Puffing to Persistent Smoking Cessation.

Nicotine e-cigarettes are a safe and effective way to help patients stop smoking.

Less Is More: Backing off Sliding Scale Insulin for Hospitalized Patients.

In hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a less aggressive supplemental insulin regimen is noninferior to a standard, more aggressive, supplemental regimen.

Should you treat prediabetes? It's complicated.

While treatment with metformin or lifestyle modification reduces risk for T2D in patients with prediabetes, neither intervention ultimately offers a mortality benefit.

Is low-dose naltrexone effective in chronic pain management?

YES. Low-dose naltrexone is as effective as amitriptyline in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy and has a superior safety profile (strength of recommendation [SOR], B; single randomized controlled trial [RCT]). Low-dose naltrexone significantly reduced pain by 32% in inflammatory conditions and 44% in neuropathic conditions (SOR, B; single retrospective cohort study). Doses as low as 5.4 mg were found to reduce pain in 95% of patients with fibromyalgia (SOR, B; single prospective dose-response study).

Does hormone replacement therapy prevent cognitive decline in postmenopausal women?

NO. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) does not prevent cognitive decline in postmenopausal women-and in fact, it may slightly increase risk (strength of recommendation, A; systematic review, meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [RCTs], and individual RCT).

Put down the electronics after a concussion?

Yes, patients should do just that. In a randomized clinical trial, symptom duration was reduced when teens and young adults observed a certain screen-time hiatus.

Prenatal Care via Telehealth.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, providers and patients explored the use of telehealth on a wide and rapid scale. Reflecting on how prenatal providers and pregnant patients used telehealth during the pandemic and afterward, we review existing and new lessons learned from the pandemic. This article summarizes international and national guidelines on prenatal care, presents practice examples on how telehealth and remote patient monitoring were used during the COVID-19 pandemic, and offers lessons learned and suggestions for future care.

Do behavioral interventions improve nighttime sleep in children < 1 year old?

YES. Infants respond to behavioral interventions, although objective data are limited. Behavioral interventions include establishing regular daytime and sleep routines for the infant, reducing environmental noises or distractions, and allowing for self-soothing at bedtime (strength of recommendation: B, based on multiple randomized and nonrandomized studies).

Automated office BP measurement: The new standard in HTN screening.

Obtain greater accuracy in blood pressure measurement with an automated office device.

Is NPH associated with fewer adverse events than analog basal insulin for adults with T2D?

NO. Insulin glargine may lead to less patient-reported, symptomatic, and nocturnal hypoglycemia, although overall, there may not be a difference in the risk for severe hypoglycemia orhypoglycemiarelated emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, systematic review of randomized controlled trials [RCTs], individual RCTs, and observational study).

Antibiotics and COPD: Time to order a C-reactive protein test?

This RCT provided valuable insights as to whether CRP-guided prescribing could safely reduce antibiotic use during acute COPD exacerbations.