Laparoscopic antegrade spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with conservation of the splenic vessels: a prospective multi-centre case series (with video).

Introduction: Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (LSPDP) with conservation of the splenic artery and vein (Kimura' technique) is considered a technically challenging procedure that requires a high level of expertise in laparoscopic and pancreatic surgery. Methods: A prospective descriptive study on 18 patients with laparoscopic "antegrade" spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with Kimura' technique from 2018 to 2023. The perioperative indications, clinical data, intraoperative index, pathological postoperative specimens, postoperative complications, and follow-up results were retrospectively evaluated. Results: The mean age was 39.4±13.3. Only 2 male patients accounted for 11.1%. The average operating time is 171±23 min. The average blood loss is 65.7±43 ml. The average tumor size is 4.1 cm. The average hospitalization is 9.4 days. The rate of pancreatic fistula is 66.7%. There is no case of transferring open surgery or blood transfusion during surgery. The results of pathological after surgery there were eight cases of solid pseudopapillary tumors, four cases of mucinous cystadenoma, six cases of neuroendocrine tumors. Conclusion: Kimura's technique for laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy is safe and feasible, which can be applied to benign tumors in the body and tail of the pancreas. However, this is a difficult technique in laparoscopic surgery that requires surgeons to have a lot of experience and equipment need to be adequate.

Feasibility of middle colic artery as a landmark for superior mesenteric artery - first approach in laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND: SMA-first approach in pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) has been widely applied in open surgery as well as laparoscopy. Finding the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), inferior pancreatoduodenal artery (IPDA), first jejunal artery (J1A) has become a great challenge in laparoscopic PD (LPD). Meanwhile, exposing the midde colic artery (MCA) might be a feasible approach to determine SMA, IPDA, and J1A. Our study aims to find the anatomical correlation between MCA and SMA, IPDA, J1A, especially in SMA-first approach LPD from the left. METHODS: Uncontrolled clinical trial with 33 patients undergoing LPD had preoperative contrast abdominal CT scan to analyze the anatomical relevance between MCA and SMA, J1A, IPDA. The operation was performed starting with exposing MCA in advance to find SMA, J1A and IPDA. The data was analyzed by SPSS 25.0. RESULTS: 90.9% of MCA started at 12-3 o'clock from SMA, the mean distance from the SMA root to the MCA and J1A was 56.4 mm and 37.4 mm, respectively. The distance between SMA and J1A was 19 mm. 72.7% J1A started at 9-12 o'clock, 69.7% J1A and IPDA had a common trunk. 78.8% IPDA started at 3-6 o'clock. 100% of the cases had J1A controlled intraoperatively, 81.8% for IPDA when approached from the left, 3% had MCA injury. The mean time to approach from the left was 98 min, median blood loss was 100 ml. CONCLUSION: Exposing MCA first helps determine SMA, J1A and IPDA safely, efficiently and faciliates SMA-first approach LPD from the left and complete dissection of the mesopancreas and lymph nodes.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy with superior mesenteric artery first-approach combined total meso-pancreas excision for periampullary malignancies: A high-volume single-center experience with short-term outcomes.

Backgrounds/Aims: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is the only radical treatment for periampullary malignancies. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) first approach combined with total meso-pancreas (MP) excision was conducted to improve the oncological results. There has not been any previous research of a technique that combines the SMA first approach and total MP excision with a detailed description of the MP macroscopical shape. Methods: We prospectively assessed 77 patients with periampullary malignancies between October 2020 and March 2022 (18 months). All patients had undergone PD with SMA first approach combined total MP excision. The perioperative indications, clinical data, intra-operative index, R0 resection rate of postoperative pathological specimens (especially mesopancreatic margin), postoperative complications, and follow-up results were evaluated. Results: The median operative time was 289.6 min (178-540 min), the median intraoperative blood loss was 209 mL (30-1,600 mL). Microscopically, there were 19 (24.7%) cases with metastatic MP, and five cases (6.5%) with R1-resection of the MP. The number of lymph nodes (LNs) harvested and metastatic LNs were 27.2 (maximum was 74) and 1.8 (maximum was 16), respectively. Some (46.8%) patients had pancreatic fistula, but mostly in grade A, with 7 patients (9.1%) who required re-operations. Some 18.2% of cases developed postoperative refractory diarrhea. The rate of in-hospital mortality was 1.3%. Conclusions: The PD with SMA first approach combined TMpE for periampullary malignancies was effective in achieving superior oncological statistics (rate of MP R0-resection and number of total resected LNs) with non-inferior short-term outcomes. It is necessary to evaluate survival outcomes with long-term follow-up.

Parenchymal-sparing anatomical hepatectomy based on portal ramification of the right anterior section: A prospective multicenter experience with short-term outcomes.

Backgrounds/Aims: Parenchymal-sparing anatomical hepatectomy (Ps-AH) based on portal ramification of the right anterior section (RAS) is a new technique to avoid unnecessarily transecting too much liver parenchyma, especially in cases of major anatomical hepatectomy. Methods: We prospectively assessed 26 patients with primary hepatic malignancies having undergone major Ps-AH based on portal ramification of the RAS from August 2018 to August 2022 (48 months). The perioperative indications, clinical data, intra-operative index, pathological postoperative specimens, postoperative complications, and follow-up results were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Among the 26 patients analyzed, there was just one case that had intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma The preoperative level of α-Fetoprotein was 25.2 ng/mL. All cases (100%) had Child-Pugh A liver function preoperatively. The ventral/dorsal RAS was preserved in 19 and 7 patients, respectively. The mean surgical margin was 6.2 mm. The mean surgical time was 228.5 minutes, while the mean blood loss was 255 mL. In pathology, 5 cases (19.2%) had microvascular invasion, and in the group of HCC patients, 92% of all cases had moderate or poor tumor differentiation. Six cases (23.1%) of postoperative complications were graded over III according to the Clavien-Dindo system, including in three patients resistant ascites or intra-abdominal abscess that required intervention. Conclusions: Parenchymal-sparing anatomical hepatectomy based on portal ramification of the RAS to achieve R0-resection was safe and effective, with favorable short-term outcomes. This technique can be used widely in clinical practice.

Successful surgical management of an aggressive IgG4-related sclerosing esophageal inflammatory pseudotumor: a case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the esophagus is a very rare benign lesions which clinical presentation is not clear and difficult to make a definitive diagnosis preoperatively. CASE PRESENTATION: In this report, we presented a case of a 24-year-old female with signs of severe malnutrition state due to dysphagia increasing gradually and losing 10 kg in weight for 2 months. Comprehensive preoperative radiologic investigations were proceeded with a circumferential severe stricture caused smooth submucosal swelling in the esophagus under 23 cm from the upper dental arch and two times of negative biopsy. Due to the aggressive clinical symptoms and gross lesion characteristics, the patient underwent laparoscopic-thoracoscopic esophagectomy and reconstruction with a gastric tube. Histopathological examination showed that the squamous epithelium of the esophagus had a small, benign nucleus, the submucosal layer and the smooth muscle layer increased fibrous, with infiltrating many lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Immunohistochemical staining was negative for CD68, CD34, Desmin and ALK markers, and there was an increase in the number of IgG4-positive plasma cells. The final diagnosis was an aggressive IgG4-related sclerosing esophageal inflammatory pseudotumor. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammatory pseudotumor of the esophagus is an extremely rare benign lesion but could led to aggressive clinical presentation. The gold standard of diagnosis is histopathological examination of surgically removed specimens. Radical resection is still the most efficient treatment method.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy combined gastroduodenal collateral reconstruction and preservation due to median arcuate ligament syndrome: technical notes with two surgical cases report (with video).

INTRODUCTION: Pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with CA stenosis due to median arcuate ligament often required carefully collateral pathways management to avoid hepatic ischemic complications. CASES PRESENTATION: Case 1: A 63-year-old man was referred to our department because of jaundice with distal common bile duct tumor. Pancreaticoduodenectomy with left posterior SMA first approach and circumferential lymphadenectomy was performed. Case 2: A 48-year-old man was referred to our department because of right-upper-quadrant abdominal pain with Vater tumor. Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy with left posterior SMA first approach and circumferential lymphadenectomy was performed. Postoperatively, in all two cases, three-dimensional reconstruction images showed developed collateral pathways around the pancreatic head, and the CA was stenosis in 75% and 70% due to MAL, respectively. Intraoperatively, in all two cases, we confirmed poor blood flow in the common hepatic artery (CHA) by palpation and observation. So that in the first case, we have decided to proceed a no-touch technique of GDA segmental resection en bloc with the tumor and reconstructed with an end-to-end GDA anastomosis; in the second cases, we have decided to proceed gastroduodenal collateral preservation. When preserving these collateral pathways, we confirmed that the PHA flow remained pulsatile as an indicator that the blood flow was adequate. CONCLUSION: Celiac axis stenosis was a rare but difficult-to-managed condition associated with pancreaticoduodenectomy. Collateral pathways management depends on variety of collateral pathways.

Bach Mai Procedure for complete mesocolic excision, central vascular ligation, and D3 lymphadenectomy in total laparoscopic right hemicolectomy: a prospective study.

PURPOSE: Total laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with complete mesocolic excision (CME), central vascular ligation (CVL), and D3 lymphadenectomy is still the most challenging colon procedures for gastrointestinal surgeons. We herein report the technical details and our preliminary experience of Bach Mai Procedure - a novel-combining (cranial, medial to lateral, and caudal) approach with early resection of the terminal ileum. METHODS: The dissection stage was central vascular isolation and ligation by a combined multiple approaches in the following four steps: cranial approach, dissecting along the inferior aspect of pancreatic isthmus to reveal the middle colic vessels and the anterior aspect of the superior mesentery vein and then exposed the right gastroepiploic vein and the trunk of Henle; medial-to-lateral approach, exposing the surgical axis - the superior mesenteric vascular axis and then early resection of the terminal ileum to open the dissection from the bottom up; and caudal approach, radical ligation of the ileocecal artery and right colic artery (central vascular ligation), lymph node dissection (D3 lymphadenectomy), and resecting the Toldt fascia of the colon to release the entire right colon from the abdominal wall. RESULTS: In 12 months, there were 32 cases of primary right-sided colon malignancies that have undergone tLRHD3, CME/CVL based on the Bach Mai Procedure. In 3 cases (9.4%), the tumor site was hepatic flexure. The median of lymph node number (LNN) was 38, with the maximum number which was 101. No serious postoperative complications (grade 3 or higher) neither inhospital mortality was detected. CONCLUSION: This Bach Mai procedure, a novel-combining approach with early resection of the terminal ileum, is technically feasible and safe for tLRHD3, CME/CVL. Further investigations and follow-up must be proceeded to evaluate the long-term outcomes of our technique.

Case report: Candidiasis of gastrojejunostomosis after pancreaticoduodenectomy: Preliminary experience from two cases.

Introduction: Invasive Candida infection, or candidiasis, especially in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is an infrequent but aggressive disease caused by Candida species. Candidiasis of gastrojejunostomosis after extensive gastrointestinal surgery may cause serious complications such as perforative peritonitis and anastomotic stenosis, which requires surgical interventions. Case presentation: Our two patients had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), respectively, due to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreatic head. Both the patients were malnutritioned and debilitated before the surgery, and they required reoperation for postoperative Candidiasis-relevant complication.In the first case, the patient was readmitted to the hospital with symptoms of perforative peritonitis, for which he underwent surgery and had Candida found in both gastrojejunostomosis ulcer and peritoneal fluid. In our second case, the patient was admitted to the hospital twice after the first operation and diagnosed with Candida-induced gastrojejunostomosis stenosis by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and endoscopic biopsy. Fluconazole was indicated for a 2-week regimen. Blood sample withdrawn afterward showed no evidence of fungal agents, and the anastomotic stenosis responded well to treatment. However, after 3 weeks, he came back with cachexia and symptoms of gastrojejunostomotic stenosis. EGD showed no image of fungal agents but anastomotic stenosis due to chronic inflammatory process. The patient was then reoperated to redo his gastrojejunostomosis. Conclusion: Candidiasis of gastrojejunostomosis after extensive gastrointestinal surgery such as PD is a very aggressive condition that may cause perforative peritonitis and anastomotic stenosis. However, there have been no publications on this disorder, and the strategic treatment remains unknown. We hereby present a report of two cases with postoperative gastrojejunostomosis candidiasis presenting with non-specific but aggressive and early clinical symptoms.

Total laparoscopic radical antegrade modular pancreato-splenectomy with left-posterior superior mesenteric artery first-approach for distal pancreatic cancer: step-by-step technique with a surgical case report (with video).

INTRODUCTION: Left-sided pancreatic cancers are uncommon but seem more aggressive than tumors of pancreatic head. Radical antegrade modular pancreato-splenectomy (RAMPS) was proved to have safe and effective advantages while comparing with standard retrograde pancreato-splenectomy (SRPS) in recent systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses. Laparoscopic SMA first-approach RAMPS was recently proceeded with optimistic perioperative outcomes. CASE PRESENTATION: Our patient is a 67-year-old female with a medical history of diabetes and hypertension, recruited because of upper left quadrant abdominal pain. She was referred for pancreato-splenectomy because of a 3-cm-sized mass in distal pancreas. We use 5 trocars and the patient placed in a Trendelenburg position. The retroperitoneum is opened at the left-posterior side of the meso-pancreato-duodenum along to the inframesocolic space, so that the anterior surface of the aorta (AO), inferior vena cave (IVC), left renal vein (LRV), left adrenal grand (LAG), and kidney are completely exposed. The inferior border of the pancreas had been dissected and separated from the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) below the pancreatic isthmus, removed the lymph nodes (LNs) groups 14v and 17. Then, dissect of LNs groups 7,8,9,11p,12 en bloc at the superior side of the pancreas. Dissection of LNs group 14p, d or SMA LNs after transecting the pancreas. The operation time was 240 min, the estimated blood loss was 200 ml. With no postoperative complications as well as no diarrhea, the patient was discharged on the POD10 uneventfully. Pathological result: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with T2N1 staging and negative margin (R0). CONCLUSIONS: This technique was safe and effective to perform precise and complete lymphadenectomy and negative posterior resection in total laparoscopic left-posterior SMA first-approach RAMPS for distal pancreatic cancer.

Giant hepatic angiomyolipoma presenting with severe anemia: A surgical case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a solid benign neoplasm with mesenchymal features. The clinical signs and symptoms of hepatic angiomyolipoma are nonspecific, and treatment strategy is variable. PRESENTATION: A 35-years-old male patient has admitted to the hospital with symptoms of severe anemia. Abdominal multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) and Gadoxetic acid (GA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a heterogeneous 23 × 17 cm-in-sized tumor with heterogeneous enhancement and increased angiogenesis. Percutaneous hepatic biopsy was proceeded and in immunohistochemistry, tumor cells responded positively to the HMB-45, SMA, and Glutamine stains, the CD-34 stain was positive for blood vessels as well as Ki-67 sporadically positive, but the Heppar1, S-100, CK stains reacted negative. The final pathologic result was consistent with the primary hepatic angiomyolipoma. The final surgical management was extended right hepatectomy with ligation of the right hepatic artery (RHA) and vein (RHV), as well as the middle hepatic vein (MHV), one month after portal embolization as well as to enlarge the remnant liver volume. DISCUSSION: A hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML) primary origin is relatively rare, the clinical manifestations are variable and non-specific. Histological examination and immunohistochemistry staining are considered as the gold standard for HAML diagnosis. HAML are commonly expressed benign behaviors, but HAML cases with malignant behaviors were reported in a cumulative incidence. Radical surgery must be still the most effective and major treatment approach. CONCLUSION: The present case being the first case with initial syndrome of severe anemia accounted in the English literature. Giant angiomyolipoma is composed of blood vessels and could lead to extensive internal tumoral hemorrhage. We here present a report of this case with had primary hepatic angiomyolipoma with clinical picture of severe anemia.

Complete resection for a giant recurrent biliary cystadenoma: A surgical case report and review of literature.

Background: Biliary cystadenoma is a rare cystic neoplasm of the liver. The clinical signs and symptoms are nonspecific, and treatment strategy is variable. Case presentation: In this study, we presented a case of a 32-year-old female with multilocular biliary cystadenoma. The patient underwent partial removal of the hepatic cyst two times in two different hospitals for two years and that the histopathological results were biliary cystic adenoma but was successfully treated by radical resection after the second recurrence. The patient underwent a J-shaped laparotomy. The giant cystic mass measuring 20 cm × 15 cm was below the position of the right anterior segment. This lesion pushed the liver parenchyma to both sides and compressed the hepatic hilum, causing dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. The patient underwent complete resection of cystic mass. During the dissection, a 0.5mm-diameter fistula of left hepatic duct with the cyst was found. It was sutured using absorbable polydioxanone (PDS 6.0) and the cystic duct tube (C tube) (6 Fr) was inserted via the cystic duct into the left hepatic duct due to drain the bile fluid. Discussion: A biliary cystadenoma (BCA) primary origin is occasionally rare. Although imaging modalities such as ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging could be suggestive, however, the definitive diagnosis is depended on the histological examination. Despite of being a benign tumor, it has a high risk of recurrence after conservative treatment. The potential risk for malignant is also present. Therefore, complete resection of the tumors is the treatment of choice. Conclusion: We herein present a report of a rare case with had a giant biliary cystadenoma (BCA) primary origin. This report aims to improve the understanding of the diagnosis and management of this uncommon disease.

Pancreatic angiosarcoma with synchronous pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma leading to hemosuccus pancreaticus: A surgical case report and review of literature.

Introduction: Angiosarcoma of pancreas is an extremely rare disease with a poor prognosis. The clinical signs and symptoms of pancreatic angiosarcoma are nonspecific, and it is occasionally diagnosed at an advanced stage. Pancreatic angiosarcoma and Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in one patient was never ever known in English literature. Case presentation: A 56-year-old female was admitted with clinical and laboratory signs of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed bleeding from the ampulla of Vater. Besides, abdominal computed tomographic (CT) revealed a solid mass in the region of the pancreatic tail, which was considered the origin of bleeding. Distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy were performed because of persistent GI bleeding, and the final histological diagnosis of tumor in pancreatic tail was pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. After 30 days, she developed recurrent bleeding in ampulla and the abdominal CT-scan revealed a huge hematoma in omentum harem. We conducted transcatheter arterial embolization, but anemia continued to worsen. Therefore, pancreaticoduodenectomy was recommended to remove this mass, and based on postoperative histological findings, pancreatic angiosarcoma was diagnosed. After few days, laparotomy was indicated again because of persistent intra-abdominal bleeding. Despite all critical care and surgical therapeutic attempts, the patient died within two weeks after operation. Discussion: A pancreatic angiosarcomas primary origin is especially rare, with the present case being the tenth accounted in the English literature. Angiosarcomas is creating a disorganized mass of cells with extravasated blood that led to characteristics, extensive amounts of hemorrhage. The clinical manifestations of pancreatic angiosarcoma are variable, and immunohistochemistry staining is mandatory, with positive staining for vascular markers, which include CD31, CD34, von Willebrand factor (vWF), factor-VIII, Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1), Friend leukemia integration 1 (Fli-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFER). Conclusion: We here present a report of an extremely rare case with had pancreatic angiosarcoma and synchronous pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with clinical picture of GI bleeding secondary to hemosuccus pancreaticus (HP).

Right hepatic trisectionectomy combined total caudate lobectomy with non-touch technique for advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma: A surgical case report (with video).

BACKGROUND: Extended resection such as right trisegmentectomy combined with total caudate lobectomy with non-touch technique for advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is still challenging for all Hepato-pancreato-biliary surgeons. PRESENTATION: A 45-year-old female with advanced hilar CCA involved the right intrahepatic bile ducts in continuity with the left medial sectional bile duct without PV invasion had undergone right trisegmentectomy combined with total caudate lobectomy with non-touch technique. Dissection of the hepatic peduncle by Lorta-Jacob Procedure, ligation, and resection of the right hepatic artery (RHA) and the right portal vein (PV), before that determine whether portal bifurcation's tumor infiltration or not. Mobilization of the right liver lobe, ligate all the short hepatic veins from the caudal to cranial direction, as well as the right hepatic vein (RHV) and the middle hepatic vein (MHV). Complete caudate lobectomy with right-left approach. Determine hepatic parenchyma cut, left cholangiostomy to the division of the subsegments 2,3, stitch formation of the subsegments 2,3 bile duct. Determine negative upper section of the biliary tract. The operative time was 432 min, and the blood loss was 750 ml. Postoperative recovery was uneventful without any major complications but developed intra-abdominal abscess that required percutaneous drainage. DISCUSSION: Extended resection procedures such as extend right/left trisectionectomy, hepato-pancreaticoduodenectomy (HPD) and/or combined vascular resection are only curative treatment for advanced hilar CCA. There hadn't been any reported cases describing step-by-step right trisegmentectomy combined with total caudate lobectomy with non-touch technique with clear illustrations and videos yet. CONCLUSION: Careful preparation with preoperative biliary drainage as well as precise evaluation of the functional capacity of the future liver remnant, as well as meticulous experience of surgeons in hepatic anatomy and non-touch resection technique are key points for success in extended resection for advanced hilar CCA.

Autologous blood for preoperative colorectal TUMOR'S localization: A Vietnamese preliminary experience.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic colorectal surgery (LCRS) is the optimal choice for cases of early cancer. However, due to their early stage, one of this procedure's challenges is tumoral localization. So that, there are many methods of locating tumors preoperatively that have been studied by authors. Recently, Korean authors have reported a method of injecting autologous blood to mark the tumor before surgery with high efficiency and safety. This article aims to evaluate the effectiveness by analyzing the section biopsy's results, as well as the safety of this procedure. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This study is descriptive cross-section study with analysis of retrospective occurrences of case series of colonoscopy with autologous blood before surgery from October 2020 to December 2021. RESULTS: 16 patients were recruited to the study. The average age was 62.9 ± 13.1 with male/female ratio was 8/8. 50% (8/16 patients) of all cases was early carcinomas, and by location, 62.5% of all cases was sigmoid colon tumors. All 16 patients (100%) found the tumor marking position. None of the patients had complications of marked endoscopy such as intestinal perforation, peritonitis, abdominal abscess, intestinal adhesions, etc. CONCLUSION: The method of autologous blood injection to locate the tumor before laparoscopic colorectal surgery is a technique that can be performed effectively and safely.

Isolated complete caudate lobectomy with Glissonean pedicle isolation using Takasaki's technique and right-left approach: preliminary experience from two case reports.

BACKGROUND: Tumors located in the caudate lobe may be primary tumor or metastases from other sites. Isolated caudate lobectomy (ICL) is a challenging procedure due to its complex structure and location. The access route to the caudate lobe has an important role in the success of the operation. METHODS: Based on the characteristics of the segment I location, which is the part of the liver located in front of the vena cava, below the hepatic veins, and cranial to the hilar plate, our approach aims to isolate the entire caudate lobe from these anatomical structures with the following steps: dissecting the caudate lobe from the hilar plate and isolating the caudate lobe from the IVC and from the hepatic veins along with parenchymal resection. RESULTS: We report two successful cases with the Glissonean pedicle transection method described by Takasaki and the combined right- and left-side approach: a 63-year-old female patient with a 46-mm-in-diameter HCC tumor and a 39-year-old female patient with a 45-mm lesion and the pathological result was focal nodular hyperplasia. CONCLUSIONS: We found this to be a safe and effective approach, which can be applied to all cases of benign tumors or in the case of malignant tumors located entirely in the caudate lobe when extended hepatic resection is not possible due to poor liver function or small remnant liver volume.

Technical characteristics and quality of grafts in liver procurement from brain-dead donors: A single-center study in Vietnamese population.

INTRODUCTION: Donor liver graft quality plays an especially important role that contributes to the success of organ transplantation. Almost all local and international authors are interested in the techniques and results of transplantation, however, in Vietnam, there have not been any studies that report the results of liver procurement from brain-dead donors from a technical perspective as well as the morphology and function of the transplanted organ. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This study is descriptive cross-section study with analysis of retrospective occurrences of a series of cases of liver procurement from brain-dead donors from March 2010 to March 2020. All cases were proceeded the multiple organ procurement with warm liver dissection and in vivo cannulation and perfusion. RESULTS: The average age of brain-dead donors was 29.7 ± 10.7 (18-69), 92.16% of the harvested organs were of good quality macroscopically; and the rate of anatomical modification was 33.3% that occurred mostly in the left hepatic artery (LHA). Technically, warm dissection was proceeded in majority of cases (98,0%), the graft implantation was performed by this technique with mean cold ischemia time (CIT) of 190,0 ± 100,5 min and WIT of 74,0 ± 39,2 s. There were no complications relating to graft injuries occurring during procurement and no primary liver failure, good results accounted for 94.1% of the total number of transplants postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Multiple organ procurement with warm liver dissection and in vivo cannulation and perfusion was a safe technique and may be effective by avoiding any donor's damages in cold-phase dissection.

Hepatic lymphorrhea following pancreaticoduodenectomy: Preliminary diagnosis and treatment experience from case series of four patients.

INTRODUCTION: Hepatic lymphorrhea (HL) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening type of postoperative lymphatic leakage, especially following pancreaticoduodenectomy. CASE PRESENTATION: We herein report a case series of four patients with HL following pancreaticoduodenectomy that presented to the department with a severe clinical picture with the discovery in imaging and intraperitoneal fluid's tests. All our patients presented with a condition of Hepatic lymphorrhea secondary to pancreaticoduodenectomy, which were treated successfully with percutaneous hepatic lymphangiography (HLG). DISCUSSION: Hepatic lymphorrhea is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication following pancreaticoduodenectomy. Periportal lymphatic vessels, which was often isolated and dissected especially with extended lymphadenectomy, is potentially damaged and caused resistant chylous leakage. Newly techniques are updated and applied in diagnosis and treatment for this difficult-to-treat complication, one of them is percutaneous Hepatic Lymphangiography (HLG). CONCLUSION: HLG with percutaneous access could be effective to identify and terminate the chylous fistula from periportal lymphatic vessels after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Successful minimal invasive treatment of chylous ascites following pancreaticoduodenectomy: A case report and review of literature.

INTRODUCTION: Chylous ascites is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening type of postoperative lymphatic leakage, especially following pancreaticoduodenectomy. CASE PRESENTATION: A 59-year-old man underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with extended lymphadenectomy and segmental Superior Mesenteric Vein (SMV) resection for SMV-involved pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). After 20th postoperative day, patient had a drain output with a milky appearance, and with a triglyceride level was 1.6 mmol/L, and the daily output volume was up to 1500 mL per day. She has been performed Conventional Lymphangiography (CLAG) to identify the broken lymphatic vessels as well as close the leakage. Following two consecutive lymphangiography, the source of chylous leakage was identified from hilar lymphatic system, and injection of Aetoxisclerol 2% into lymphatic vessels to close the leakage was performed. Partial parenteral nutrition with limited fat components or medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) was administered, and the amount of ascites decreased particularly. The drain was removed in 20th day after the second CLAG. He had no symptoms of abdominal distention after drain removal and had been discharged after 37 postoperative days (PODs). DISCUSSION: Chylous ascites is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication following pancreaticoduodenectomy. Portal lymphatic plexus, which was often isolated and dissected especially with extended lymphadenectomy, is potentially damaged and caused resistant chylous leakage. Newly techniques are updated and applied in diagnosis and treatment for this difficult-to-treat complication, one of them is percutaneous transhepatic Conventional Lymphangiography (CLAG). CONCLUSION: CLAG with percutaneous transhepatic access could be effective to identify and terminate the chylous fistula from portal lymphatic plexus after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Mixed pancreatic hepatoid carcinoma: A surgical case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Hepatoid carcinoma (HC) is a rare type of malignant tumor that shared similar features of morphology and immunohistochemistry with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Pancreatic HC exists as either pure or mixed type. Mixed pancreatic HC is extremely rare, with only a few cases reported in the literature to date. Because of the rarity of mixed pancreatic HC, its clinical features including incidence, characteristics, and prognosis remain unclear. We herein report a case of a 49-year-old man who was diagnosed with mixed pancreatic HC with neuroendocrine differentiation and was treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. We also review the existing case reports in literature. PRESENTATION: A 49-year-old man was admitted to our hospital after a chronic abdominal pain in the upper right quadrant. Abdominal ultrasound revealed only one low-density retroperitoneal mass measured at 20 × 48mm in size in the pancreatic-duodenal junction, whereas contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed three lymphatic neoplasms measured at 28 × 22 × 30 mm, 27 × 33 × 38 mm and 22 × 35 × 48 mm in size in the retroperitoneal pancreatic-duodenal junction. Ultrasound-guided tumor biopsy was performed. Pathological reading of tumor biopsy suspected of Paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma. Laparotomic retroperitoneal tumoral resection and lymphadenectomy was then performed. Histological reading was lymphatic metastasis of primary pancreatic hepatocellular carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation, which were immunohistochemically positive for CKAE1/AE3, Hepatocyte paraffin 1, Chromogranin. After three weeks of the first surgery, the patient was assigned with Positron Emission Tomography - Computed Tomography (PET-CT) before adjuvant chemotherapy, revealing a low-density high-metabolism mass, 26 × 28 mm in size within the parenchyma of pancreatic head. Laparotomic pancreaticoduodenectomy and standard lymphadenectomy was performed to resect one mass, which revealed the same immunohistology features with the first mass. The patient was followed up with FOLFIRINOX protocol, and after 12 cycles, there was no evidence of postoperative recurrence. DISCUSSION: There are few reported cases describing pancreatic hepatoid carcinoma, especially mixed form with other histological associated component. Neuroendocrine differentiation is the majority associated component with 62.5% of all cases of mixed - type form. CONCLUSION: Primary pancreatic hepatocellular carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation was rare, biopsy and immunohistochemistry appeared with high diagnostic value in this case. The prognosis of pancreatic HC depends on the extent and tumor eradication, and in this case we recorded no postoperative complications and no recurrence in the 6-month follow-up period.