RESUMO
O objetivo do presenteestudo foi avaliar a atividade antibacteriana dos cimentos endodôn-ticos MTA Fillapex, Sealapex, Sealer 26 e Endofill puros e acrescidos de amoxicilina e ci-profloxacina frente a duas linhagens ATCC de Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212 e ATCC 4083). Os testes foram realizados pela técnica de difusão radial dos cimentos aplicados di-retamente no ágar e impregnados em discos de papel e pelo teste de contato direto. Para a análise estatística, utilizaram-se os testes de ANOVA e Tukey com nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados mostraram que pela técnica da difusão radial, considerando os cimentos puros, o Sealapex foi o único que apresentou halos de inibição frente às duas linhagens. Já quando da associação de amoxicilina e ciprofloxacina, o MTA Fillapex revelou os melhores halos de inibição para as duas linhagens. Todos os cimentos tiveram a ação potencializada pela adição dos antibióticos (p<0,05). Pela técnica de difusão dos cimentos impregnados em discos de papel, o cimento Sealapex puro fresco demonstrou atividade antimicrobiana em todas as variáveis de tempo. Quando acrescidos dos antibióticos, todos os cimentos ti-veram a ação antimicrobiana potencializada pelas drogas, em todas as variáveis de tempo. Esse mesmo resultado foi observado na técnica do contato direto dos cimentos com ambas as linhagens. A atividade antibacteriana, frente ao E. faecalis, dos cimentos MTA Fillapex, Endofill, Sealer e Sealapex, acrescidos dos antibióticos amoxicilina e ciprofloxacina, foi potencializada mesmo após um longo período da presa dos cimentos.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of different endodon-tic cements (MTA Fillapex, Sealapex, Sealer 26, and Endofill), both pure and mixed with 5% of amoxicillin or ciprofloxacin, against two strains of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212 and ATCC 4083). Bacterial susceptibility testing was conducted by radial diffusion methods and direct contact test after different periods. Data were subjected to ANO-VA and Tukey test with a significance level of 5%. Sealapex was the only pure sealer to promote the inhibition of bacterial growth against both strains in different experimental periods. However, all cements present an increase in antibacterial activity by the addition of antibiotics (p<0.05). MTA Fillapex and Sealapex associated with amoxicillin promoted increased values for bacterial growth against ATCC 29212 and ATCC 4083 in comparison to other groups (p<0.001), including extended periods after setting time. The association of antibiotic agents increased the antibacterial effect of the evaluated sealers against the strains of E. faecalis.
Assuntos
Endodontia/instrumentação , Enterococcus faecalisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) is responsible for recognizing Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and activating the immune response. Polymorphisms in TLR2 may modulate gastric carcinogenesis. AIM: To evaluate whether the TLR2 19216T/C (rs3804099) and TLR2 -196 to -174 ins/del (rs111200466) polymorphisms contribute to gastric carcinogenesis in the Brazilian population, and to determine the influence of both polymorphisms and H. pylori infection on TLR2 mRNA expression. METHODS: DNA was extracted from 854 peripheral blood leukocyte or gastric tissue samples [202 gastric cancer (GC), 269 chronic gastritis (CG), and 383 control/healthy (C)] and genotyped by allele-specific PCR or restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-PCR. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction by TaqMan® assay was used to quantify TLR2 mRNA levels in fresh gastric tissues (48 GC, 36 CG, and 14 C). RESULTS: Regarding the TLR2 -196 to -174 polymorphism, the ins/del and del/del genotypes were associated with a higher risk of GC by comparison with the C in all of the analyzed inheritance models (codominant, dominant, recessive, overdominant and log-additive; P < 0.0001). Similarly, an increased risk was observed when comparing the GC and CG groups [codominant (P < 0.0001), dominant (P < 0.0001), recessive (P = 0.0260), overdominant (P < 0.0001) and log-additive (P < 0.0001)]. In contrast, TLR2 19216T/C was associated with a protective effect in the GC group compared to the C group [dominant (P = 0.0420) and log-additive (P = 0.0300)]. Regarding the association of polymorphisms with H. pylori infection, individuals infected with H. pylori and harboring the TLR2 -196 to -174 ins/del polymorphism had an increased risk of gastric carcinogenesis [codominant (P = 0.0120), dominant (P = 0.0051), overdominant (P = 0.0240) and log-additive (P = 0.0030)], while TLR2 19216T/C was associated with a protective effect [codominant (P = 0.0039), dominant (P < 0.0001), overdominant (P = 0.0097) and log-additive (P = 0.0021)]. TLR2 mRNA levels were significantly increased in the GC group (median RQ = 6.95) compared to the CG group (RQ = 0.84, P < 0.0001) and to the normal mucosa group (RQ = 1.0). In addition, both H. pylori infection (P < 0.0001) and the presence of the polymorphic TLR2 -196 to -174del (P = 0.0010) and TLR2 19216 C (P = 0.0004) alleles influenced TLR2 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION: The TLR2 -196 to -174 ins/del and TLR2 19216 T/C polymorphisms are strongly associated with GC. TLR2 mRNA expression levels are upregulated in neoplastic tissues and influenced by both the presence of H. pylori and variant genotypes.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the first line of host defense, and are involved in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) recognition and activation of both inflammatory and carcinogenic processes. The presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes that activate the immune response may modulate the risk of precancerous lesions and gastric cancer (GC). Among them, Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) polymorphisms have emerged with a risk factor of infectious diseases and cancer, however the studies are still inconclusive. AIM: To evaluate whether TLR9 rs5743836 and rs187084 SNPs contribute to the risk of gastric carcinogenesis, and its influence on mRNA expression. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted to evaluate two TLR9 SNPs (TLR9-1237 TC-rs5743836 and TLR9-1486 CT-rs187084) in chronic gastritis (CG) and GC patients. A total of 609 DNA samples of peripheral blood [248 CG, 161 GC, and 200 samples from healthy individuals (C)] were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. All samples were tested for the H. pylori infection using Hpx1 and Hpx2 primers. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction by TaqMan® assay was used to quantify TLR9 mRNA from fresh gastric tissues (48 GC, 26 CG, and 14 C). RESULTS: For TLR9-1237, the TC + CC or CC genotypes were associated with a higher risk of GC than C [recessive model odds ratio (OR) = 5.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.52-9.94, P < 0.0001], and the CG (recessive model OR =4.63; 95%CI: 2.44-8.79, P < 0.0001) groups. For TLR9-1486, an association between the CT + TT genotypes and increased risk of both GC (dominant model OR = 2.72, 95%CI: 1.57-4.72, P < 0.0001) and CG (dominant model OR = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.15-2.79, P = 0.0094) was observed when compared to the C group. Moreover, the presence of TLR9-1237 TC/CC + TLR9-1486 CC genotypes potentiate the risk for this neoplasm (OR = 18.57; 95%CI: 5.06-68.15, P < 0.0001). The TLR9 mRNA level was significantly higher in the GC group (RQ = 9.24, P < 0.0001) in relation to the CG group (RQ = 1.55, P = 0.0010) and normal mucosa (RQ = 1.0). When the samples were grouped according to the polymorphic genotypes and the presence of H. pylori infection, an influence of TLR9-1237 TC + CC polymorphic genotypes (P = 0.0083) and H. pylori infection (P < 0.0001) was observed on the upregulation of mRNA expression. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that TLR9 rs5743836 and rs187084 polymorphisms are associated with a higher risk of carcinogenesis gastric, and that TLR9 mRNA levels can be modulated by TLR9-1237 TC + CC variant genotypes and H. pylori infection.
RESUMO
Introdução: canais radiculares necrosados e não tratados se caracterizam pela presença de uma microbiota mista e polimicrobiana.O E. faecalis demonstra alta resistência a medicamentos usados durante o tratamento endodôntico, sendo um dos poucos microrganismos que tem demonstrado in vitro resistir ao efeito antibacteriano do hidróxido de cálcio. Além disso, é a espécie bacteriana mais frequentemente isolada, com prevalência variando entre 29% e 77% nos canais radiculares de dentes com insucesso endodôntico. Objetivo: avaliar a atividade antibacteriana dos cimentos endodônticos MTA Fillapex, Sealapex, Sealer 26 e Endofill puros e acrescidos de amoxicilina e ciprofloxacina frente a duas linhagens ATCC de Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212 e ATCC 4083). Método: os testes foram realizados pela técnica de difusão radial dos cimentos aplicados diretamente no ágar, impregnados em discos de papel aplicados sobre o ágar e pelo teste de contato direto. Para a análise estatística utilizaram-se os testes de ANOVA e Tukey com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados e Discussão: os resultados mostraram que pela técnica da difusão radial, considerando os cimentos puros, o Sealapex foi o único que apresentou halo de inibição frente às duas linhagens. Já, quando da associação da amoxicilina e ciprofloxacina o MTA Fillapex demonstrou os melhores halos de inibição para as duas linhagens. Todos os cimentos tiveram a ação potencializada pela adição dos antibióticos (p<0,05). Pela técnica de difusão dos cimentos impregnados em discos de papel, o cimento Sealapex puro fresco revelou atividade antimicrobiana e também em todas as variáveis de tempo. Quando acrescidos os antibióticos, todos os cimentos tiveram a ação antimicrobiana potencializada pelas drogas, em todas as variáveis de tempo. Este mesmo resultado foi observado na técnica do contato direto dos cimentos com ambas as linhagens. Conclusão: a atividade antibacteriana, frente ao E. faecalis, dos cimentos MTA Fillapex, Endofill, Sealer e Sealapex acrescidos os antibióticos amoxicilina e ciprofloxacina, é potencializada mesmo após um longo período da presa dos cimentos.
Introduction: necrotic root canals and untreated are characterized by the presence of a mixed and polymicrobial flora. E. faecalis show high resistance to drugs used during endodontic treatment, one of the few microorganisms which have shown in vitro to resist the antibacterial effect of calcium hydroxide. Furthermore, it is the bacterial species most often isolated, with a prevalence ranging between 29% and 77%, in root canals of teeth with endodontic failure. Objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the sealers MTA Fillapex, Sealapex, Sealer 26 and Endofill, pure and loaded with amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin against two ATCC strains of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212 and ATCC 4083). Method: the tests were conducted by means of radial diffusion technique of the cement applied in to the agar, impregnated paper discs applied on the agar and by the direct contact test. For the statistical analysis, the ANOVA and the Tukey?s test were used at a 5% significance level. Results and Discussion: results showed that, through the technique of radial diffusion, regarding the pure cements, the Sealapex was the only one that showed inhibition halo for the two strains. However, considering the association of amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin Fillapex, the MTA showed better inhibition zones for the two strains. All cements had their actions enhanced by with addition of antibiotics (p <0.05). Through the technique of diffusion of cements impregnated in paper discs, the Sealapex pure fresh cement revealed an antimicrobial activity and also in all the variables of time. When loaded with antibiotics, all cements had the antimicrobial action potentiated by drugs in all variables of time. The same result was observed in the technique of direct contact of cement with both strains. Conclusionn: the antibacterial activity against the E. faecalis, of the cements MTA Fillapex, Endofill, Sealer and Sealapex loaded with the antibiotics amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin, is enhanced even after a long period of use of cements.
Assuntos
Enterococcus faecalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Cimentos Dentários/análise , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Técnicas In Vitro , Teste de Materiais , Ciprofloxacina/efeitos adversos , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas , Amoxicilina/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Introdução: A infecção endodôntica ocasionada por Enterococcus faecalis é um problema sério no tratamento de dentes comprometidos. É de preocupação do cirurgião dentista um completo saneamento do sistema de canais radiculares pela aplicação de medicação antisséptica entre sessões. Dentre estas medicações, a pasta de hidróxido de cálcio tem sido associada a diferentes veículos para potencializar sua ação. Objetivos: Diante disto, este estudo objetivou avaliar e comparar a eficiência da atividade antimicrobiana in vitro de diferentes pastas de hidróxido de cálcio frente ao E. faecalis. Material e Métodos: Os testes foram executados em 49 blocos de dentina infectados com E. faecalis e tratados com pastas de hidróxido de cálcio em diferentes veículos por uma semana. A eficiência das pastas foi avaliada pela microscopia confocal de varredura a laser. Para comparação entre as pastas foi empregado o teste de Kruskal-Wallis e pelo teste de Dunn para comparações individuais com nível de significância estabelecido em 5%. Resultados: A aplicação das diferentes pastas proporcionou uma significativa alteração na proporção de bactérias viáveis e não viáveis encontradas no biovolume celular total dos blocos de dentina. Conclusão: A pasta que revelou melhor desempenho antimicrobiano foi aquela cujo veículo foi água destilada. A pasta de hidróxido de cálcio associada ao extrato propilenoglicólico de guaçatonga não apresentou desempenho antimicrobiano sobre células de E. faecalis. (AU)
Introduction: The endodontic infection caused by Enterococcus faecalis is a serious problem in the treatment of compromised teeth. It is a concern to the dental surgeon a complete sanitation of the root canal system by applying antiseptic medication between sessions. Among these medications, the calcium hydroxide paste has been linked to different vehicles to enhance its action. Objectives: Thus, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficiency of in vitro antimicrobial activity of different pastes of calcium hydroxide against E. faecalis. Material and Methods: Tests were performed in 49 blocks dentin infected with E. faecalis and treated with calcium hydroxide pastes in different vehicles for a week. The efficiency of the pastes was evaluated by confocal laser scanning. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the pastes and the Dunn test was used for individual comparisons with a significance level set at 5%. Results: The application of different pastes provided a significan change in the proportion of viable and non-viable bacteria found in the total cell biovolume of the blocks of dentin. Conclusion: The paste that revealed the best antimicrobial performance was the one whose vehicle was distilled water. The calcium hydroxide paste associated with the extract of guaçatonga in propylene glycol showed no antimicrobial performance on cells of E. faecalis. (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Hidróxido de Cálcio/farmacologia , Enterococcus faecalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Dentina/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Técnicas In Vitro , Teste de Materiais , Microscopia Confocal/métodosRESUMO
Ações que possibilitem o conhecimento da distribuição, magnitude e tendência de exposição aos principais fatores de risco modificáveis (tabagismo, inatividade física, alimentação não saudável, excesso de peso e consumo de álcool) são de suma importância no planejamento de estratégias de prevenção e controle das DCNTs. Para tal informações confiáveis de campo são essenciais para a efetividade da organização dessas ações. Objetivo: o presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever o perfil sociodemográfico, clínico e hábitos de vida da população de Palmeirina (Pernambuco, Brasil) atendida durante o Projeto Rondon - Operação Guararapes. Métodos: foi realizado estudo epidemiológico com indivíduos acima de 18 anos, munícipes de Palmeirina/PE. Para a coleta de dados foi realizada entrevista seguida por avaliação do índice de massa corpórea (IMC), pressão arterial (PA) e glicemia capilar ocasional. Resultados e discussão: a amostra foi constituída por 194 indivíduos (aproximadamente 3,9 por cento da população acima de 18 anos do município), dos quais 31,4 por cento eram homens e 68,6 por cento mulheres. A idade variou de 18 a 87 anos, com média de 47,4 ± 18,1 anos. O predomínio foi de casados (52,6 por cento) e agricultores (38,7 por cento). Na escolaridade, apresentaram 5,7 por cento ensino superior completo, 17 por cento ensino médio completo, 12,4 por cento ensino fundamental completo, 56,2 por cento ensino fundamental incompleto e 8,8 por cento nunca estudaram. Nos hábitos de vida, verificou-se 9,3 por cento tabagismo, 16 por cento etilismo e 65,5 por cento sedentarismo. Na avaliação do IMC, constatou-se 45,9 por cento sobrepeso e 14,4 por cento obesidade. Na medida da PA, 65,5 por cento apresentaram pressão acima do normal, classificados em limítrofes (14,4 por cento), hipertensão estágio 1 (10,8 por cento), hipertensão estágio 2 (9,8 por cento), hipertensão estágio 3 (11,9 por cento) e hipertensão sistólica isolada (18,6 por cento). Na glicemia...
Actions that enable knowledge of the distribution, magnitude and exposure trend to the main modifiable risk factors (smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, excessive weight and alcohol consumption) are extremely important in planning prevention strategies and control of NCCD. For that purpose reliable field information are essential to the proper of the organization of these actions. Objective: this study aimed to describe the sociodemographic profile, clinical and lifestyle of Palmeirina (Pernambuco, Brazil) population during the Rondon Project - Guararapes Operation. Methods: we conducted epidemiological study with subjects over 18 years, residents of Palmeirina/PE. For data collection was performed interview followed by assessment of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP) and occasional blood glucose. Results and discussion: the sample consisted of 194 individuals (approximately 3,9 percent of the population above 18 years in the city), of whom 31.4 percent were men and 68.6 percent women. The age ranged 18-87 years, with mean 47.4 ± 18.1 years. The predominance was of marrieds (52.6 percent) and agriculturists (38.7 percent). In education, 5.7 percent had a higher education, 17 percent had a completed high school, 12.4 percent had a completed elementary school, 56.2 percent not completed elementary school and 8.8 percent had never attended school. In lifestyle, it was found in 9.3 percent smoking habit, 16 percent alcohol, 65.5 percent physical inactivity. In the assessment of BMI, there was 45.9 percent overweight and 14.4 percent obese. In BP measurement, 65.5 percent had pressures above normal, ranked in prehypertension stage (14.4 percent), hypertension stage 1 (10.8 percent), hypertension stage 2 (9.8 percent), hypertension stage 3 (11,9 percent) and isolated systolic hypertension (18.6 percent). In occasional blood glucose, 3.6 percent presented impaired glucose tolerance (maior ou igual a 140 to <200 mg/dl) and 4.1...