Postoperative hungry bone syndrome in primary hyperparathyroidism: A case report.

RATIONALE: Hungry bone syndrome (HBS) is a forgotten and underdiagnosed cause. Postoperative HBS refers to patients with high bone turnover before surgery, but after surgery, the inhibition of osteoclast resorption by intact parathyroid hormone suddenly decreases, resulting in a sudden increase in the amount of calcium resorbed by the bone, and a rapid, severe and persistent hypocalcemia, which may be accompanied by hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia. We present a case with information about HBS and related complications after parathyroidectomy (PTX). PATIENT CONCERNS: The patient was a 57-year-old woman who presented to the hospital with "pain in both ankles for more than 3 years and in both knees for more than 2 years." DIAGNOSES: A parathyroid mass was found preoperative. Unilateral resection of the lesion was performed under general anesthesia. On gross examination, the mass was reddish brown in color, about 2.9 × 2.5 × 2.3 cm, with abundant blood supply. Postoperative pathology diagnosed parathyroid adenoma. INTERVENTIONS: The patient was diagnosed with HBS on day 3 post-PTX, which lasted for 9 days. OUTCOMES: After active calcium supplementation and other pharmacological interventions, her test parameters gradually returned to normal and she was discharged on the 13th day after surgery. LESSONS: Using the case of a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism with HBS lasting 9 days after PTX for diagnosis and management, we aimed to summarize possible predictors and perioperative management strategies to reduce the incidence, severity, and duration of postoperative HBS.

γδ T cells recruitment and local proliferation in brain parenchyma benefit anti-neuroinflammation after cerebral microbleeds.

Background: Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are an early sign of many neurological disorders and accompanied by local neuroinflammation and brain damage. As important regulators of immune response and neuroinflammation, the biological behavior and role of γδ T cells after CMBs remain largely unknown. Methods: We made a spot injury of microvessel in the somatosensory cortex to mimic the model of CMBs by two-photon laser and in vivo tracked dynamical behaviors of γδ T cells induced by CMBs using TCR-δGFP transgenic mice. Biological features of γδ T cells in the peri-CMBs parenchyma were decoded by flow cytometry and Raman spectra. In wildtype and γδ T cell-deficient mice, neuroinflammation and neurite degeneration in the peri-CMBs cortex were studied by RNAseq, immunostaining and in vivo imaging respectively. Results: After CMBs, γδ T cells in the dural vessels were tracked to cross the meningeal structure and invade the brain parenchyma in a few days, where the division process of γδ T cells were captured. Parenchymal γδ T cells were highly expressed by CXCR6 and CCR6, similar to meningeal γδ T cells, positive for IL-17A and Ki67 (more than 98%), and they contained abundant substances for energy metabolism and nucleic acid synthesis. In γδ T cell-deficient mice, cortical samples showed the upregulation of neuroinflammatory signaling pathways, enhanced glial response and M1 microglial polarization, and earlier neuronal degeneration in the peri-CMBs brain parenchyma compared with wildtype mice. Conclusion: CMBs induce the accumulation and local proliferation of γδ T cells in the brain parenchyma, and γδ T cells exert anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects at the early stage of CMBs.

DL-SI-DHM: a deep network generating the high-resolution phase and amplitude images from wide-field images.

Structured illumination digital holographic microscopy (SI-DHM) is a high-resolution, label-free technique enabling us to image unstained biological samples. SI-DHM has high requirements on the stability of the experimental setup and needs long exposure time. Furthermore, image synthesizing and phase correcting in the reconstruction process are both challenging tasks. We propose a deep-learning-based method called DL-SI-DHM to improve the recording, the reconstruction efficiency and the accuracy of SI-DHM and to provide high-resolution phase imaging. In the training process, high-resolution amplitude and phase images obtained by phase-shifting SI-DHM together with wide-field amplitudes are used as inputs of DL-SI-DHM. The well-trained network can reconstruct both the high-resolution amplitude and phase images from a single wide-field amplitude image. Compared with the traditional SI-DHM, this method significantly shortens the recording time and simplifies the reconstruction process and complex phase correction, and frequency synthesizing are not required anymore. By comparsion, with other learning-based reconstruction schemes, the proposed network has better response to high frequencies. The possibility of using the proposed method for the investigation of different biological samples has been experimentally verified, and the low-noise characteristics were also proved.

Microstructures of a SiC-ZrC Ceramic Fiber Derived from a Polymeric Precursor.

Continuous ceramic fiber comprising silicon carbide-zirconium carbide (SiC-ZrC) binary phases was obtained through melt spinning, electron-beam curing and pyrolysis of a pre-ceramic precursor of polyzirconocenecarbosilanes (PZCS). After pyrolysis and heat treatment, ZrC particles with mean diameters of 15-20 nm were formed and homogeneously dispersed in a matrix of fine crystalline ß-SiC with an average grain size of 6-10 nm. Concentration of Zr in the fiber varies from 14.88% to 17.45% by mass. Fibers consisting of near-stoichiometric ZrC and SiC with little free carbon can be obtained through pyrolysis decarbonization of the as-cured fiber in hydrogen from room temperature to 1000 °C, and subsequently heat treatment in argon up to 1600 °C for 1 h. High-temperature treatment of these amorphous inorganic fibers leads to crystallization of the binary phases of ß-SiC and ZrC. The removal of free carbon under hydrogen results in more rapid growth of ß-SiC and ZrC crystals, in which obvious aggregation of the dispersed ZrC particles among the continuous ß-SiC matrix can be ascribed to a fast migration of Zr cation.

Metallocene Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of 1-Silene to Polycarbosilanes.

Metallocene of zirconium were used as a catalyst for an insertion polymerization of 1-methylsilene directly into pre-ceramic precursor polyzirconocenecarbosilane (PZCS) during dechlorination of dichlorodimethylesilane by sodium, which exhibits high catalytic effectiveness with the maximum conversion ratio of polycarbosilane up to 91%. The average molecular weights of polymers synthesized are less than 1400, all with very narrow polymolecularities. The mechanism of catalytic polymerization was assumed to be similar to a coordination insertion polymerization of 1-olefins by metallocenes. The obtained PZCS show high ceramic yields with formation of composite ceramics of ZrC-SiC, which are novel polymeric precursors of ultra-high temperature ceramic (UHTC) fiber and composite.

Advanced principal component analysis method for phase reconstruction.

Focus on the phase reconstruction from three phase-shifting interferograms with unknown phase shifts, an advanced principal component analysis method is proposed. First, use a simple subtraction operation among interferograms, two intensity difference images are obtained easily. Second, set the center region of the data of intensity difference images to zero, and then construct a covariance matrix to obtain a transformation matrix. Third, two principal components of interferograms can be determined by the Hotelling transform and then phase can be calculated from the two normalized principal components by an arctangent function. By means of the simulation calculation and the experimental research, it is proved that the phase with high precision can be obtained rapidly by the proposed algorithm.