[RISK FACTORS AND SPECIAL ASPECTS FORGENITAL TUBERCULOSIS DIAGNOSTICS].

Was examined 453 women, who applied to National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases for genital tuberculosis diagnostics. GTB was detected in 289 cases, in 164 cases GTB results was negative (control group). In 10 cases GTB was combined with pulmonary tuberculosis (OR-1,13). Risk factors are previous diseases of female reproductive organs- intracellular infection (OR-1,08), sexually transmitted diseases (OR-1,25), nonspecific inflammatory diseases (OR-1,009), interruption of pregnancy (OR-1,26), artificial abortions (OR-1,11), the most specific signs of Genital Tuberculosis is a pain in the stomach area (P-0,023), dysmenorrhoea (P-0,00001), intestinal obstruction (P-0,0006), heat (P-0,00001), liquid presence in posterior vault (P-0,007), hydrosalpinx (P-0,00001), Fallopian tubes deformation (P-0,000003), oophoritic cyst (P-0,067), adhesive process in small pelvis (P-0,0006). Lab tests used to study material showed high specificity of cytological (Sp - 78,05%), bacteriological (Sp - 96.4%) and morphological (Sp - 98.78%) methods, as a result of their low sensitivity (Se - 28.03%, 96.4%, 98.78%, respectively). As for PCR diagnostics, in this case both the sensitivity and specificity is of high level (Se - 77.98%, Sp - 82.11%).

[Implication of laparoscopy in diagnostics of genital tb among women through cytohistological testing of bioptic specimen].

Diagnostics of genital TB among women is a serious challenge because of the absence of specific clinical manifestation and difficulty to obtain material for bacteriological verification of the pathogen. All the cases with ascites and masses in pelvic cavity must undergo thorough testing to exclude tuberculosis. The present article describes 14 suspect cases of genital TB, where along with the mandatory clinical diagnostic studies (including PCR of ascites and bacteriological testing for TB, also on carcinoma of CA-125 ovary) they have conducted laparoscopy, with further cytological and bacteriological testing of bioptic sample. This method allowed us to diagnose genital and abdominal tuberculosis among women in 85,7% of cases through cytologic and histologic testing and to exclude ovarian carcinoma. Effectiveness of laparoscopy has been confirmed in diagnostics of genital and abdominal TB.

[The thermodynamic stability of nanoconstructions based on the double-stranded DNA molecules].

The temperature stability of nanoconstructions formed by double-stranded DNA molecules fixed in the structure of their liquid crystalline dispersions and cross-linked by nanobridges was determined. It was shown that the heating of nanoconstructions is accompanied by a decrease in the amplitude of the negative bands in the CD spectrum both at lambda approximately 310 and lambda approximately 505 nm. Temperature "melting curves" were derived and characterzed by T(M) values. The T(M) values at lambda approximately 310 and lambda approximately 505 nm coincided with each other but differed from the T(M) value characteristic of the DNA cholesteric liquid crystalline dispersion.

[The formation of nanoconstructions based on double-stranded DNA molecules].

The properties of nanoconstructions formed by double-stranded DNA molecules fixed in the structure of their liquid crystalline dispersions and cross-linked by nanobridges were described. The dependence of the optical properties of the nanostructures on various factors (DNA concentration, nanobridge components, etc.) was examined.

["Phantom" structure of solvents and packing of dual-chain nucleic acid molecules in liquid crystal dispersion particles]. / "Fantomnaia" struktura rastvoritelia i upakovka dvukhtsepochechnykh molekul nukleinovykh kislot v chastitsakh zhidkokristallicheskikh dispersii.

The properties of mesomorphic dispersions of double-stranded nucleic acids were studied. A comparison of these properties indicates that their diversity cannot be explained unambiguously in terms of the conception of Van-der-Waals interactions in particles of mesomorphic dispersions without regard for the specific properties of the solvent, water, in the vicinity of adjacent nucleic acid molecules. It was assumed that, with small distances between the molecules of nucleic acids, a specific "phantom" structure of the solvent appears in their vicinity, which acts as an elastic medium that modifies the interactions between nucleic acid molecules and as a medium in which a collective tunneling of protons can occur. The combination of the two effects determines the "recognition" of nucliec acid molecules and the stabilization of the cholesteric structure of mesomorphic dispersions of nucleic acids.

[Stabilization of optical characteristics of DNA cholesteric liquid-crystalline dispersions]. / Stabilizatsiia opticheskikh svoistv chastits kholestericheskikh zhidkokristallicheskikh dispersii DNK.

Abnormal optical properties of liquid-crystalline dispersions (phases) formed as a result of phase exclusion of double-stranded DNA and RNA from water-salt poly(ethylene glycol) solutions and X-ray parameters of these phases are compared. It is shown that the cholesteric packing of nucleic acid molecules is realized at the certain osmotic pressure of a solvent only. A comparison of the optical properties of liquid-crystalline phases (dispersions) to their X-ray parameters allows one to put forward a suggestion on various hydratation (fluctuation) regimes of the nucleic acid behaviour under the condensed phases formation and factors, influencing the mode of packing of these molecules in phases formed. It is shown as well, that immobilization of DNA cholesteric liquid-crystalline particles in the content of polymeric matrix is accompanied by the stabilization of these particles and, hence, their specific abnormal optical activity as well as by formation of particles having a structure, which corresponds to the "optically isotropic ordered liquid" without abnormal optical activity. Data on stabilization of the cholesteric structure of liquid-crystalline DNA dispersions by creation of polymeric chelate bridges between the neighbouring DNA molecules, fixed in the structure of liquid-crystalline dispersions, are shown.

[Circular dichroism spectral characteristics of liquid-CRYSTAL dispersions of double-stranded DNA and DNA complexes with dyes]. / Nekotorye osobennosti spectrov krugovogo dikhroizma zhidkokristallicheskich dispersi'i dvuchtsepochechnykh molekul dnk i ee kompleksov s okrashennymi soedineniiami.

The circular dichroism spectra of liquid-crystalline dispersions formed of double-stranded DNA molecules were calculated. It was found that the amplitude and sing of the anomalous band in these spectra in the region of absorption of nitrous bases depend on the size of dispersed particles, the pitch of their cholesterol helix and the sign of its spatial winding. The theoretical calculations are compared with experimental data characterizing the anomalous optical properties of liquid-crystalline DNA dispersions and synthetic polynucleotides formed as a result of phase elimination in aqueous salt solutions of polyethyleneglycol. The theoretically calculated circular dichroism spectra of liquid-crystalline DNA dispersions agree with the circular dichroism spectra of these dispersions observed experimentally.

[2 types of temperature transitions in liquid crystals formed from poly(I).poly(C) molecules]. / Dva tipa temperaturnykh perekhodov zhidkikh kristallov, sformirovannykh iz molekul poli(I).poli(C).

The small-angle X-ray scattering curves, CD spectra and textures of the liquid-crystalline phase formed from poly(I).poly(C) molecules in a water-salt solutions containing poly(ethylene glycol) at different temperatures were obtained. It was found that the heating of poly(1).poly(C) liquid-crystalline phase is accompanied by two types of transitions, the first one--a "cholesteric----"compensated" structure----cholesteric", the second--a "cholesteric----isotropic state" transition. The latter transition takes place at a temperature that corresponds to that of the separation of chains of the double-stranded poly(I).poly(C) molecule.

[Mesophase state of double-stranded RNA and polyribonucleotides characterized by high optical activity]. / Mezofaznoe sostoianie dvukhtsepochechnoi RNK i poliribonukleotidov, kharakterizuemykh vysokoi opticheskoi aktivnost'iu.

A small-angle reflexion in X-rayograms and an intense band at A approximately 270 nm in the CD spectrum are assigned to compact particles that arise when mixing water-salt solutions of PEG with water-salt solutions of double-stranded RNA and those of poly(A) poly(U) and poly(I) poly(C). The discrepancy between the 35-40 A small-angle and the approximately 20 A small-angle reflexion typical for double-stranded poly-nucleotide crystals together with the presence of the intense band in the CD spectra point out to the fact that the double-stranded RNA molecules and the molecules of polyribonucleotides exist in a mesophase (liquid crystalline) state. The compact particles of double-stranded RNA and those of polyribonucleotides are shown to be able to have either a positive or a negative band of the CD spectrum depending on PEG concentration, ionic strength or temperature of the solution.

[Compact particles of double-stranded polyribonucleotides. I. Conditions for the formation of optically active compact double-stranded RNA particles]. / Kompaktnye chastitsy dvukhtsepochnykh poliribonuckleotidov. I. Usloviia formirovaniia opticheski aktivnykh kompaktnykh chastits dvukhtsepochechnoi RNK.

The conditions (mol. weight of PEG, ionic strength) of formation of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) compact particles in water-salt solutions, containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) have been determined. It has been shown, that in solutions of mild ionic strength (approximately 0,3) the compact particles of dsRNA are characterized by an intense positive CD-band (lambda 270 nm), but in solutions of high ionic strength (1,0-1,5)--by intense positive or negative CD-bands (lambda 270 nm). The heating of the solutions of a high ionic strength, containing the compact particles with negative CD-bands is accompanied by the change of sign of CD-band. The same effect is observed in the case of decrease of the ionic strength of the solutions. "Melting" of compact particles as revealed by the CD-method occurs prior to the melting of the secondary structure of dsRNA. These data show, that the intense CD-bands reflect the ordered arrangement of the chromophores of polynucleotide chain in compact particles. The reasons of change of the sign of the CD-bands are discussed.

[Relationship between the molecular structure of aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol and the compactness of double-stranded DNA molecules]. / O sviazi mezhdu molekuliarnym stroenii vodnykh rastvorov poliétilenglikolia i kompaktizatsiei dvukhtsepochechnykh molekul DNK.

The dependence of viscosity of the water solutions of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on the molecular weight has been studied. It has been shown that there is a "transitional" region in PEG properties which accounts for the formation of fluctuation polymer network of the PEG molecules. It has been shown that the "transitional" region in properties of PEG which appears at a certain concentration of PEG (CtrPEG) is characteristic of the PEG preparations with molecular weights exceeding 600 and dependence of the value of CtrPEG on the molecular weight of PEG was obtained. Compactization of double-stranded DNA molecules in PEG-containing water-salt solutions has been studied and the dependence of the value of CcrPEG, . i.e. the concentration of PEG at which the compact particles of DNA appear in the solution, on the molecular weight of PEG was obtained. The correlation between these two dependences reflecting quite different physico-chemical processes shows that the double-stranded DNA molecules are constrained within the polymer network of the PEG molecules. The influence of ionic strength and ionic composition of the solution on the formation of a compact form was investigated. The transition of the DNA molecules from a linear to a compact state may occur only at a definite value of ionic strength of the solution. This transition may occur at the change of K+ for Na+ cations (at a constant value of CPEG). The extent of compactization of the DNA molecules in PEG-containing water-salt solutions is monitored by the molecular structure and by the ionic strength of the solvent. It is supposed that the peculiarities of compactization of the DNA molecules in PEG-containing water-salt solutions reflect some characteristics of conformational transitions of the DNA molecules which occur in vivo.