[Intra-retinal vein cannulation without tissue-type plasminogen activator for hemi-central retinal artery occlusion].

A 19-year-old woman presented sudden visual loss in the left eye for 1 day. Ophthalmic examination showed superior hemi-retinal whitening with thickening of the inner retinal layer and shadowing of the outer retina layer and delayed perfusion of the superior hemi-retinal artery and cilioretinal artery. We performed surgery at 34 hours after the onset. After vitrectomy, a 48G micro-needle was connected to the 1-cc syringe of the viscous fluid control unit of the vitrectomy machine. The needle tip was inserted into the lumen of the superior peripapillary branch retinal vein. Then balanced salt solution was injected without tissue-type plasminogen activator, till it entered the vein and nearby artery. After surgery, the patient's visual acuity restored to 1.0 at 7 days and kept unchanged for 4 weeks. This is the first report on intra-retinal vein cannulation without tissue-type plasminogen activator for 34 hours of hemi-central retinal artery occlusion. It is worth trying for improving visual acuity despite certain morphologic damage. ( Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56: 536-538).

[Analysis of changes in clinical characteristics and laboratory indexes of 54 cases of acute fatty liver of pregnancy].

Objective: To investigate the changes in clinical characteristics and laboratory indexes before and after the termination of pregnancy in patients with acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP). Methods: Patients with acute fatty liver of pregnancy who had been admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Chongqing Municipal People's Hospital of Jiangbei District between 2007 and 2018 were selected. Clinical characteristics and complications during diagnosis and treatment, changes in blood coagulation, liver and kidney function, and postpartum recovery were collected for retrospectively analysis. Results: 54 cases with average gestational age of 35.0±1.7 weeks at third trimester of pregnancy with AFLP were treated. The most common gastrointestinal symptoms were yellow urine, nausea and vomiting. All patients had elevated bilirubin. 90.7% patients had changes in blood coagulation function and 68.5% had elevated serum creatinine. Transaminase levels were dropped rapidly within 1-2 days after the termination of pregnancy. Total bilirubin recovery was slow and partially recovered after 6-8 days. Serum creatinine and BUN increased slightly after delivery, reaching a peak at 3-4 days and then began to deplete. There was slight change in prothrombin time and fibrinogen after delivery, but returned to normal level after 5-6 days. The most common complications were AKI (74.1%), LF (42.6%), PPH (40.7%) and DIC (33.3%). Twenty-three of the 54 cases (42.6%) progressed to acute liver failure. AFLP complicated with ALF course was significantly longer than healthy controls, and the disease severity was significantly increased, with a mortality rate of 17.4% (4/23), and 0 in healthy controls. The difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and termination of pregnancy are the key factors to determine the prognosis of pregnant patients with acute fatty liver. Blood coagulation function does not deteriorate after termination of pregnancy and renal function begins to recover after 4 days with slight restoration of liver function. The control of complications is an important factor to determine the prognosis of patients.

High performance composites of spinel LiMn2O4/3DG for lithium ion batteries.

A highly crystalline nanosized spinel LiMn2O4/3DG composite cathode material for high rate lithium ion batteries was successfully prepared by mixing spinel LiMn2O4 particles with reduced graphene oxide (3DG). Spinel LiMn2O4 and reduced three-dimensional graphene oxide were synthesized using a hydrothermal method and freeze-drying technology, respectively. The structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of the synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charge-discharge techniques. The results showed that the LiMn2O4/3DG composites exhibited excellent rate capability and stable cycling performance. The discharge capacity was 131 mA h g-1 and the capacity remains at 89.3% after 100 cycles at a 0.5 C rate, while the discharge capacity was 90 mA h g-1 at 10 C. Compared with spinel LiMn2O4 materials, the LiMn2O4/3DG composites showed obvious improvement in electrochemical performance.

Study on the distribution of CD8+ memory T cell subsets and IFN-γ level during the spontaneous clearance of hepatitis B virus in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

OBJECTIVE: To study the alteration of CD8+ memory T cell subsets under different immune statuses during the spontaneous clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Chinese patients with chronic HBV infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed Chinese patients with chronic HBV infection including 10 patients with Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) spontaneous seroconversion, 25 patients with Hepatitis B virus e Antigen (HBeAg) spontaneous seroconversion, 25 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and 25 chronic HBV carriers. The CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood were isolated, and flow cytometry was used to determine the percent change of CD8+ T memory cell subsets. ELISA was used to measure the levels of Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion from CD8+ T cells. RESULTS: (1) The percentage of CD8+ TN cells in peripheral blood was lower in the HBsAg seroconversion group than in the HBeAg seroconversion group (p<0.01), and higher in the CHB group and chronic HBV carrier group (p<0.01, 0.01); (2) The percentage of CD8+ TEM-2 memory T cells in peripheral blood was higher in the HBsAg seroconversion group than the HBeAg seroconversion group (p<0.05), CHB group, and chronic HBV carrier group (p<0.01, 0.01); (3) The percentage of CD8+ TEM-1 and CD8+ TCM cells in peripheral blood was higher in the CHB group and HBV carrier group than the HBsAg seroconversion group and HBeAg group, but there were no significant differences between groups (p>0.05); (4) IFN-γ production from CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood was higher in the HBsAg seroconversion group than the HBeAg seroconversion group (p<0.05), CHB group, and chronic HBV carrier group (p<0.05, 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The consistent increase of CD8+ TEM-2 cell subsets may be an important cause of spontaneous clearance of HBV. The disorder of CD8+ memory T cell differentiation may be an important mechanism of chronic HBV infection.

Comparison of 208-week sequential therapy with telbivudine and entecavir in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with suboptimal responses to 24 weeks of Peg-IFNα-2a therapy: An open-labelled, randomized, controlled, "real-life" trial.

The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of 208-week sequential therapy with telbivudine and entecavir in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with suboptimal responses to 24 weeks of Peg-IFNα-2a therapy. This was an open-label, randomized, controlled, "real-life" trial. HBeAg-positive CHB patients with serum HBV DNA ≥5.0 lg IU/mL and a < 1 lg IU/mL decline of HBsAg level from baseline who underwent at least 24 weeks of Peg-IFNα-2a therapy were included. Enrolled patients were randomized to receive either telbivudine (600 mg/d, n = 95) or entecavir (0.5 mg/d, n = 95) for 208 consecutive weeks. Six patients were lost to follow-up (4 patients in the telbivudine group and 2 in the entecavir group). Treatment was combined with adefovir when week 24 HBV DNA levels declined to <2 lg IU/mL versus baseline, when viral breakthrough occurred during treatment,or when HBV DNA remained detectable at 52 weeks (HBV DNA ≥500 IU/mL). Responses and safety were assessed after 208 weeks of treatment. There were no significant differences among the baseline characteristics, including age, gender, and ALT, HBV DNA, HBsAg or HBeAg levels. After 208 weeks of treatment, there was no significant difference in the rates of undetectable HBV DNA (HBV DNA<500 IU/mL) between the telbivudine group and the entecavir group (84/91,92.31% vs 88/93,94.62%, respectively, P = .525). More patients in the telbivudine group than the entecavir group achieved HBeAg clearance (74.73% vs 46.24%, respectively, P < .001) and HBeAg seroconversion (64.84% vs 38.71%, respectively, P < .001). Univariate analysis (Enter, a = 0.05) of both groups showed that telbivudine, male gender and baseline HBeAg levels were significantly correlated with HBeAg seroconversion after 208 weeks of sequential therapy. Cox regression analysis (Enter, a = 0.05) of the telbivudine group showed that the HBeAg seroconversion rate at 208 weeks was significantly correlated with gender (male) (P = .006, HR=4.406), baseline HBeAg level (P = .005, HR=0.433) and 24 w-HBeAg level reduction of more than 0.5 lg IU/ml from baseline (P = .027, HR=0.487). All patients tolerated sequential telbivudine treatment; only slightly elevated creatine kinase levels were observed. Stratification analysis found that patients with baseline HBeAg levels less than 3 lg COI who switched to telbivudine may have had significantly improved HBeAg seroconversion rates. In conclusion, telbivudine promotes HBeAg seroconversion that merits investigation in HBeAg-positive CHB patients with suboptimal responses to 24 weeks of Peg-IFNα-2a therapy. We would suggest that patients with baseline HBeAg levels under 3 lg COI switch to telbivudine to achieve higher HBeAg seroconversion rates and use the early reductions in HBeAg levels (24 weeks) to guide treatment.

[Clinical effect of 156-week telbivudine sequential therapy in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with suboptimal response to pegylated interferon-α-2a therapy].

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of 156-week telbivudine sequential therapy in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with suboptimal response to pegylated interferon-α-2a (Peg-IFN-α-2a) therapy. Methods: A total of 35 HBeAg-positive CHB patients with HBV DNA < 500 IU/ml who were treated with Peg-IFN-α-2a for 48 weeks and did not experience seroconversion of HBeAg were given telbivudine sequential therapy for 156 weeks. HBeAg clearance rate, HBeAg seroconversion rate, HBV DNA clearance rate, safety, and drug resistance rate were analyzed. The t-test was used for the analysis of continuous data and the chi-square test was used for the analysis of categorical data. A multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors for HBeAg seroconversion. Results: Telbivudine sequential therapy achieved an ideal HBeAg seroconversion rate of 87.88% with good tolerability and low drug resistance. The HBeAg clearance rate and HBeAg seroconversion rate increased over the time of treatment and were 45.45% and 45.45%, respectively, at 24 weeks and 93.94% and 87.88%, respectively, at 156 weeks. No patient had virologic breakthrough or HBsAg clearance during treatment. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that baseline HBsAg level (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.404, P = 0.003) and > 0.5 lg IU/ml reduction in HBeAg at 24 weeks (HR = 2.196, P = 0.048) were predictive factors for HBeAg seroconversion at 156 weeks. Conclusions: In HBeAg-positive CHB patients with suboptimal response to Peg-IFN-α-2a therapy, 156-week telbivudine sequential therapy has a good clinical effect and can be used as an optimal regimen for such patients.

[Optimal treatment regimen for patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B after suboptimal response to 24 weeks of Peg-IFN α-2a].

Objective: To investigate the optimal treatment regimen for patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) after suboptimal response to 24 weeks of pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) α-2a. Methods: A total of 188 patients with HBeAg-positive CHB who had suboptimal response to 24 weeks of Peg-IFN α-2a were randomly divided into entecavir group (n = 93) and telbivudine group (n = 95). The two groups received entecavir 0.5 mg/d and telbivudine 0.6 g/d, respectively, for 208 weeks. After 208 weeks of treatment, the following indices were assessed: HBeAg clearance rate and seroconversion rate, hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA clearance rate (HBV DNA < 500 IU/ml), safety, and drug resistance rate. The data were subjected to intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis and per protocol (PP) analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for the drugs used and baseline characteristics in patients with or without HBeAg seroconversion, and stratification analysis was performed based on the baseline HBeAg level. Results: Six cases in the entecavir group and four cases in the telbivudine group did not complete the treatment. Sequential entecavir and telbivudine were well tolerated and safe for all patients. There was a significant difference in HBV DNA clearance rate at 52 weeks of treatment between the entecavir group and the telbivudine group (ITT analysis: 93.55% [87/93] vs 77.89% [74/95], χ (2) = 9.363, P = 0.002; PP analysis: 93.10% [81/87] vs 76.92% [70/91], χ (2) = 9.049, P = 0.003). The suppression rates of HBV DNA at 208 weeks of treatment were 95.70% (89/93) vs 92.63% (88/95) (ITT analysis) and 95.40% (83/87) vs 92.31% (84/91) (PP analysis). There was a significant difference in HBeAg seroconversion rate at 208 weeks of treatment between the entecavir group and the telbivudine group (ITT analysis: 38.71% [36/93] vs 62.11% [59/95], χ (2) = 10.290, P = 0.001; PP analysis: 41.38% [36/87] vs 64.84% [59/91], χ (2) = 9.833, P = 0.002). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses suggested that sequential use of telbivudine, male sex, and the baseline level of HBeAg were significantly associated with HBeAg seroconversion at 208 weeks of treatment (P = 0.003, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.386; P = 0.009, HR = 0.303; P = 0.001, HR = 3.502). Conclusion: For patients with HBeAg-positive CHB after suboptimal response to 24 weeks of Peg-IFNα-2a, sequential use of telbivudine is the optimal treatment regimen according to the baseline level of HBeAg (baseline guidance). The incidence of HBeAg seroconversion during 208 weeks of sequential treatment can be significantly increased according to the HBeAg decline curve in early treatment (24 weeks) and 104 weeks (response guidance).

[Efficacy of 104-week sequential therapy with telbivudine or entecavir in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with suboptimal responses to 24-week therapy with pegylated interferon-α-2a].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of 104-week sequential therapy with telbivudine or entecavir in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with suboptimal responses to 24-week pegylated interferon-α-2a (PEG-IFN-α-2a) therapy. METHODS: A total of 130 HBeAg-positive CHB patients with HBV DNA≥5.0 lg IU/ml and a reduction in HBsAg quantitation < 1 lg IU/ml compared with baseline who received PEG-IFN-α-2a therapy for 24 weeks were enrolled and randomly divided into telbivudine group and entecavir group, and 5 of them were lost. HBeAg clearance rate and seroconversion rate, HBV DNA clearance rate, safety, and drug resistance rate at week 104 were observed. The t-test, chi-square test, or multivariate Cox regression analysis were used for statistical analysis of different types of data. RESULTS: At week 104 of treatment, HBV DNA clearance rate showed no significant difference between the telbivudine group and entecavir group (P = 0.363), and the telbivudine group had significantly higher HBeAg clearance rate and HBeAg seroconversion rate than the entecavir group (HBeAg clearance rate: 61.29% vs 23.81%, P < 0.01; HBeAg seroconversion rate: 51.61% vs 19.05%, P < 0.01). Male sex and telbivudine therapy were baseline predictors of HBeAg seroconversion. The multivariate Cox regression analysis (Forward LR, a = 0.05) showed that the presence or absence of HBeAg seroconversion at week 104 was significantly associated with male sex (HR = 4.917), a reduction in HBsAg > 0.5 lg IU/ml at week 12 of treatment compared baseline (HR = 3.514), and a reduction in HBeAg > 1 lg COI at week 12 of treatment compared baseline (HR = 8.651). CONCLUSION: In HBeAg-positive CHB patients with suboptimal responses to 24-week PEG-IFNα-2a therapy, the sequential therapy with telbivudine helps achieve better HBeAg clearance rate and seroconversion rate compared with the sequential therapy with entecavir and can be used as a therapeutic regimen for such patients. A reduction in HBeAg > 1 lg COI at week 12 of treatment compared baseline can be used as a predictive factor for HBeAg seroconversion at week 104.

Effects of energy controllable steep pulses on intracellular calcium concentration and cell membrane potential.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Our previous experiments showed that steep pulses could kill tumor cells, but the mechanism is unclear yet. This study was to probe the effects of different dosages of energy controllable steep pulses on intracellular concentration of dissociative calcium ion ([Ca2+]i) and cell membrane potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mammary carcinoma cells MDA-MB-231 were divided into control group and 5 different dosages of Energy Controllable Steep Pulses (ECSP) treatment groups. The calcium ion in each group was labeled by Fluo-3/AM individually and the cell membrane potential was labeled by DiBAC4 (3). The mean fluorescence intensity of fluorescent probe in mammary carcinoma cells was observed in quiet state by laser confocal microscopy after ECSP treatment The changes of calcium concentration and cell membrane potential in cells after ECSP treatment were analyzed. The changes of intracellular [Ca2+]i after ECSP treatment were also observed with and without calcium ion outside of the cells. RESULTS: The calcium ion outside of cells influx with lower dosage of pulse in quiet state. With the dosage increase, the intracellular calcium ion outflow. In real time kinetic detection, the mean fluorescence intensity of intracellular calcium ion was increased with the pulse electric field intensity raised in the lower ECSP. When the voltage was 285V, frequency was 100Hz, the [Ca2+]i decreased. The increase of intracellular calcium ion concentration was decreased without calcium ion than with calcium ion outside of cells, but still raised gradually. The lower dosage of ECSP could induce the fluorescence intensity of DiBAC4 (3) in cells increase, which showed that the lower dosage of ECSP could induce the depolarization of cells. With the dosage raised, the fluorescence intensity of DiBAC4 (3) in cells attenuated. This dosage of ECSP could induce the superpolarization of cell membrane. CONCLUSIONS: The lower dosage of ECSP can induce the depolarization of cell membrane and induce the inter flow of calcium ion outside of cell membrane. The higher dosage of ECSP can directly destroy the cell membrane and induce the superpolarization of cell membrane, then induce the outflow of intracellular calcium ion which causes the necrosis of tumor cells.

Junction temperature measurement of light emitting diode by electroluminescence.

Junction temperature (JT) is a key parameter of the performance and lifetime of light emitting diodes (LEDs). In this paper, a mobile instrument system has been developed for the non-contact measurement of JTs of LED under LabVIEW control. The electroluminescence (EL) peak shift of the LED is explored to measure the JT. Commercially available high power blue LEDs are measured. A linear relation between emission peak shift and JT is found. The accuracy of the JT is about 1 °C determined by the precision of the emission peak shift, ±0.03 nm, at 3σ standard deviation for blue LED. Using this system, on-line temperature rise curves of LED lamps are determined.

Epstein-Barr virus-associated pneumonia in patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation or infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) most often induces post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD), but it also may be associated with clinical symptoms such as pneumonia. Our aim was to investigate and describe the clinical manifestations of PTLD and PTLD accompanied by EBV-associated pneumonia in 323 patients after HSCT. PTLD within extravisceral lymphoid tissue was identified in 7 cases (5 with CD20(+) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 1 with CD20(+) polymorphic B-cell hyperplasia, and 1 with CD3(+)CD45RO(+) peripheral T-cell lymphoma unspecified). Six of the patients with PTLD were EBV positive. Three patients had EBV-associated pneumonia, and chest computed tomography revealed multifocal patchy and diffuse ground-glass attenuation in both lungs. EBV-DNA was positive in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, which contained mainly CD3(+) T cells but no CD19(+) or CD20(+) B cells. Lung biopsy showed interstitial intra-alveolar infiltrates of mainly CD3(+) T cells and some CD68(+) macrophages without CD19(+) and CD20(+) B cells. The patients with PTLD accompanied by EBV-associated pneumonia developed hyperpyrexia and dyspnea, which progressed rapidly, and eventually all died within 2 weeks of the onset of PTLD. EBV-associated PTLD accompanied by EBV-associated pneumonia after HSCT is rare. Cytology of BAL fluid and lung biopsy may help establish the diagnosis.

A new naphthaquinone derivative from Chirita eburnea.

A new compound, methyl 3-(4'-hydroxyphenethylamino)-1,4-dihydro-1,4-dioxonaphthalene-2-carboxylate (1) was isolated from Chirita eburnea. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of 1D NMR, 2D NMR and MS analysis.

Sesquiterpenoids from Magnolia grandiflora.

Three new sesquiterpenoids were obtained from the leaves of Magnolia grandiflora L. Their structures were determined as 6 alpha,11-dihydroxy-12,13-diacetoxyelem-1,3-diene, 4 alpha,6 alpha,10 alpha-trihydroxy-13-acetoxyguaia-11-ene, and 12,13-diacetoxyguaia-4 alpha,6 alpha,10 alpha,11-tetraol on the basis of spectral evidence. In addition, the known sesquiterpenoid magnograndiolide was also obtained.

Two new germacranolides from Magnolia grandiflora.

Two new sesquiterpenoids, 4,5-epoxy-13-methoxy-1(10)-germacren-12,6-olide and 4,5-epoxy-13-acetoxy-1(10)-germacren-12,6-olide, were isolated from the leaves of Magnolia grandiflora, together with six known compounds, 2alpha-hydroxy-dihydroparthenolide, parthenolide, costunolide, syringaresinol, (+) medioresinol and 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods and X-ray diffraction.

ent-Pimarane derivatives from Dysoxylum hainanense.

Four ent-pimarene diterpenoids. ent-18-acetoxy-8(14)-pimarene-15S, 16-diol, ent-18-acetoxy-16-hydroxy-8(14)-pimaren-15-one, ent-16,18-dihydroxy-8(14)-pimaren-15-one and ent-19-nor-4,16,18-trihydroxy-8(14)-pimaren-15-one, together with three known damarane triterpenoids, richenoic acid, eichleriainic acid and shoreic acid were isolated from the bark of Dysoxyhum hainanense Merr. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques. The absolute configurations of four diterpenoids were assigned as ent-pimarene type by chemical transformation and by co-occurrence in the plant as well as by negative optical rotations for four compounds.

[Modification of membrane lipid of human umbilical vein endothelia cells after direct lipopolysaccharide injury].

Our previous study showed that the membrane viscosity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) increased with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration after direct LPS damaging, implying that LPS could change the membrane structure and composition of HUVECs. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the modification of HUVECs membrane lipid by LPS under direct LPS injury to HUVECs. Phospholipid components of HUVEC membrane were determined with high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE), and HUVECs were directly damaged by LPS of different concentrations: 0, 0.313, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 microgram/ml for 3 h, and by 0.625 microgram/ml for 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. The results show that total phospholipid content of HUVECs increased with the increase of LPS concentration at 3 h, and decreased with the duration of LPS effect at 0.625 microgram/ml. Phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) contents increased with the increase of LPS concentration and decreased with the duration of LPS effect; LPS contents and its effect duration had slight effect on sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) or phosphatidylserine (PS) contents. The LPS activating effect of HUVEC membrane lipid showed a typical property of enzymatic dynamics. These experimental results indicate that LPS directly activates the metabolism of HUVEC membrane lipid and induces the modification of HUVEC membrane phospholipid, which implies that the mechanism of the impairment of HUVECs by LPS may be related to the membrane structure of HUVECs and the metabolism of HUVEC membrane lipid.

A new triterpenoid from Azadirachta indica.

A new triterpenoid, 1 alpha,7 alpha-diacetoxyapotirucall-14-en e-3 alpha, 21,22,24,25-pentaol (1), and the two known compounds odoratone (2) and 2 beta,3 beta,4 beta-trihydroxypregnan-16-o ne (3) were isolated from a methanolic extract of the seed kernels of Azadirachta indica. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral methods.

Tirucallane triterpenoids from Dysoxylum hainanense.

Four tirucallane derivatives, 3beta,22S-dihydroxy-tirucalla-7,24-dien-23-one, 22,23-epoxy-tirucalla-7-ene-3beta,24,25-triol, 3beta,25-dihydroxy-tirucalla-7,23-diene, 23,26-dihydroxy-tirucalla-7,24-dien-3-one, together with two known triterpenoids, 24,25-epoxy-3beta,23-dihydroxy-7-tirucallene, tirucalla-7,24-diene-3beta,23-diol, were isolated from Dysoxylum hainanense. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence.

Tetranortriterpenoids from Walsura yunnanensis.

Five new tetranortriterpenoids-walsurin (1), isowalsuranolide (2), walsuranolide (3), 11beta-acetoxywalsuranolide (4), and 20, 22-dihydro-22,23-epoxywalsuranolide (5)-and three new natural tetranortriterpenoids-11beta-hydroxydihydrocedrelone (6), 11beta-acetoxydihydrocedrelone (7), and 11beta-hydroxycedrelone (8)-together with a known tetranortriterpenoid, cedrelone (9), were isolated from the bark of Walsura yunnanensis. The structures of 1-8 were determined on the basis of spectral evidence.

Two novel secoergosterols from the fungus Tylopilus plumbeoviolaceus.

Two novel secoergosterols, 3beta-hydroxy-8alpha,9alpha-oxido-8, 9-secoergosta-7,9(11),22-triene (tylopiol A) (1) and 3beta-hydroxy-8alpha,9alpha-oxido-8,9-secoergosta-7,22 -dien-12-one (tylopiol B) (2), were isolated from the fresh fruit bodies of Tylopilus plumbeoviolaceus, along with three known compounds, ergosta-7,22-dien-3beta-ol, uridine, and allitol. Their structures were elucidated by NMR techniques, including (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, HMQC, HMBC, and MS. The structure and stereochemistry of compound 1 were demonstrated by X-ray crystallography.