The current role of dendritic cells in the progression and treatment of colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Dendritic cells (DCs) constitute a heterogeneous group of antigen-presenting cells that are important for initiating and regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. As a crucial component of the immune system, DCs have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of CRC. DCs cross-present tumor-related antigens to activate T cells and trigger an antitumor immune response. However, the antitumor immune function of DCs is impaired and immune tolerance is promoted due to the presence of the tumor microenvironment. This review systematically elucidates the specific characteristics and functions of different DC subsets, as well as the role that DCs play in the immune response and tolerance within the CRC microenvironment. Moreover, how DCs contribute to the progression of CRC and potential therapies to enhance antitumor immunity on the basis of existing data are also discussed, which will provide new perspectives and approaches for immunotherapy in patients with CRC.

Effectiveness of surgery combined with photodynamic therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the safety and effectiveness of a new model of surgery combined with Photodynamic therapy for treating Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP). METHODS: Review the case data of patients with RRP who opted for comprehensive surgery combined with Photodynamic therapy at the Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, from January 2021 to May 2023. The efficacy of this program was evaluated by comparing the annual number of surgeries and Derkay scores before and after the surgery. RESULTS: A total of 23 RRP patients were included in the study. After treatment, the recurrence rate was 65.2 % (15/23), with an average recurrence time of 94.3 ± 50.8 days. The average Derkay score at the time of recurrence was significantly lower than the average pre-treatment Derkay score (P < 0.001). The average annual recurrence rate before treatment was 2.2 ± 1.3, compared to 1.5 ± 1.5 after treatment, with no significant difference (P = 0.16). However, subgroup analysis revealed a significant decrease in the annual recurrence rate of adult-onset RRP after treatment (P = 0.01). The most common adverse reaction was mild pharyngeal pain (11/23). There were 3 cases of new-onset vocal cord adhesions. No patients experienced serious respiratory-related adverse reactions, anesthesia-related adverse reactions, or systemic phototoxic reactions. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study indicates that surgery combined with Photodynamic therapy (PDT) might be a safe and effective option for treating RRP, especially in patients with Adult-Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (AORRP).

Adverse events related to neuromuscular blocking agents: a disproportionality analysis of the FDA adverse event reporting system.

Background: Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are primarily used during surgical procedures to facilitate endotracheal intubation and optimize surgical conditions. This study aimed to explore the adverse event signals of NMBAs, providing reference for clinical safety. Methods: This study collected reports of atracurium, cisatracurium, rocuronium, and vecuronium as primary suspect drugs in The US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from the first quarter of 2004 to the third quarter of 2023. The adverse events (AEs) reported in the study were retrieved based on the Preferred Terms (PTs) of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. In addition, we conducted disproportionality analysis on relevant reports using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) method and Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) method. A positive signal was generated when both algorithms show an association between the target drug and the AE. Results: A total of 11,518 NMBA-related AEs were reported in the FAERS database. The most AEs of rocuronium were collected. NMBA-related AEs involved 27 different system organs (SOCs), all of the four NMBAs had positive signals in "cardiac disorders," "immune system disorders," "respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders" and "vascular disorders." At the PTs level, a total of 523 effective AEs signals were obtained for the four NMBAs. AEs labled in the instructions such as anaphylaxis (include anaphylactic reaction and anaphylactic shock), bronchospasm, respiratory arrest and hypotension were detected positive signals among all NMBAs. In addition, we also found some new AEs, such as ventricular fibrillation for the four NMBAs, hyperglycaemia for atracurium, kounis syndrome and stress cardiomyopathy for rocuronium, hepatocellular injury for cisatracurium, hyperkalaemia for vecuronium. To further investigated the AEs associated with serious clinical outcomes, we found that cardiac arrest and anaphylaxis were the important risk factors for death due to NMBAs. Conclusion: NMBA-related AEs have a significant potential to cause clinically severe consequences. Our study provides valuable references for the safety profile of NMBAs, and considering the limitations of the FAERS database, further clinical data are needed to validate the findings of this study.

Identifying polyamine related biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment of ulcerative colitis by integrating bulk and single-cell sequencing data.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Polyamine metabolic enzymes play a crucial role in UC. In this study, we aimed to identify pivotal polyamine-related genes (PRGs) and explore the underlying mechanism between PRGs and the disease status and therapeutic response of UC. We analyzed mRNA-sequencing data and clinical information of UC patients from the GEO database and identified NNMT, PTGS2, TRIM22, TGM2, and PPARG as key PRGs associated with active UC using differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WCGNA). Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis confirmed the accuracy of these key genes in UC and colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) diagnosis, and we validated their relationship with therapeutic response in external verification sets. Additionally, single-cell analysis revealed that the key PRGs were specific to certain immune cell types, emphasizing the vital role of intestinal tissue stem cells in active UC. The results were validated in vitro and in vivo experiments, including the colitis mice model and CAC mice model. In conclusion, these key PRGs effectively predict the progression of UC patients and could serve as new pharmacological biomarkers for the therapeutic response of UC.

Effects of Cr Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Al-Si-Cu-Mg Alloy.

The effects of chromium (Cr) addition ranging 0.1-0.3 wt.% on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-7Si-4Cu-0.25Mg (wt.%) alloy have been investigated. The cast Cr-free alloy consisted of α-Al, eutectic Si, Q-Al5Mg8Cu2Si6 and θ-Al2Cu phases. Doping of Cr resulted in the appearance of a polyhedron-shaped α-Al13Cr4Si4 phase with a cubic structure. The Al13Cr4Si4 particles were found to embed with Al2Cu blocks and bring about size reduction for the Al2Cu blocks. The area fraction of Al13Cr4Si4 monotonously increased with Cr content. After T6 treatment, the Al2Cu blocks almost fully dissolved and transformed to θ'-Al2Cu precipitates in the Cr-containing alloys. TEM observation revealed relatively large-sized θ' precipitates attached to Al13Cr4Si4 dispersoids. The Cr-containing alloys showed impressive mechanical properties, with the peak strength up to 452 MPa at room temperature. The ductility exhibited an increasing trend with Cr content, but the strength dropped dramatically when the Cr content reached 0.3 wt.%. It is suggested that the strength contribution from the Al13Cr4Si4 phase is limited, especially at an elevated temperature.

miR-107 reverses the multidrug resistance of gastric cancer by targeting the CGA/EGFR/GATA2 positive feedback circuit.

Chemotherapy is still the main therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer (GC). However, most patients eventually acquire multidrug resistance (MDR). Hyperactivation of the EGFR signaling pathway contributes to MDR by promoting cancer cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. We previously identified the secreted protein CGA as a novel ligand of EGFR and revealed a CGA/EGFR/GATA2 positive feedback circuit that confers MDR in GC. Herein, we outline a microRNA-based treatment approach for MDR reversal that targets both CGA and GATA2. We observed increased expression of CGA and GATA2 and increased activation of EGFR in GC samples. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that miR-107 could simultaneously target CGA and GATA2, and the low expression of miR-107 was correlated with poor prognosis in GC patients. The direct interactions between miR-107 and CGA or GATA2 were validated by luciferase reporter assays and Western blot analysis. Overexpression of miR-107 in MDR GC cells increased their susceptibility to chemotherapeutic agents, including fluorouracil, adriamycin, and vincristine, in vitro. Notably, intratumor injection of the miR-107 prodrug enhanced MDR xenograft sensitivity to chemotherapies in vivo. Molecularly, targeting CGA and GATA2 with miR-107 inhibited EGFR downstream signaling, as evidenced by the reduced phosphorylation of ERK and AKT. These results suggest that miR-107 may contribute to the development of a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of MDR in GC.

Associations between renal function, hippocampal volume, and cognitive impairment in 544 outpatients.

Background: Cognitive impairment and brain atrophy are common in chronic kidney disease patients. It remains unclear whether differences in renal function, even within normal levels, influence hippocampal volume (HCV) and cognition. We aimed to investigate the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), HCV and cognition in outpatients. Methods: This single-center retrospective study enrolled 544 nonrenal outpatients from our hospital. All participants underwent renal function assessment and 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the same year. HCV was also measured, and cognitive assessments were obtained. The correlations between eGFR, HCV, and cognitive function were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for hippocampal atrophy and cognitive impairment. Receiver-operator curves (ROCs) were performed to find the cut-off value of HCV that predicts cognitive impairment. Results: The mean age of all participants was 66.5 ± 10.9 years. The mean eGFR of all participants was 88.5 ± 15.1 mL/min/1.73 m2. eGFR was positively correlated with HCV and with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed Age ≥ 65 years, eGFR < 75 mL/min/1.73 m2, Glucose ≥6.1 mmol/L and combined cerebral microvascular diseases were independent risk factors for hippocampal atrophy and Age ≥ 65 years, left hippocampal volume (LHCV) <2,654 mm3 were independent risk factors for cognitive impairment in outpatients. Although initial unadjusted logistic regression analysis indicated that a lower eGFR (eGFR < 75 mL/min/1.73 m2) was associated with poorer cognitive function, this association was lost after adjusting for confounding variables. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that LHCV <2,654 mm3 had the highest AUROC [(0.842, 95% CI: 0.808-0.871)], indicating that LHCV had a credible prognostic value with a high sensitivity and specificity for predicting cognitive impairment compared with age in outpatients. Conclusion: Higher eGFR was associated with higher HCV and better cognitive function. eGFR < 75 mL/min/1.73 m2 was an independent risk factor for hippocampal atrophy after adjusting for age. It is suggested that even eGFR < 75 mL/min/1.73 m2, lower eGFR may still be associated with hippocampal atrophy, which is further associated with cognitive impairment. LHCV was a favorable prognostic marker for predicting cognitive impairment rather than age.

Progress in clinical diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer with rare genetic variants.

Targeted therapy is crucial for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) positive for genetic drivers. With advances in deep sequencing technology and new targeted drugs, existing standard molecular pathological detection systems and therapeutic strategies can no longer meet the requirements for careful management of patients with advanced CRC. Thus, rare genetic variations require diagnosis and targeted therapy in clinical practice. Rare gene mutations, amplifications, and rearrangements are usually associated with poor prognosis and poor response to conventional therapy. This review summarizes the clinical diagnosis and treatment of rare genetic variations, in genes including erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2), B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF), ALK receptor tyrosine kinase/ROS proto-oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK/ROS1), neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinases (NTRKs), ret proto-oncogene (RET), fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), to enhance understanding and identify more accurate personalized treatments for patients with rare genetic variations.

Evolutionary radiation strategy revealed in the Scarabaeidae with evidence of continuous spatiotemporal morphology and phylogenesis.

Evolutionary biology faces the important challenge of determining how to interpret the relationship between selection pressures and evolutionary radiation. The lack of morphological evidence on cross-species research adds to difficulty of this challenge. We proposed a new paradigm for evaluating the evolution of branches through changes in characters on continuous spatiotemporal scales, for better interpreting the impact of biotic/abiotic drivers on the evolutionary radiation. It reveals a causal link between morphological changes and selective pressures: consistent deformation signals for all tested characters on timeline, which provided strong support for the evolutionary hypothesis of relationship between scarabs and biotic/abiotic drivers; the evolutionary strategies under niche differentiation, which were manifested in the responsiveness degree of functional morphological characters with different selection pressure. This morphological information-driven integrative approach sheds light on the mechanism of macroevolution under different selection pressures and is applicable to more biodiversity research.

Roles of alcohol dehydrogenase 1 in the biological activities of Candida albicans.

Candida albicans stands as the foremost prevalent human commensal pathogen and a significant contributor to nosocomial fungal infections. In the metabolism of C. albicans, alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (Adh1) is one of the important enzymes that converts acetaldehyde produced by pyruvate decarboxylation into ethanol at the end of glycolysis. Leveraging the foundational processes of alcoholic fermentation, Adh1 plays an active role in multiple biological phenomena, including biofilm formation, interactions between different species, the development of drug resistance, and the potential initiation of gastrointestinal cancer. Additionally, Adh1 within C. albicans has demonstrated associations with regulating the cell cycle, stress responses, and various intracellular states. Furthermore, Adh1 is extracellularly localized on the cell wall surface, where it plays roles in processes such as tissue invasion and host immune responses. Drawing from an analysis of ADH1 gene structure, expression patterns, and fundamental functions, this review elucidates the intricate connections between Adh1 and various biological processes within C. albicans, underscoring its potential implications for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of candidiasis.

Both intra- and peri-tumoral radiomics signatures can be used to predict lymphatic vascular space invasion and lymphatic metastasis positive status from endometrial cancer MR imaging.

OBJECTIVES: To identify lymphatic vascular space invasion (LVSI) and lymphatic node metastasis (LNM) status of endometrial cancer (EC) patients, using radiomics based on MRI images. METHODS: Five hundred and ninety-eight EC patients between January 2015 and September 2020 from two institutions were retrospectively included. Tumoral regions on DWI, T1CE, and T2W images were manually outlined. Radiomics features were extracted from tumor region and peri-tumor region of different thicknesses. We established sub-models to select features from each smaller category. Using this method, we separately constructed radiomic signatures for intra-tumoral and peri-tumoral images using different sequences. We constructed intra-tumoral and peri-tumoral models by combining their features, and a multi-sequence model by combining logits. Models were trained with 397 patients and validated with 170 internal and 31 external patients. RESULTS: For LVSI positive/LNM positive status identification, the multi-parameter MRI radiomics model achieved the area under curve (AUC) values of 0.771 (95%CI: [0.692-0.849])/0.801 (95%CI: [0.704, 0.898]) and 0.864 (95%CI: [0.728-1.000])/0.976 (95%CI: [0.919, 1.000]) in internal and external test cohorts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-tumoral and peri-tumoral radiomics signatures based on mpMRI can both be used to identify LVSI or LNM status in EC patients non-invasively. Further studies on LVSI and LNM should pay attention to both of them.

A novel lncRNA associated with the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer resists apoptosis through the LYN/BCL-2 pathway.

PURPOSE: We found a novel lncRNA named lncAC138150.2 related to the overall survival and staging of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) by bioinformatic analysis using data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the study aimed to elucidate the function of lncAC138150.2 and underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Target molecules were knocked down by transfection with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), siRNAs, or lentiviruses and overexpressed by transfection with plasmids. The function of lncAC138150.2 was determined using histological, cytological, and molecular biology methods. The underlying mechanism of lncAC138150.2 function was investigated using RNA-seq, bioinformatics analysis, and molecular biology methods. RESULTS: The expression of lncAC138150.2 was increased in colorectal tissues compared with paired normal tissues. The lncAC138150.2 knockdown increased apoptosis but did not change the cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, or cell migration ability of CRC cells, while lncAC138150.2 overexpression decreased CRC apoptosis. lncAC138150.2 was mainly located in the cell nucleus, and each lncAC138150.2 transcript knockdown increased CRC apoptosis. BCL-2 pathway was significantly altered in apoptosis induced by lncAC138150.2 knockdown, which was alleviated by BAX knockdown. The expression of LYN was significantly decreased with lncAC138150.2 knockdown, LYN knockdown increased CRC apoptosis, and its overexpression completely alleviated CRC apoptosis induced by lncAC138150.2 knockdown. CONCLUSION: lncAC138150.2 significantly inhibited CRC apoptosis and affected the prognosis of patients with CRC, through the LYN/BCL-2 pathway.

Nobiletin Stimulates Adrenal Hormones and Modulates the Circadian Clock in Mice.

Polymethoxyflavonoids, such as nobiletin (abundant in Citrus depressa), have been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-dementia effects, and are also a circadian clock modulator through retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (ROR) α/γ. However, the optimal timing of nobiletin intake has not yet been determined. Here, we explored the time-dependent treatment effects of nobiletin and a possible novel mechanistic idea for nobiletin-induced circadian clock regulation in mice. In vivo imaging showed that the PER2::LUC rhythm in the peripheral organs was altered in accordance with the timing of nobiletin administration (100 mg/kg). Administration at ZT4 (middle of the light period) caused an advance in the peripheral clock, whereas administration at ZT16 (middle of the dark period) caused an increase in amplitude. In addition, the intraperitoneal injection of nobiletin significantly and potently stimulated corticosterone and adrenaline secretion and caused an increase in Per1 expression in the peripheral tissues. Nobiletin inhibited phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4A1A, 4B1, and 10A2. Nobiletin or rolipram (PDE4 inhibitor) injection, but not SR1078 (RORα/γ agonist), caused acute Per1 expression in the peripheral tissues. Thus, the present study demonstrated a novel function of nobiletin and the regulation of the peripheral circadian clock.

Risk factors for cardio-cerebrovascular events among patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and their association with serum magnesium.

Serum magnesium levels exceeding 0.9 mmol/L are associated with increased survival rates in patients with CKD. This retrospective study aimed to identify risk factors for cardio-cerebrovascular events among patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and to examine their correlations with serum magnesium levels. Sociodemographic data, clinical physiological and biochemical indexes, and cardio-cerebrovascular event data were collected from 189 patients undergoing CAPD. Risk factors associated with cardio-cerebrovascular events were identified by univariate binary logistic regression analysis. Correlations between the risk factors and serum magnesium levels were determined by correlation analysis. Univariate regression analysis identified age, C-reactive protein (CRP), red cell volume distribution width standard deviation, red cell volume distribution width corpuscular volume, serum albumin, serum potassium, serum sodium, serum chlorine, serum magnesium, and serum uric acid as risk factors for cardio-cerebrovascular events. Among them, serum magnesium ≤0.8 mmol/L had the highest odds ratio (3.996). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that serum magnesium was an independent risk factor, while serum UA (<440 µmol/L) was an independent protective factor for cardio-cerebrovascular events. The incidence of cardio-cerebrovascular events differed significantly among patients with different grades of serum magnesium (χ2 = 12.023, p = 0.002), with the highest incidence observed in patients with a serum magnesium concentration <0.8 mmol/L. High serum magnesium levels were correlated with high levels of serum albumin (r = 0.399, p < 0.001), serum potassium (r = 0.423, p < 0.001), and serum uric acid (r = 0.411, p < 0.001), and low levels of CRP (r = -0.279, p < 0.001). In conclusion, low serum magnesium may predict cardio-cerebrovascular events in patients receiving CAPD.

Biotransformation and metabolite activity analysis of flavonoids from propolis in vivo.

Propolis is a natural resinous compound produced by bees, mixed with their saliva and wax, and has a range of biological benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This article reviews the in vivo transformation of propolis flavonoids and their potential influence on drug efficacy. Despite propolis is widely used, there is little research on how the active ingredients of propolis change in the body and how they interact with drugs. Future research will focus on these interactions and the metabolic fate of propolis in vivo.

The etiology and differential diagnosis of "autoimmune hepatitis-like liver disease" in children: a single-center retrospective study.

Background: Children with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) often present with symptoms similar to those of other liver diseases. This study consists of a comparison between the clinical and histological characteristics of AIH and those of other four AIH-like liver diseases [i.e., drug-induced liver injury (DILI), gene deficiency, infectious liver disease and other etiology of liver disease], as well as an evaluation of the AIH scoring system's diagnostic performance. Methods: All children with AIH-like liver disease at our center from January 2013 to December 2022 were included. The clinical and histological characteristics of the AIH group were retrospectively analyzed and compared with those of the other four groups. Results: A total of 208 children were included and divided into AIH group (18 patients), DILI group (38 patients), gene deficiency group (44 patients), infectious liver disease group (74 patients), and other etiology group (34 patients). The antinuclear antibodies (ANA) ≥ 1:320 rate was significantly higher in the AIH compared to the other four groups after multiple testing correction (p < 0.0125), while patients with positive antibodies to liver-kidney microsomal-1 (anti-LKM1, n = 3) and smooth muscle antibodies (SMA, n = 2) were only observed in the AIH group. The positive rates of antibodies to liver cytosol type1 (anti-LC1) and Ro52 were higher than those in the other four groups. The serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and globulin levels, as well as the proportions of portal lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, lobular hepatitis with more than moderate interface hepatitis, and lobular hepatitis with lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, were significantly higher in the AIH group than in the other four groups after multiple testing correction (p < 0.0125). The cirrhosis rate in the AIH group was higher than that in the DILI and infectious liver disease groups (p < 0.0125). Both the simplified (AUC > 0.73) and the revised systems (AUC > 0.93) for AIH have good diagnostic performance, with the latter being superior (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Positive autoantibodies (ANA ≥ 1:320 or anti-LKM1 positive, or accompanied by SMA, anti-LC1 or Ro-52 positive) and elevated serum IgG or globulin levels contribute to early recognition of AIH. The presence of lobular hepatitis with more than moderate interface hepatitis and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration contribute to the diagnosis of AIH.

Cancer SLC6A6-mediated taurine uptake transactivates immune checkpoint genes and induces exhaustion in CD8+ T cells.

Taurine is used to bolster immunity, but its effects on antitumor immunity are unclear. Here, we report that cancer-related taurine consumption causes T cell exhaustion and tumor progression. The taurine transporter SLC6A6 is correlated with aggressiveness and poor outcomes in multiple cancers. SLC6A6-mediated taurine uptake promotes the malignant behaviors of tumor cells but also increases the survival and effector function of CD8+ T cells. Tumor cells outcompete CD8+ T cells for taurine by overexpressing SLC6A6, which induces T cell death and malfunction, thereby fueling tumor progression. Mechanistically, taurine deficiency in CD8+ T cells increases ER stress, promoting ATF4 transcription in a PERK-JAK1-STAT3 signaling-dependent manner. Increased ATF4 transactivates multiple immune checkpoint genes and induces T cell exhaustion. In gastric cancer, we identify a chemotherapy-induced SP1-SLC6A6 regulatory axis. Our findings suggest that tumoral-SLC6A6-mediated taurine deficiency promotes immune evasion and that taurine supplementation reinvigorates exhausted CD8+ T cells and increases the efficacy of cancer therapies.

Performance of an integrated sediment interceptor in removing phosphorus from agricultural drainage water.

Reducing phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural drainage water is challenging. In this study, we aimed to remove P from agricultural drainage water by developing an integrated sediment interceptor with adsorbent modules filled with Zr/Zn nanocomposite-modified ceramsite (ZMC-interceptor). The results of sequential chemical extraction and 31P NMR showed that the contents of H2O-P (1.15 % of total P), NaHCO3-Pi (10.48 % of total P), and ortho-P (orthophosphate, 90.6 % of total P) in the sediments of the ZMC-interceptors were higher than those in nearby field soils. The average enrichment ratios of particulate P (PP, >450 nm), medium-colloidal P (MCP, 220-450 nm), fine-colloidal P (FCP, 1-220 nm), and truly dissolved P (Truly DP, <1 nm) in the sediment over the field soil were 1.37, 1.21, 1.70, and 3.01, respectively. No significant differences were found in the sediment P-trapping function with and without ZMC integrated sediment interceptors. However, the ZMC-interceptors remarkably reduced total P (39.7 % for influent concentrations of 0.19-0.68 mg L-1) from agricultural drainage water compared to those unmodified ceramsite-interceptors (21.7 % for influent concentrations of 0.17-0.66 mg L-1) during the drainage 'window period' (June-August 2022). This was mainly due to the higher removal efficacies of MCP (19.7 %), FCP (23.3 %), and Truly DP (34.8 %) of the ZMC-interceptors. This study highlighted that the ZMC-interceptor not only trapped P in the sediment but also facilitated the removal of different-sized P fractionated from agricultural drainage water.

Microbially Induced Soil Colloidal Phosphorus Mobilization Under Anoxic Conditions.

Understanding the behavior of colloidal phosphorus (Pcoll) under anoxic conditions is pivotal for addressing soil phosphorus (P) mobilization and transport and its impact on nutrient cycling. Our study investigated Pcoll dynamics in acidic floodplain soil during a 30-day flooding event. The sudden oxic-to-anoxic shift led to a significant rise in pore-water Pcoll levels, which exceeded soluble P levels by more than 2.7-fold. Colloidal fractions transitioned from dispersed forms (<220 nm) to colloid-associated microaggregates (>220 nm), as confirmed by electron microscopy. The observed increase in colloidal sizes was paralleled by their heightened ability to form aggregates. Compared to sterile control conditions, anoxia prompted the transformation of initially dispersed colloids into larger particles through microbial activity. Curiously, the 16S rRNA and ITS microbial diversity analysis indicated that fungi were more strongly associated with anoxia-induced colloidal release than bacteria. These microbially induced shifts in Pcoll lead to its higher mobility and transport, with direct implications for P release from soil into floodwaters.