Assuntos
Carbapenêmicos/farmacologia , Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/enzimologia , Providencia/efeitos dos fármacos , Providencia/enzimologia , beta-Lactamases/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Ertapenem , Humanos , Meropeném , Tienamicinas/farmacologia , beta-Lactamases/biossíntese , beta-Lactamas/farmacologiaAssuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Enterobacter/enzimologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , beta-Lactamases/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Sequência de Bases , Brasil , Enterobacter/genética , Enterobacter/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Plasmídeos/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
OBJECTIVES: There are controversies regarding the association of cefepime therapy with increased mortality among patients with infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). We evaluated the effect of cefepime on the mortality of patients with GNB bloodstream infections (BSIs). METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted in adult patients with creatinine ≤1.5 mg/dL who received empirical therapy with cefepime for at least 48 h for BSIs caused by GNB. The outcome was hospital mortality. Potential clinical predictors, including a high-dose regimen (2 g every 8 h), were assessed. RESULTS: One hundred and thirteen patients were included. Most (78.8%) isolates had low cefepime MICs (≤0.25 mg/L). The overall hospital mortality was 35.4% [25.6% (10/39) and 40.5% (30/74) in patients receiving high-dose and usual-dose cefepime, respectively (Pâ=â0.17)]. In a Cox regression model adjusted for cefepime MIC and propensity score, a high-dose regimen was independently associated with lower mortality rates [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.41; 95% CI 0.18-0.91; Pâ=â0.029] while presentation with severe sepsis or septic shock was independently associated with higher mortality rates (aHR 4.10; 95% CI 1.78-9.40; Pâ=â0.001). A trend to lower mortality rates was also found in the subgroup analysis of patients who had not switched antibiotic during therapy after adjustment for the latter variables. CONCLUSIONS: High-dose cefepime therapy was associated with lower mortality rates in patients with GNB BSIs, even for GNB with low cefepime MICs.