[Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Via Exosome-Mediated MicroRNA and Its Mechanism].

OBJECTIVE: To explore molecular mechanisms by which umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells suppress the development of GVHD after bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: A mouse model of aGVHD was constructed after bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and the umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured, and then injected into the aGVHD mouse model, so as to investigate its prophylactic efficacy. Prophylactic effect of the exosomes isolated from umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells on aGVHD mice was assessed. Sequencing analysis of miRNA from exosomes was performed. RESULTS: aGVHD model was successfully constructed after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. By injecting umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells into the GVHD mouse model, it was found that the treatment significantly prolonged survival time of mice compared to the untreated group. Injection exosomes derived from umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells into the GVHD mouse model significantly prolonged the survival time of mice compared to the untreated group. High-throughput sequencing data showed that microRNA such as miR-21 in exosomes isolated from umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells, which mainly affected the signaling pathways such as cell adhesion, RNA degradation. CONCLUSION: The umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells can prevent the occurrence of aGVHD after HSCT, which is mediate by MicroRNA in the exosomes derived from umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

[Analysis of Success Rate and Influencing Factors for Collecting Peripheral Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells by Combination of CTX or E-CHOP Chemotherapy with Mobilization of G-CSF in Patients with Multiple Myeloma].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the success rate and influencing factors for collecting peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) by combination of cyclophosphamide (CTX) or E-CHOP chemotherapy combined with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in patients with multiple myeloma. METHODS: The clinical data of 75 patients with multiple myeloma in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received CTX or E-CHOP chemotherapy combined with G-CSF mobilization to collect HSC, and the success rate (CD34+ cell numbers was at least 2×106/kg) and its influencing factors were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 86 collections by mobilization were performed in 75 patients, with the average 3.22 (0.12-22.28)×106/kg of CD34+ cells, and the success rate of 74.42%. Single factor analysis revealed that the course number of chemotherapy and disease status before the collection significantly correlated with the success rate of HSC collection (P<0.05), and sex, age, disease type, ISS stage and mobilization method showed no significant correlation with the collection success rate (P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the course number of chemotherapy positively related with the success rate of HSC collection (OR=2.95, 95% CI: 1.60-5.41, P<0.01), and there was no significant correlation with the disease status before collection (OR=1.01, 95% CI: 0.88-1.16, P=0.89). CONCLUSION: There are no significant effects of sex, disease type, ISS staging and mobilization methods on the success rate of HSC collection in patients with multiple myeloma, and the less course number of chemotherapy (<5) before collection show a higher success rate of HSC collection.

Vasospastic angina with J waves formation in patients with sudden loss of consciousness.

Vasospastic angina is caused by sudden occlusive vasoconstriction of a segment of an epicardial artery, which can present with a wide spectrum of clinical scenario. We report the cases of two patients diagnosed with vasospastic angina, with one of which presenting with sudden cardiac arrest, while the other presenting with a relatively benign syncope. But both of them have J waves formation on ECG during active ischemia. The diagnosis and management of vasospastic angina, as well as the proposed clinical significance of J waves during coronary spasm are discussed.

Effects of mixing and covering with mature compost on gaseous emissions during composting.

This study investigated effects of mature compost on gaseous emissions during composting using pig manure amended with corn stalks. Apart from a control treatment, three treatments were conducted with the addition of 5% (wet weight of raw materials) of mature compost: (a) mixing raw materials with mature compost at the beginning of composting; (b) covering raw materials with mature compost throughout the experimental period; and (c) covering raw materials with mature compost at the start of composting, but incorporating it into composting pile on day 6 of composting. Mature compost used for the last treatment was inoculated with 2% (wet weight) of raw materials of strain M5 (a methanotrophic bacterium) solution. During 30-d of composting, three treatments with the addition of mature compost could reduce CH4 emission by 53-64% and N2O emission by 43-71%. However, covering with mature compost throughout the experimental period increased cumulative NH3 emission by 61%, although it could reduce 34% NH3 emission in the first 3d. Inoculating strain M5 in mature compost covered on the top of composting pile within first 6d enhanced CH4 oxidation, but simultaneously increased N2O emission. In addition, mixing with mature compost could improve compost maturity. Given the operational convenience in practice, covering with mature compost and then incorporating it into composting pile is a suitable approach to mitigate gaseous emissions during composting.

[Optimization for MSW logistics of new Xicheng and new Dongcheng districts in Beijing based on the maximum capacity of transfer stations].

It is necessary to achieve the optimization for MSW logistics based on the new Xicheng (combining the former Xicheng and the former Xuanwu districts) and the new Dongcheng (combining the former Dongcheng and the former Chongwen districts) districts of Beijing. Based on the analysis of current MSW logistics system, transfer station's processing capacity and the terminal treatment facilities' conditions of the four former districts and other districts, a MSW logistics system was built by GIS methods considering transregional treatment. This article analyzes the MSW material balance of current and new logistics systems. Results show that the optimization scheme could reduce the MSW collection distance of the new Xicheng and the new Dongcheng by 9.3 x 10(5) km x a(-1), reduced by 10% compared with current logistics. Under the new logistics solution, considering transregional treatment, can reduce landfill treatment of untreated MSW about 28.3%. If the construction of three incineration plants finished based on the new logistics, the system's optimal ratio of incineration: biochemical treatment: landfill can reach 3.8 : 4.5 : 1.7 compared with 1 : 4.8 : 4.2, which is the ratio of current MSW logistics. The ratio of the amount of incineration: biochemical treatment: landfill approximately reach 4 : 3 : 3 which is the target for 2015. The research results are benefit in increasing MSW utilization and reduction rate of the new Dongcheng and Xicheng districts and nearby districts.

Gaseous emission during the composting of pig feces from Chinese Ganqinfen system.

The Ganqinfen system - a process of manually cleaning animal feces by means of a shovel - is a widely used manure separating method in Chinese pig farms. Ganqinfen pig feces and chopped corn stalks were mixed at the ratio of 7:1, and composted in 1.5 m(3) rotting boxes for 70 d. Evolution of CH(4), N(2)O and NH(3) during composting, and the effects of turning and covering, were studied in this research. Results showed that 20-39% and 0.5-4% of total nitrogen were lost in the form of NH(3) and N(2)O respectively, and 0.1-0.9% of initial organic carbon was emitted as CH(4). Turning enhanced air exchange in the piles, thus decreasing CH(4) emission by 83-93% and shortening the maturing period. When trials were finished, all non-turned piles were separated to three layers by moisture content. This structure caused the N(2)O losses of non-turning treatments to be 6-12.7 times higher than that of turning treatments. Covering materials reduced air exchange at the surface of the pile, thus decreasing the O(2) supply and consequently increasing CH(4) production by 33-45%. Covering also reduced NH(3) emission by 4-34%. For the composting of Ganqinfen pig feces, we suggest that a program of turning twice weekly without covering will result in compost that is sufficiently matured after 6 wk with the lowest resultant greenhouse gas emission.

Personal experience in pediatric emergency medicine training in Canada and China.

Currently, pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) as practiced in many developed countries is different from ours in China. Chinese pediatric emergency medicine is just children's internal medicine and does not include general surgery, ear-nose-throat, etc. If children have an emergency condition that require specialized treatments they need to go to different departments. However in Canada, the pediatric emergency physicians will first treat the patients whatever the condition, then, if it is a complicated sub specialty problem, they will consult the specialist or let the patient see the specialist later. In addition, resuscitation is done in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in China, but it is done in the emergency room in Canada. This article compares the differences in the pediatric emergency systems in Canada and China and also introduces the international standard system of pediatric triage.

[Nitrogen status diagnosis by using digital photography analysis for organic fertilized maize].

It need a relative long term for the maize nitrogen status diagnosis with a destroyed samples taking. In the present research, a pot experiment with different organic fertilizer and different fertilizer amount input was conducted to study the possibility of using digital photography analysis technology to monitor the N status of organic fertilized maize at 10 leaves unfold stage. The results showed that the greenness intensity (GI) and redness intensity (RI) from maize canopy image had significant inverse linear correlations with the conventional N diagnosis parameters of SPAD readings, upland biomass and upland N uptake. However the blueness intensity (BI) had no significant correlations with those maize N indexes. The correlation coefficient values (r) were from 0.40 to 0.45 for GI, and from 0.45 to 0.53 for RI. To sum totally, the visible digital image color analysis method can be used for the organic fertilized maize N diagnosis at 10 leaves unfold stage. The redness intensity was a relatively better index than others for the organic fertilized maize N status diagnosis in this experimental condition.

Synthesis, characterization and fluorescence properties of Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes with novel mono-substituted beta-diketone ligands and 1,10-phenanthroline.

Two novel pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid derivatives of mono-beta-diketone, methyl 6-benzoylacetyl-2-pyridinecarboxylate (MBAP) and 6-benzoylacetyl-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid (BAPA) and their Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, (1)H NMR and TG-DTG. Moreover, their Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes using 1,10-phenanthroline as a secondary ligand were prepared and characterized. The luminescence properties of these complexes in solid state were investigated in detail. The results suggested that Tb(III) complexes exhibit more efficient luminescence than Eu(III) complexes, the fluorescence intensity of Ln(III) complexes with BAPA is about twice as strong as that of Ln(III) complexes with MBAP, the fluorescence of mono-beta-diketone complexes using 1,10-phenanthroline as a secondary ligand was prominently higher than that of complexes without adding 1,10-phenanthroline, and the ligand BAPA is an excellent sensitizer to Eu(III) and Tb(III) ion.

Investigations into the synthesis and fluorescence properties of Tb(III) complexes of a novel bis-beta-diketone-type ligand and a novel bispyrazole ligand.

A novel bis-beta-diketone organic ligand, 1,1'-(2,6-bispyridyl)bis-3-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanedione (L1) and its derivatives, a novel bispyrazole ligand, 2,6-bis(5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine (L2) were designed and synthesized and their complexes with Tb(III) ion were successfully prepared. The ligands and the corresponding metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and TG-DTA. Analysis of the IR spectra suggested that the lanthanide metal ion Tb(III) coordinated to the ligands via the nitrogen atom of the pyridine ring and the carbonyl oxygen atoms for ligand L1 and the nitrogen atom of the pyrazole ring for ligand L2. The fluorescence properties of the two complexes in solid state were investigated and it was discovered that the Tb(III) ions could be sensitized by both the ligand (L1) and ligand (L2) to some extent. In particular, the complex of ligand (L2) is a better green luminescent material that could be used as a candidate material in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) since it could be much better sensitized by the ligand (L2), and the fluorescence intensity of Tb(III) complex of L2 are almost as twice strong as L1's.

Investigations into the synthesis and fluorescence properties of Eu(III), Tb(III), Sm(III) and Gd(III) complexes of a novel bis-beta-diketone-type ligand.

A novel bis-beta-diketon ligand, 1,1'-(2,6-bispyridyl)bis-3-phenyl-1,3-propane-dione (L), was designed and synthesized and its complexes with Eu(III), Tb(III), Sm(III) and Gd(III) ions were successfully prepared. The ligand and the corresponding metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, and infrared, mass and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Analysis of the IR spectra suggested that each of the lanthanide metal ions coordinated to the ligand via the carbonyl oxygen atoms and the nitrogen atom of the pyridine ring. The fluorescence properties of these complexes in solid state were investigated and it was discovered that all of the lanthanide ions could be sensitized by the ligand (L) to some extent. In particular, the Tb(III) complex was an excellent green-emitter and would be a potential candidate material for applications in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) and medical diagnosis.

Ambient air monitoring of Beijing MSW logistics facilities in 2006.

In China, "green" integrated waste management methods are being implemented in response to environmental concerns. We measured the air quality at several municipal solid waste (MSW) sites to provide information for the incorporation of logistics facilities within the current integrated waste management system. We monitored ambient air quality at eight MSW collecting stations, five transfer stations, one composting plant, and five disposal sites in Beijing during April 2006. Composite air samples were collected and analyzed for levels of odor, ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), total suspended particles (TSPs), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The results of our atmospheric monitoring demonstrated that although CO and SO2 were within acceptable emission levels according to ambient standards, levels of H2S, TSP, and NO2 in the ambient air at most MSW logistics facilities far exceeded ambient limits established for China. The primary pollutants in the ambient air at Beijing MSW logistics facilities were H2S, TSPs, NO2, and odor. To improve current environmental conditions at MSW logistics facilities, the Chinese government encourages the separation of biogenic waste from MSW at the source.

[Fuzzy mathematics-based groundwater quality evaluation of six MSW landfills in Beijing].

The qualities of leachate and groundwater of six MSW landfills in wet period, water period and dry period in Beijing in 2006 were analyzed. The results demonstrated that: although BOD5 and suspended solids content in the leachate of Beishenshu landfill were within acceptable levels according to China standards, COD, ammonia, fecal coliform, BOD5 and suspended solids content in other landfills were greatly high above the permissible range of GB 16889-1997 standards. Ammonia and fecal coliform were mostly serious among assaying index. Using fuzzy mathematics, comprehensive evaluation was that: the underground water qualities of six MSW landfills are all substandard and 95% of groundwater quality was bad. The primary pollutants in groundwater of six MSW landfills were total hardness, followed by fecal coliform.

5,5-Bis(hydroxy-meth-yl)-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxane.

In the title compound, C(12)H(16)O(4), the 1,3-dioxane ring adopts a chair conformation; the 2-phenyl substitutent occupies an equatorial position. Adjacent mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a chain.