Multi-Gene Phylogeny and Morphology Reveal Haplohelminthosporium gen. nov. and Helminthosporiella gen. nov. Associated with Palms in Thailand and A Checklist for Helminthosporium Reported Worldwide.

Palms (Arecaceae) are substrates for a highly diverse range of fungi. Many species are known as saprobes and many are important plant pathogens. Over the course of our studies of micro-fungi from palms in Thailand, two new taxa were discovered. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, SSU, and tef1-α sequence data revealed their taxonomic positions within Massarinaceae. There are currently ten genera identified and accepted in Massarinaceae, with the addition of the two new genera of Haplohelminthosporium and Helminthosporiella, that are introduced in this paper. Each new genus is provided with a full description and notes, and each new taxon is provided with an illustration for the holotype. A list of identified and accepted species of Helminthosporium with morphology, host information, locality, sequence data, and related references of Helminthosporium reported worldwide is provided based on records in Species Fungorum 2021. This work provides a micro-fungi database of Haplohelminthosporium, Helminthosporiella, and Helminthosporium which can be modified and validated as new data come to light.

Multigene Phylogeny Reveals Haploanthostomella elaeidis gen. et sp. nov. and Familial Replacement of Endocalyx (Xylariales, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota).

During our investigation of palm fungi in Thailand, two interesting taxa from Elaeis guineensis and Metroxylon sagu (Arecaceae) were collected. Based on phylogenetic analyses of a combined dataset of ITS, LSU, rpb2, and tub2 nucleotide sequences as well as unique morphological characteristics, we introduce the new genus Haploanthostomella within Xylariales, and a new species Endocalyx metroxyli. Additionally, in our study, the genus Endocalyx is transferred to the family Cainiaceae based on its brown conidia and molecular phylogenetic evidence.

Zooplankton community dynamics in relation to the seasonal cycle and nutrient inputs in an urban tropical estuary in Brazil / Dinâmica da comunidade zooplanctônica em relação a um ciclo sazonal e aportes de nutrientes em um estuário urbano tropical no Brasil

Micro- and mesozooplankton were studied in the Sergipe estuary, northeastern Brazil, in order to assess the temporal variability in abundance and biodiversity under stressed conditions (urban pollution). Zooplankton samples and abiotic data were collected at one station during a full tidal cycle in July 2001 and in February 2002, corresponding to the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The salinity regime was euhaline-polyhaline. Phosphate and dissolved oxygen were higher in July 2001, and nitrite, nitrate and ammonia in February 2002. Chlorophyll-a concentrations were low as a result of light limitation, with 1.18 ± 0.88 µg.m-3 in February and 1.53 ± 1.48 µg.m-3 in July. Fifty-nine zooplankton taxa were identified. Microzooplankton were abundant, mainly the tintinnid Favella ehrenbergii, and ranged from 18,649 ind.m-3 in July to 678,009 ind.m-3 in February. Mesozooplankton ranged from 1,537 ind.m-3 in July to 37,062 ind.m-3 in February and were dominated by barnacle nauplii in July and by copepods in February. The cluster analysis by taxa revealed the existence of three distinct groups: resilient species, characteristic of estuarine areas and occurring during all the year; species mainly more abundant in July (indicators of a healthier environmental condition); and species more abundant in February (tolerant to poor water quality).

O micro-e o mesozooplâncton foram estudados no estuário do rio Sergipe, Nordeste do Brasil para conhecer a variação temporal em abundância e biodiversidade sob condições de estresse. Amostras do zooplâncton e dados abióticos foram coletados em uma estação durante um ciclo completo de marés em julho de 2001 e em fevereiro de 2002, correspondendo aos períodos chuvoso e seco, respectivamente. O regime de salinidade variou de euhalino a polihalino. O fosfato e o oxigênio dissolvidos foram mais elevados em julho 2001, e o nitrito, o nitrato e a amônia, em fevereiro 2002. As concentrações de clorofila-a foram baixas devido à limitação da luz, com valores médios de 1,18 ± 0,88 µg.m-3 em fevereiro e 1,53 ± 1,48 µg.m-3 em julho. Foram identificados 59 taxa zooplanctônicos. O microzooplâncton foi abundante, principalmente o tintinídeo Favella ehrenbergii, que variou de 18.649 ind.m-3 em julho a 678.009 ind.m-3 em fevereiro. O mesozooplâncton variou de 1.537 ind.m-3 em julho a 37.062 ind.m-3 em fevereiro e foi dominado por náuplios de Cirripedia em julho e por Copepoda em fevereiro. A análise de agrupamento por taxa revelou a existência de três grupos: espécies resilientes, características de áreas estuarinas de ocorrência contínua; espécies que dominaram em julho (indicadores de uma melhor condição ambiental); e espécies mais abundantes em fevereiro (tolerantes à baixa qualidade da água).

Zooplankton community dynamics in relation to the seasonal cycle and nutrient inputs in an urban tropical estuary in Brazil.

Micro- and mesozooplankton were studied in the Sergipe estuary, northeastern Brazil, in order to assess the temporal variability in abundance and biodiversity under stressed conditions (urban pollution). Zooplankton samples and abiotic data were collected at one station during a full tidal cycle in July 2001 and in February 2002, corresponding to the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The salinity regime was euhaline-polyhaline. Phosphate and dissolved oxygen were higher in July 2001, and nitrite, nitrate and ammonia in February 2002. Chlorophyll-a concentrations were low as a result of light limitation, with 1.18 +/- 0.88 microg x m(-3) in February and 1.53 +/- 1.48 microg x m(-3) in July. Fifty-nine zooplankton taxa were identified. Microzooplankton were abundant, mainly the tintinnid Favella ehrenbergii, and ranged from 18,649 ind x m(-3) in July to 678,009 ind x m(-3) in February. Mesozooplankton ranged from 1,537 ind x m(-3) in July to 37,062 ind x m(-3) in February and were dominated by barnacle nauplii in July and by copepods in February. The cluster analysis by taxa revealed the existence of three distinct groups: resilient species, characteristic of estuarine areas and occurring during all the year; species mainly more abundant in July (indicators of a healthier environmental condition); and species more abundant in February (tolerant to poor water quality).

[Pediatric varicocele]. / O varicocelo em idade pediátrica.

The treatment of pediatric varicocele has recently been given a special importance due to clinical and experimental evidence of testicular atrophy and histological changes in 50% of homolateral and sometimes in contralateral testis. Those changes are progressive and similar to those in infertile adults with varicocele. Between 1st January 1990 and 31st December 1994, 41 boys (five to 15 years old--mean age 11.9 years) were presented for evaluation of primary varicocele at the Pediatric Surgery Department of Dona Estefânia Hospital. The varicocele was left sided in 39 boys, bilateral in one and another on the right, with a predominance of grade II. Forty patients underwent varicocelectomy, 31 (77%) by the Ivanisevìc technique. Varicocele recurred in four cases (10%). The authors discuss the results and make some considerations concerning the management of varicocele in children.

[Free me from this nail! Please!]. / Livrem-me desta unha! Por favor!

Ingrowing toenails are a very frequent pathology in children and adolescents. There is an anatomic component, but also other factors, such as inadequate shoes and incorrect nail-trimming. We treated 47 patients with 69 ingrowing toenails, between one and 15 years of age. The evolution time was one month to 10 years and 11 patients had precedent surgeries. Lateral electrosurgical matricectomy was the choice technique. With a follow up of at least eight months, there is only one case of recurrence.

[Medical transfers of children from Portuguese speaking African countries]. / Transferência sanitária de crianças dos países Africanos de língua oficial Portuguesa.

We reviewed the files of children coming from Portuguese speaking African Countries, admitted to the Surgery Department of Dona Estefânia Hospital between January 1991 and January 1997. There were 108 Medical Transfers: 17 from Angola, 47 from Cape Verde, 26 from Guinea-Bissau, 16 from S. Tomé and Príncipe and none from Mozambique. The assessment of the results and the medical course of these children leads the authors to propose changes, especially in the choice of patients and in hospital assistance, in order to achieve the best ratio between costs and results.

Ilio-psoas abscess in the neonate.

Ilio-psoas abscess is rare in children and exceptional in the neonate. This report describes a case of idiopathic ilio-psoas abscess in a neonate with no etiologic factor known. The diagnosis was made by ultrasonography and computed axial tomography. The treatment was extraperitoneal surgical drainage and systemic antibiotics.

[Hand and foot infections in children]. / Infecções da mão e do pé na criança.

Hand and Foot anatomic and physiologic characteristics make the infections, located there, acquire specific aspects. Seventy seven in-patients admitted and/or with follow-up at the out-patient clinic of Dona Estefãnia Hospital with Hand (25) and Foot (52) infections, were reviewed during the period between January 1991 and January 1994. We treated, out-patients with paronychia (7 of the hand and 42 of the foot), one patient with hand pulpitis, and one with dorsum hand cellulitis. The remaining 16 with hand infection (64%) and 15 with foot infection (29%) were being treated with splint in the position of rest, elevation of the affected limb and endovenous antibiotic therapy. In all abscess cases, surgical drainage was conducted, 16 the of hand and 22 of the foot. There were no sequels in hand infection. In foot infection there was one osteitis of the first metatarsus and a cutaneous fistula.