Super-Mini Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Reduces the Incidence of Postoperative Adverse Events in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety of the super-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SMP) versus the minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) in the treatment of pediatric renal calculus. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic records of pediatric patients who underwent treatment for renal stones by either SMP or MPCNL from May 2015 to May 2016. We compared the safety of the 2 surgical procedures in the treatment of renal calculus in children by using the generalized estimating equation (GEE) multivariate regression analysis, in which the exposures are the surgical procedures and postoperative adverse events (postoperative complications, fever, and WBC counts) are set as outcome variables. RESULTS: The study included 39 patients (26 boys and 13 girls), of which 22 underwent MPCNL and 17 underwent SMP, with a mean age of 110.05 ± 45.01 and 93.18 ± 41.72 months, respectively. In the univariate logistic regression model, the surgical procedures showed no significant association with postoperative complications (95% CI 0.0-1.5), fever (95% CI 0.1-2.1), postoperative peripheral WBC (95% CI 0.1-2.2). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, there was an insignificant association between surgical methods and postoperative complications (95% CI 0.28-1.1), fever (95% CI 0.1-1.2), and postoperative peripheral WBC (95% CI 0.03-1.8). While using GEE with multiple dependent variables and MPCNL as a reference, the OR of adverse events was 0.15 and the 95% CI were 0.04-0.55. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to MPCNL, SMP has a lower incidence of postoperative complications and appears to be a safer treatment for children with kidney stones.

The efficacy and safety of retroperitoneoscopic renal pedicle ligation of lymphatic disconnection versus open surgery in the treatment of chyluria: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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OBJECTIVE: The current meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of retroperitoneoscopic renal pedicle ligation of lymphatic disconnection (RRPLD) compared with open surgery (OS) in the treatment of chyluria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Relevant studies were retrieved from MEDLINE, EMBASE, -SCOPUS, the Cochrane library and two Chinese literature database resources (Wanfang and CNKI) in March 2016. All eligible studies comparing RRPLD with OS for chyluria were included in this study. The main outcome including operative time, blood loss, postoperative (PO) intestinal recovery time, PO drainage duration, PO hospital stay, PO time of returning to work, PO bed time, and complications as well as rate of recurrence for RRPLD and OS were pooled using the Revman software. RESULTS: Twelve studies with a total of 620 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Of these patients, 365 and 255 had undergone renal pedicle lymphatic ligation via RRPLD and OS, respectively. There were significant reductions in operative time, PO intestinal recovery time, PO drainage duration, PO hospital stay, PO time of returning to work, and possible reductions in intraoperative blood loss intraoperative and PO complications for RRPLD compared to OS. However, other outcome variables, such as PO time in bed and PO recurrence, were not found to be statistically significant for either group. CONCLUSION: Compared with OS, RRPLD has several advantages such as shorter operative time, less intraoperative blood loss, and lower incidence of complications. Thus, it may be an efficacious and safe therapeutic modality for chyluria.

SOCS6 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor by Inducing Apoptosis and Inhibiting Angiogenesis in Human Prostate Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Our previous studies revealed that the downregulation of Suppressor of cytokine signaling 6 (SOCS6) was correlated with malignant progression of human prostate cancer (PCa). AIMS: In the current study, we aimed to investigate the tumor suppressive roles of SOCS6 and the underlying mechanisms in PCa. METHODS: SOCS6 expression in PCa and non-cancerous prostate tissues was compared by immunohistochemistry. Statistical associations of SOCS6 expression with various clinicopathological features and patients prognosis were evaluated. In addition, we investigated SOCS6's functions by overexpressing it in vitro (cell apoptosis, migration and invasion assays) and in vivo (tumor formation, angiogenesis and apoptosis). Moreover, SOCS6-regulated genes were identified by nextgeneration RNA-sequencing analysis, followed by pathway enrichment analysis and in vitro experimental validation. RESULTS: SOCS6 downregulation was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage (P=0.029) and positive lymph node metastasis (P=0.013) in PCa patients. We also identified SOCS6 as an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival in PCa patients (P=0.045). Moreover, overexpression of SOCS6 inhibited PCa cell invasion, migration, tumor xenografts growth and angiogenesis, but induced PCa cell apoptosis (P values <0.05). Mechanically, we revealed that SOCS6 expression may induce cell apoptosis coincident with down-regulation of Bcl2 and Hspa1a, and may suppress tumor angiogenesis with downregulation of F7, Fak3 and Frzb. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the reduced expression of SOCS6 may be predictive of unfavorable prognosis in PCa. Thus, SOCS6 may serve as a tumor suppressor and a novel therapeutic target for this cancer.

Association Between Cd Exposure and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A PRISMA-Compliant Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Several observational studies on the association between Cd exposure and risk of prostate cancer have yielded inconsistent results. To address this issue, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the correlation between Cd exposure and risk of prostate cancer.Relevant studies in PubMed and Embase databases were retrieved until October 2015. We compared the highest and lowest meta-analyses to quantitatively evaluate the relationship between Cd exposure and risk of prostate cancer. Summary estimates were obtained using a random-effects model.In the general population, high Cd exposure was not associated with increased prostate cancer (OR 1.21; 95% CI 0.91-1.64), whereas the combined standardized mortality ratio of the association between Cd exposure and risk of prostate cancer was 1.66 (95% CI 1.10-2.50) in populations exposed to occupational Cd. In addition, high D-Cd intake (OR 1.07; 95% CI 0.96-1.20) and U-Cd concentration (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.48-1.55) among the general population was not related to the increased risk of prostate cancer. In the dose analysis, the summary relative risk was 1.07 (95% CI 0.73-1.57) for each 0.5 µg/g creatinine increase in U-Cd and 1.02 (95% CI 0.99-1.06) for each 10 µg/day increase of dietary Cd intake. However, compared with nonoccupational exposure, high occupational Cd exposure may be associated with the increased risk of prostate cancer.This meta-analysis suggests high Cd exposure as a risk factor for prostate cancer in occupational rather than nonoccupational populations. However, these results should be carefully interpreted because of the significant heterogeneity among studies. Additional large-scale and high-quality prospective studies are needed to confirm the association between Cd exposure and risk of prostate cancer.