Current and potential treatment of colorectal cancer metastasis to bone.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) with subsequent bone metastasis is associated with a poor prognosis compared with patients who do not develop bone metastasis. However, metastasis in bone is rare, contrasted with more common locations such as the liver and lungs. As a result, the treatment methods targeting CRC bone lesions are limited. This review aims to compile information regarding current and potential medical and surgical treatment methods for colorectal cancer with specific regard to bone metastasis. METHODS: A computer-based literature review of animal- and human-based studies was conducted using multiple database searches. Case reports were excluded. RESULTS: Preliminary findings demonstrate that treatments specifically targeting bone metastasis due to colorectal cancer are categorized by local vs. systemic treatment. The primary goals are the alleviation of skeletal-related events and improvement in quality of life. Current options include: chemotherapy, radiation, monoclonal antibodies, and surgery. Emerging options include intratumoral mellitin, MRgFUS, and bone microenvironment targeting. CONCLUSION: Treatment of CRC metastasis to bone is necessary to slow down metastatic progression, alleviate symptoms, and improve quality of life. With a possible rise in bone metastasis due to increased overall CRC survival rates, more clinical trials should be performed to address this growing concern.

High-Salt Diet Exacerbates H. pylori Infection and Increases Gastric Cancer Risks.

Gastric cancer ranks as the fifth-leading contributor to global cancer incidence and the fourth-highest in terms of cancer-related mortality. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection leads to inflammation and ulceration, atrophic and chronic gastritis, and eventually, increases the risk of developing gastric adenocarcinoma. In this paper, we delve into the combined impact of a high-salt diet (HSD) and concurrent H. pylori infection, which act as predisposing factors for gastric malignancy. A multitude of mechanisms come into play, fostering the development of gastric adenocarcinoma due to the synergy between an HSD and H. pylori colonization. These encompass the disruption of mucosal barriers, cellular integrity, modulation of H. pylori gene expression, oxidative stress induction, and provocation of inflammatory responses. On the whole, gastric cancer patients were reported to have a higher median sodium intake with respect to healthy controls. H. pylori infection constitutes an additional risk factor, with a particular impact on the population with the highest daily sodium intake. Consequently, drawing from epidemiological discoveries, substantial evidence suggests that diminishing salt intake and employing antibacterial therapeutics could potentially lower the susceptibility to gastric cancer among individuals.