still poorly studied as to their enzymatic production potential. In this sense, the production of hydrolases (amylases, lipases, cellulases and pectinases) was evaluated in endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves, roots and stems of açai palms (Euterpe precatoria). A qualitative test was carried out to detect the enzymatic synthesis in each isolate, and the most promising ones were cultivated using submerged fermentation. The enzyme extracts were quantified to determine those with the greatest activity. Cellulolytic and amylolytic extracts showed the highest enzymatic activities and were partially characterized. Among 50 isolates, 82.9% produced pectinase, 58.5% produced cellulase, 31.7% produced amylase, and 12.2% produced lipase. Penicillium sp. L3 was the best producer of amylase and Colletotrichum sp. S1 was the best producer of cellulase in liquid medium cultivation. The amylolytic extract showed the highest enzymatic activity at pH 8.0 and 45 °C, and the cellulolytic extract at pH 5.0 and 35 °C. The cellulase and amylase produced by the endophytes had their molecular masses estimated between 38 and 76 kDa. These results indicate that endophytic fungi from the açai palm can be used as a new source of hydrolytic enzymes, which can be applied in numerous biotechnological processes.

Much more than hooked: Setal adaptations for camouflage in Macrocoeloma trispinosum (Latreille, 1825) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura).

Several majoid crabs are known to adhere exogenous materials to their bodies, a behaviour called decoration. Until now, the adhesion of exogenous materials to the body is most attributed to the well-known hooked setae. Here, we analysed the carapace of Macrocoeloma trispinosum (Latreille, 1825) under light and electron microscopy to study the different mechanisms allowing majoid crabs to decorate themselves. Five setal types are described here, of which four for the first time: velvet type I, velvet type II, depressa and cattail seta. These setae are morphologically and histologically detailed, and new hypotheses about the fixation of exogenous material on the carapace are explored. M. trispinosum has a complex setal apparatus for the adhesion of the decoration, with tegumental ducts along the shaft of most setae. These tegumental ducts are connected to glands formed by large cells arranged radially (rosette or acini) at the base of the setae, in the connective tissue, just below the epithelium. We could observe these glands in different stages of maturation, and no valve-like structure was observed, which may indicate a continuous flow of protein secretion that could serve as an adhesive substance found in the apex of most setae. This is the first record indicating a potential chemical adhesion mechanism aiding the masking process in decorator crabs.

The intellectual profile of pediatric patients with posterior cortex epilepsy.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive functioning in epileptic syndromes has been widely explored in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), but few studies have investigated the neuropsychological profile in posterior cortex epilepsy (PCE). In this study, we investigated the presurgical intellectual profile of children and adolescents with drug-resistant PCE. METHODS: Children and adolescents diagnosed with PCE (n = 25) participated in this study. The data were obtained from medical records, with assessments carried out between the years 2003 and 2019. To compare the intellectual profile, we also included patients diagnosed with frontal (n = 26) and temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 40). The Wechsler Intelligence Scales were used for the assessment of general intelligence. RESULTS: There was an effect of the brain region on the Working Memory Index (p < 0.01), in which patients with TLE had significantly higher scores than groups with FLE (p < 0.01) and PCE (p < 0.05). We also demonstrated that patients with PCE tended to perform worse in the Processing Speed Index than patients with TLE (p = 0.055). The Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient, Verbal Comprehension, and Perceptual Reasoning indexes did not differ among the brain regions. CONCLUSIONS: Children and adolescents with PCE demonstrated significant impairment in working memory and processing speed. The pattern of cognitive dysfunction in PCE was similar to that observed in FLE, which expands the evidence of the involvement of frontoparietal networks on cognitive proficiency.

Effects of long-term exercise and a high-fat diet on synovial fluid metabolomics and joint structural phenotypes in mice: an integrated network analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To explore how systemic factors that modify knee osteoarthritis risk are connected to 'whole-joint' structural changes by evaluating the effects of high-fat diet and wheel running exercise on synovial fluid (SF) metabolomics. METHODS: Male mice were fed a defined control or high-fat (60% kcal fat) diet from 6 to 52 weeks of age, and half the animals were housed with running wheels from 26 to 52 weeks of age (n = 9-13 per group). Joint tissue structure and osteoarthritis pathology were evaluated by histology and micro-computed tomography. Systemic metabolic and inflammatory changes were evaluated by body composition, glucose tolerance testing, and serum biomarkers. SF metabolites were analyzed by high performance-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. We built correlation-based network models to evaluate the connectivity between systemic and local metabolic biomarkers and osteoarthritis structural pathology within each experimental group. RESULTS: High-fat diet caused moderate osteoarthritis, including cartilage pathology, synovitis and increased subchondral bone density. In contrast, voluntary exercise had a negligible effect on these joint structure components. 1,412 SF metabolite features were detected, with high-fat sedentary mice being the most distinct. Diet and activity uniquely altered SF metabolites attributed to amino acids, lipids, and steroids. Notably, high-fat diet increased network connections to systemic biomarkers such as interleukin-1ß and glucose intolerance. In contrast, exercise increased local joint-level network connections, especially among subchondral bone features and SF metabolites. CONCLUSION: Network mapping showed that obesity strengthened SF metabolite links to blood glucose and inflammation, whereas exercise strengthened SF metabolite links to subchondral bone structure.

Growth and survival of the native oyster Crassostrea gasar cultured under different stocking densities in two grow-out systems in tropical climate / [Crescimento e sobrevivência da ostra nativa Crassostrea gasar cultivada em diferentes densidades em dois sistemas em clima tropical]

Survival and growth of the native oyster Crassostrea gasar along the juvenile and adult phases were evaluated in three different stocking densities [low (D), medium (2D) and high (3D)] and in two grow-out systems (fixed and floating system). The fixed system consisted of a rack made with PVC, fixed from the bottom with wood sticks. The floating system consisted of floating bags suspended by a rack made with PVC and maintained submerged from the seawater surface by eight floats. Survival and shell height of oysters cultured after 30, 60 and 90 days were registered in each phase and in each grow-out system. Results showed that the grow-out system did not affect survival and growth of C. gasar in the juvenile and adult phases. The tested densities affected the survival of oysters cultured over time in both phases but did not affect oyster growth. At times analyzed, it was observed positive growth in juvenile oysters grow after 90 days of culture. However, in the adult phase, no growth was observed after 90 days of culture. Oyster yield was higher in the density 3D, in both juvenile and adult phases. These findings contributed to the development of the oyster C. gasar culture.(AU)

A sobrevivência e o crescimento da ostra nativa Crassostrea gasar nas fases juvenil e adulta foram avaliados sob três diferentes densidades de estocagem [baixa (D), média (2D) e alta (3D)] e dois sistemas de engorda (fixo e flutuante). O sistema fixo consistiu em uma mesa de PVC, fixada na parte inferior com varas de madeira. O sistema flutuante consistiu em travesseiros flutuantes suspensos por uma mesa de PVC e mantidas submersas da superfície da água do mar por oito flutuadores. Registraram-se sobrevivência e altura da concha de ostras cultivadas após 30, 60 e 90 dias, em cada fase (juvenil e adulta) e em cada sistema (fixo e flutuante). Os resultados mostraram que o sistema de engorda não afetou a sobrevivência e o crescimento de C. gasar nas fases juvenil e adulta. As densidades testadas afetaram a sobrevivência das ostras ao longo do tempo, em ambas as fases, mas não afetaram o crescimento em altura. Nos tempos analisados, ostras juvenis apresentaram crescimento após 90 dias de cultivo. Porém, na fase adulta, não foi observado crescimento após 90 dias de cultivo. A produção de ostras, foi maior na densidade 3D, nas fases juvenil e adulta. Os presentes achados contribuíram para o desenvolvimento do cultivo da ostra C. gasar.(AU)

Outcome of carpal tunnel release surgery in patients with and without Linburg-Comstock anomaly.

Anatomical variations may entail increased volume within the carpal tunnel and consequently the development of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) symptoms. The clinical importance of anomalous connection between the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendons was described by Linburg and Comstock. The objective of the present study was to compare postoperative outcomes of carpal tunnel release surgery in patients with and without Linburg-Comstock anomaly (LCA). Hands of CTS patients with and without LCA were evaluated for finger sensitivity, grip, tip, key and tripod pinch strength, pain intensity and Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire score. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery. Forty-six hands in 36 CTS patients with LCA and 50 hands in 38 patients without LCA were included. On all study parameters, no significant difference was found between CTS patients with versus without LCA. As outcomes are similar in both cases, LCA resection is not useful in patients with LCA and CTS. Preoperative diagnosis is unnecessary and screening for LCA is non-contributive for CTS evaluation.

Validade e clareza dos conceitos e terminologias do Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira / Validity and Clarity of the Concepts and Terminologies of the Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population

Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a validade e a clareza dos conceitos e terminologias adotados na elaboração do Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira (Guia). O Grupo de Trabalho Domínios da Atividade Física (GT Domínios) conduziu a avaliação da validade e da clareza dos conceitos e terminologias relacionados a atividade física (AF), comportamento sedentário, domínios (tempo livre, deslocamento, trabalho ou estudo e tarefas domésticas) e intensidades da AF (leve, moderada e vigorosa), em três etapas: 1- Proposição dos conceitos; 2- Escuta com pesquisadores (dois momen-tos); 3- Consulta pública. Os conceitos propostos pelo GT Domínios foram baseados em guias in-ternacionais, artigos científicos, relatórios nacionais e conhecimentos técnico-científicos-acadêmicos dos integrantes do GT Domínios, discutidos em reuniões (etapa 1). Na escuta com pesquisadores (etapa 2) foram testadas a validade e a clareza dos conceitos em dois momentos. Participaram 70 e 40 pesquisadores vinculados aos outros GT do Guia no primeiro e segundo momentos, respectiva-mente. Em ambas as escutas, todos os conceitos apresentaram índice de concordância para validade e clareza igual ou superior a 80%. As sugestões convergentes indicadas na etapa 2 foram incluídas e novas versões dos conceitos foram disponibilizadas para a terceira etapa (consulta pública) realizada pelo Ministério da Saúde. Foram realizadas 14 sugestões relacionadas aos conceitos que foram aceitas e incorporadas ao texto do Guia, quando pertinentes. Conclui-se que os conceitos e terminologias relacionados a AF propostos pelo GT Domínios para compor o Guia, após a avaliação de pesquisa-dores especialistas e da população consultada, são válidos e claros

We evaluated the validity and clarity of the concepts and terminologies adopted to develop the Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population (Guidelines). The Physical Activity Domains Working Group (Domains WG) assessed the validity and clarity of the following concepts: physical activity, seden-tary behavior, PA domains (free time, commuting, work or study, and domestic tasks) and intensities (light, moderate and vigorous). The concepts were evaluated in three stages: 1- Concept proposition; 2- Expert consultation (two steps); 3- Public consultation. The concepts proposed by the Domains WG were based on international guidelines, scientific articles, official documents from the Ministry of Health, and techni-cal-scientific-academic knowledge of the Domains WG members, discussed in a series of meetings (stage 1). In the second stage (expert consultation), validity and clarity of the concepts were tested on two occasions. Seventy and forty researchers working in the other Guidelines WGs contributed to first and second steps, respectively. In both occasions, validity and clarity agreement were equal to or greater than 80% for all concepts. Suggestions provided in step 2 were adopted, and new versions of the concepts were made available for the third step, a public consultation carried out by the Ministry of Health. Fourteen suggestions related to the concepts were made and, when relevant, included in the Guidelines. According to the assessment and suggestions by experts and members of the public, the concepts and terminologies proposed by the Domains WG for the Guidelines are valid and clear

Common mental disorders in prison workers.

Introduction: The conditions of Brazilian penitentiaries are known to be affected by overcrowding and precarious cells. Violence inside the prison impacts the mental and general health of individuals in this environment, whether prisoners whether workers. Thus, an increase in cases of common mental disorders is expected among workers, which contributes for their absenteeism. Objective: To assess the prevalence of common mental disorders among prison workers in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: A prison unit was selected for the administration of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 and a questionnaire to assess the sociodemographic profile of employees. The questionnaires were filled out in electronic format and made available on computers in the selected unit. Two visits were made to the unit to assess the work environment and to listen workers' reports. Results: Fifty-three questionnaires were selected, of which 50 were included in the research. According to the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20, 34% of participants had positive results for CMD. The use of psychotropic drugs and less family support were statistically correlated with common mental disorders. The apparently small number of employees in the unit was considered a more harmful factor to work than personal contact with prisoners. Conclusions: Although high, the prevalence of common mental disorders was lower than that described in the literature. The implementation of mental care programs for state civil servants would be essential to reduce the prevalence and absenteeism due to common mental disorders.