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Introduction: The antibacterial protein PAG14 was extracted from a metabolite of Bacillus G14 isolated from mangrove plants. Methods: In this study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pasteurell multocide, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis were used as indicator bacteria to screen endophytes that exhibited antibacterial activity. The endophyte culture conditions were optimized to enhance productivity. Subsequently, the culture supernatant was salted using ammonium sulfate, followed by purification using dextran gel chromatography and ion exchange column techniques. Finally, the structures of antibacterial proteins were identified using mass spectrometry. Results and Discussion: The optimal culture conditions for Bacillus G14 were 2% mannitol, 0.5% fish peptone, 0.05% KH2PO4 + 0.05% K2HPO4 + 0.025% MnSO4·H2O. The antibacterial substances exhibited stability within the temperature range of 30-40°C and pH range of 5.0-7.0, while displaying sensitivity toward enzymes. The antibacterial activity decreased as the duration of UV irradiation increased. The antibacterial protein PAG14, isolated from the culture broth of Bacillus G14 through purification using dextran gel and ion-exchange columns, was identified as a class III bacteriocin using LC-MS/MS, similar to Lysozyme C. These findings serve as a theoretical foundation for the investigation and application of bacteriocins in food products.
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BACKGROUND: Immunotherapies, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), encounter several challenges in the management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), including limited persistence of these treatments, antigen loss and resistance of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) to therapy. METHODS: Here, we proposed a novel dual-targeting approach utilizing engineered anti-IL10R CAR-T cells to secrete bispecific antibodies targeting CD33. This innovative strategy, rooted in our previous research which established a connection between IL-10 and the stemness of AML cells, designed to improve targeting efficiency and eradicate both LSCs and AML blasts. RESULTS: We first demonstrated the superior efficacy of this synergistic approach in eliminating AML cell lines and primary cells expressing different levels of the target antigens, even in cases of low CD33 or IL10R expression. Furthermore, the IL10R CAR-T cells that secret anti-CD33 bsAbs (CAR.BsAb-T), exhibited an enhanced activation and induction of cytotoxicity not only in IL10R CAR-T cells but also in bystander T cells, thereby more effectively targeting CD33-positive tumor cells. Our in vivo experiments provided additional evidence that CAR.BsAb-T cells could efficiently redirect T cells, reduce tumor burden, and demonstrate no significant toxicity. Additionally, delivering bsAbs locally to the tumor sites through this strategy helps mitigate the pharmacokinetic challenges typically associated with the rapid clearance of prototypical bsAbs. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the engineering of a single-vector targeting IL10R CAR, which subsequently secretes CD33-targeted bsAb, addresses the issue of immune escape due to the heterogeneous expression of IL10R and CD33, and represents a promising progress in AML therapy aimed at improving treatment outcomes.
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Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a range of motor symptoms as well as documented sensory dysfunction. This sensory dysfunction can present itself either as a "pure" sensory disturbance or as a consequence of sensory-motor integration within the central nervous system. This study aims to investigate changes in the functional connectivity of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and its clinical significance in Parkinson's disease (PD), an area that has received limited attention in previous neuroimaging studies. Methods: This study included thirty-three patients with PD and thirty-four healthy controls (HCs). Clinical evaluations were conducted to assess the clinical manifestations, severity, and functional capacity of all the patients. Resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) was employed to evaluate the functional connectivity of six paired S1 subregions in the participants. Seed-based correlation (SBC) analysis was utilized to construct the correlation matrix among the subregions and to generate connectivity maps between the subregions and the remaining brain voxels. Finally, the study employed partial least-squares (PLS) correlation analysis to investigate the association between modified functional connectivity and clinical characteristics in PD patients. Results: In the correlation matrix, patients with PD demonstrated a notable decrease in functional connectivity across various S1 subregions in comparison to HCs (p < 0.001, corrected using network-based methods). In connectivity maps, hypo-connectivity was primarily observed in the sensorimotor network as common patterns (p < 0.001, corrected for false discovery rate) and in the default mode network (DMN) as distinct patterns. Moreover, this study identified a negative association between the correlation matrix within S1 subregions and the scores for axial symptoms and postural instability/gait difficulty (PIGD) in PD patients. Nevertheless, a direct relationship between the connectivity maps of S1 subregions and clinical assessment scales was not established. Conclusion: This study offers novel insights into the neurobiological mechanisms that contribute to S1 dysfunction in PD, highlighting the significant involvement of S1 hypo-connectivity in the motor disturbances observed in PD patients.
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Many insects, including green lacewings, migrate seasonally to exploit suitable breeding and winter habitats. Green lacewings are important natural enemies of insect pests worldwide. Here, four dominant green lacewing species, Chrysoperla nipponensis (Okamoto), Chrysopa pallens (Rambur), Chrysoperla furcifera (Okamoto), and Chrysopa formosa Brauer, were investigated for their ability to migrate between northern and northeastern China across the Bohai Strait from late May to late October each year. Furthermore, there were significant interannual and seasonal differences in the number of migratory green lacewings collected. The number of green lacewings in spring was significantly lower than that in summer and autumn, and the highest average number of green lacewings occurred in June. In addition, there were differences in the sex ratio of migrating green lacewings between months, with a greater proportion of females than males. Finally, the seasonal migration trajectories simulated by the HYSPLIT model revealed that the green lacewings captured on Beihuang Island primarily originated from Shandong Province. Accordingly, these findings contribute to our understanding of green lacewing migration in eastern Asia and aid its incorporation within integrated pest management (IPM) packages for several crop pests. Furthermore, long-term tracking of migrant insect populations can reveal ecosystem services and trophic dynamic processes at the macroscale.
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Recently, signatures of superconductivity with critical temperature from 20 to 30 K have been reported in pressured trilayer nickelate La4Ni3O10through a pressure-induced structure transition. Here we explore the evolution of electronic structures and electronic correlations in different phases of La4Ni3O10under corresponding pressure regions, by using density functional theory (DFT) combined with dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT). Similar to bilayer superconductor La3Ni2O7, the electronic bands in superconducting La4Ni3O10are dominated by Ni-3dx2-y2and 3dz2orbits near the Fermi level, in contrast, the inner Ni-O plane in La4Ni3O10generates a doublet hole-pocket Fermi surfaces around the Brillouin-zone corner, meanwhile one branch of the Ni-3dz2bands is pushed very close above the Fermi level, which can induce an electron pocket through small electron doping. The DFT+DMFT simulations suggest that the electronic correlations only give minor modification to the Fermi surfaces, meanwhile the Ni-3dz2and 3dx2-y2states on outer Ni-O layers have considerable greater mass enhancements than on the inner layer. The sensitiveness of electronic structure under doping and unique layer dependence of correlation suggest a distinct superconducting mechanism with respect to bilayer La3Ni2O7. Based on the DFT and DFT+DMFT simulations, we eventually derive a trilayer effective tight-binding model, which can produce rather precise electronic bands and Fermi surfaces, hence can serve as an appropriate model to further study the superconducting mechanism and paring symmetry in trilayer La4Ni3O10.
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Background: The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), is an important agricultural pest worldwide that has caused serious economic losses in the main crop-producing areas of China. To effectively monitor and control this pest, it is crucial to investigate its population dynamics and seasonal migration patterns in northern China. Methods: In this study, we monitored the population dynamics of S. exigua using sex pheromone traps in Shenyang, Liaoning Province from 2012 to 2022, combining these data with amigration trajectory simulation approach and synoptic weather analysis. Results: There were significant interannual and seasonal variations in the capture number of S. exigua, and the total number of S. exigua exceeded 2,000 individuals in 2018 and 2020. The highest and lowest numbers of S. exigua were trapped in September and May, accounting for 34.65% ± 6.81% and 0.11% ± 0.04% of the annual totals, respectively. The average occurrence period was 140.9 ± 9.34 days during 2012-2022. In addition, the biomass of S. exigua also increased significantly during these years. The simulated seasonal migration trajectories also revealed varying source regions in different months, primarily originated from Northeast China and East China. These unique insights into the migration patterns of S. exigua will contribute to a deeper understanding of its occurrence in northern China and provide a theoretical basis for regional monitoring, early warning, and the development of effective management strategies for long-range migratory pests.
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Agricultura , Humanos , Animais , Spodoptera , Estações do Ano , Dinâmica Populacional , China/epidemiologiaRESUMO
A synthetic flocculant of aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) extracted from red mud (RM) has been widely used in sewage treatment, while the remaining RM residue has been ignored. This study aimed to synthesize polymeric aluminum ferric sulfate (PAFS) flocculant from RM by acid leaching and then use the acidified RM residue to produce an acid RM-based ceramsite (ARMC) by mixing bentonite, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and starch. Our results showed that sintering, reaction temperature, H2SO4 concentration, reaction time, and liquid-to-solid ratio had an obvious effect on the leaching of Al and Fe in RM, which was a necessary prerequisite for the efficient PAFS flocculants. At a PAFS dosage of 60 mg/L, turbidity and phosphate removal rates were 95.21 ± 0.64% and 89.17 ± 0.52%, respectively. When the pH value was 8.0, the turbidity and phosphate removal efficiency were 99.22 ± 0.66% and 95.98 ± 1.63%, respectively. Considering the adsorption capacity and mechanical properties, the best conditions for ARMC production included using 60% ARM and ceramsite calcination at 600 °C, with the BET surface area 56.16 m2/g and a pore volume of 0.167 cm3/g. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that 400 °C was a reasonable preheating temperature to enhance the ARMC mechanical strength, as this temperature allows the removal of surface-adsorbed and constituent water. Under a scanning electron microscope, the ARMC appeared rough before adsorption, while relatively uniform pores occupied it after adsorption. Our conclusion will help to improve the zero-waste strategy of RM and speed up the industrial production of RM in flocculants as well as utilizing ARMC as a new type of adsorbent for phosphorus adsorption in sewage treatment.
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Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) plays a pivotal role in cutting-edge display and information technologies. Currently achieving precise color control and dynamic signal regulation in CPL still remains challenging due to the elusory relationship between fluorescence and chirality. Inspired by the natural mechanisms governing color formation and chiral interaction, we proposed an addition-subtraction principle theory to address this issue. Three fluorene-based polymers synthesized by Suzuki polycondensation with different electron-deficient monomers exhibit similar structures and UV/Vis absorption, but distinct fluorescence emissions due to intramolecular charge transfer. Based on this, precise-color CPL-active films are obtained through quantitative supramolecular co-assembly directed by addition principle. Particularly, an ideal white-emitting CPL film (CIE coordinates: (0.33, 0.33)) is facilely fabricated with a high quantum yield of 80.8 % and a dissymmetry factor (glum) of 1.4×10-2. Structural analysis reveals that the ordered stacking orientation favors higher glum. Furthermore, to address the dynamically regulated challenge, the comparable subtraction principle is proposed, involving a contactless chiral communication between excited and ground states. The representative system consisting of as-prepared fluorene-based polymers and chirality-selective absorption azobenzene (Azo)-containing polymers is constructed, achieving CPL weakening, reversal, and enhancement. Finally, a switchable quick response code is realized based on trans-cis isomerization of Azo moiety.
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Dementia is an escalating global health challenge, with Alzheimer's disease (AD) at its forefront. Substantial evidence highlights the accumulation of AD-related pathological proteins in specific brain regions and their subsequent dissemination throughout the broader area along the brain network, leading to disruptions in both individual brain regions and their interconnections. Although a comprehensive understanding of the neurodegeneration-brain network link is lacking, it is undeniable that brain networks play a pivotal role in the development and progression of AD. To thoroughly elucidate the intricate network of elements and connections constituting the human brain, the concept of the brain connectome was introduced. Research based on the connectome holds immense potential for revealing the mechanisms underlying disease development, and it has become a prominent topic that has attracted the attention of numerous researchers. In this review, we aim to systematically summarize studies on brain networks within the context of AD, critically analyze the strengths and weaknesses of existing methodologies, and offer novel perspectives and insights, intending to serve as inspiration for future research.
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Objective: To assess the alteration of individual brain morphological and functional network topological properties and their clinical significance in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Materials and methods: Eighteen patients with NMOSD and twenty-two healthy controls (HCs) were included. The clinical assessment of NMOSD patients involved evaluations of disability status, cognitive function, and fatigue impact. For each participant, brain images, including high-resolution T1-weighted images for individual morphological brain networks (MBNs) and resting-state functional MR images for functional brain networks (FBNs) were obtained. Topological properties were calculated and compared for both MBNs and FBNs. Then, partial correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationships between the altered network properties and clinical variables. Finally, the altered network topological properties were used to classify NMOSD patients from HCs and to analyses time- to-progression of the patients. Results: The average Expanded Disability Status Scale score of NMOSD patients was 1.05 (range from 0 to 2), indicating mild disability. Compared to HCs, NMOSD patients exhibited a higher normalized characteristic path length (λ) in their MBNs (P = 0.0118, FDR corrected) but showed no significant differences in the global properties of FBNs (p: 0.405-0.488). Network-based statistical analysis revealed that MBNs had more significantly altered connections (P< 0.01, NBS corrected) than FBNs. Altered nodal properties of MBNs were correlated with disease duration or fatigue scores (P< 0.05/6 with Bonferroni correction). Using the altered nodal properties of MBNs, the accuracy of classification of NMOSD patients versus HCs was 96.4%, with a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 100%. This accuracy was better than that achieved using the altered nodal properties of FBNs. Nodal properties of MBN significantly predicted Expanded Disability Status Scale worsening in patients with NMOSD. Conclusion: The results indicated that patients with mild disability NMOSD exhibited compensatory increases in local network properties to maintain overall stability. Furthermore, the alterations in the morphological network nodal properties of NMOSD patients not only had better relevance for clinical assessments compared with functional network nodal properties, but also exhibited predictive values of EDSS worsening.
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Pessoas com Deficiência , Neuromielite Óptica , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Encéfalo , FadigaRESUMO
New insights are raised to interpret pathway complexity in the supramolecular assembly of chiral triarylamine tris-amide (TATA) monomer. In cosolvent systems, the monomer undergoes entirely different assembly processes depending on the chemical feature of the two solvents. Specifically, 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) and methylcyclohexane (MCH) cosolvent trigger the cooperative growth of monomers with M helical arrangement, and hierarchical thin nanobelts are further formed. But in DCE and hexane (HE) combination, a different pathway occurs where monomers go through isodesmic growth to generate twisted nanofibers with P helical arrangement. Moreover, the two distinct assemblies exhibit opposite excited-state chirality. The driving force for both assemblies is the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between amide moieties. However, the mechanistic investigation indicates that radical and neutral triarylamine species go through distinct assembly phases by changing solvent structures. The neutralization of radicals in MCH plays a critical role in pathway complexity, which significantly impacts the overall supramolecular assembly process, giving rise to inversed supramolecular helicity and distinct morphologies. This differentiation in pathways affected by radicals provides a new approach to manipulate chiral supramolecular assembly process by facile solvent-solute interactions.
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Oxidative stress and iron accumulation-induced ferroptosis occurs in injured vascular cells and can promote thrombogenesis. Transferrin receptor 1 (encoded by the TFRC gene) is an initial element involved in iron transport and ferroptosis and is highly expressed in injured vascular tissues, but its role in thrombosis has not been determined. To explore the potential mechanism and therapeutic effect of TFRC on thrombogenesis, a DVT model of femoral veins (FVs) was established in rats, and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify TFRC as a hub protein that is associated with thrombus formation. TFRC was knocked down by adeno-associated virus (AAV) or lentivirus transduction in FVs or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), respectively. Thrombus characteristics and ferroptosis biomarkers were evaluated. Colocalization analysis, molecular docking and coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) were used to evaluate protein interactions. Tissue-specific TFRC knockdown alleviated iron overload and redox stress, thereby preventing ferroptosis in injured FVs. Loss of TFRC in injured veins could alleviate thrombogenesis, reduce thrombus size and attenuate hypercoagulability. The protein level of thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) was increased in DVT tissues, and silencing TFRC decreased the protein level of THBS1. In vitro experiments further showed that TFRC and THBS1 were sensitive to erastin-induced ferroptosis and that TFRC knockdown reversed this effect. TFRC can interact with THBS1 in the domain spanning from TSR1-2 to TSR1-3 of THBS1. Amino acid sites, including GLN320 of TFRC and ASP502 of THBS1, could be potential pharmacological targets. Erastin induced ferroptosis affected extracellular THBS1 levels and weakened the interaction between TFRC and THBS1 both in vivo and in vitro, and promoted the interaction between THBS1 and CD47. This study revealed a linked relationship between venous ferroptosis and coagulation cascades. Controlling TFRC and ferroptosis in endothelial cells can be an efficient approach for preventing and treating thrombogenesis.
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Ferroptose , Trombose , Animais , Humanos , Ratos , Ferroptose/genética , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , Ferro/metabolismo , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Receptores da Transferrina/genética , Trombose/genética , Trombose/metabolismoRESUMO
Introduction: Heroin use disorder (HUD) is commonly accompanied by gut dysbiosis, but the roles of gut microbiota in HUD treatment, such as compulsory detoxification and methadone maintenance treatment (MMT), remain poorly understood. Methods: In this study, we performed 16 s rDNA and whole metagenome sequencing to analyze the gut microbial profiles of HUD patients undergoing heroin addiction, heroin withdrawal (compulsory detoxification), and MMT. Results: Our findings revealed that, compared to healthy controls, microbial diversity was significantly decreased in HUD patients who were in a state of heroin addiction and withdrawal, but not in those receiving MMT. We observed significant alterations in 10 bacterial phyla and 20 bacterial families in HUD patients, while MMT partially restored these changes. Whole metagenome sequencing indicated gut microbiota functions were significantly disrupted in HUD patients experiencing heroin addiction and withdrawal, but MMT was found to almost reverse these dysfunctions. In addition, we identified 24 featured bacteria at the genus level that could be used to effectively distinguish between healthy individuals and those with heroin addiction, heroin withdrawal, or receiving MMT. Furthermore, we found the relative abundance of Actinomyces, Turicibacter and Weissella were positively associated with the Hamilton Depression Scale score in different states of HUD patients. Discussion: This study provides evidence from the gut microbiota perspective that MMT is a more effective approach than compulsory detoxification for HUD treatment.
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The widespread application of biodegradable polylactide (PLA) is hindered by its brittleness. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is commonly utilized as a plasticizer because of its favorable compatibility with PLA. However, the incorporation of PEG considerably diminishes the tensile strength of PLA. To address this issue, reactive isocyanate-modified graphene oxide (mGO) was synthesized and used as an enhancer in PLA/PEG blends. By virtue of the reaction between the isocyanate group in mGO and the terminal hydroxyl groups of PLA and PEG, graphene-based polyurethane (PU) in-situ formed and enhanced the interface between GO and the matrix. Consequently, the PLA/PEG/mGO composites exhibit simultaneously improved tensile and impact strengths, achieving an increase of 20.6% and 29.4%, respectively, compared to PLA/PEG blends. Moreover, the in situ formed PU reduces the relaxation time of the molecule motion and improved the entanglement density, thereby improving the shape-memory recovery rate and final recovery degree of the composites. This work provides a facile method to simultaneously improve the dispersion of GO and enhance its interface with polymer, thereby supplying well comprehensive properties of PLA and extending the applications of biodegradable polymers.
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Grafite , Polietilenoglicóis , Óxido de Magnésio , Poliésteres , Polímeros , IsocianatosRESUMO
Rhizosphere phosphatases can exhibit hormetic effects in response to cadmium (Cd) ion stimulation. However, understanding the mechanisms underlying hormesis effects on soil ecosystems is challenging as studies on hormesis are usually specific to an organism, cell, or organ. To comprehensively investigate the mechanism of phosphatase hormesis, this study utilized in situ zymography and metabolomics to analyze the rhizosphere of Trifolium repens L. (white clover). Zymograms showed that rhizosphere phosphatase displayed a hormetic effect in 10 mg kg-1 Cd contaminated soil, with a hotspot area 1.8 times larger than non-Cd contaminated soil and a slight increase in enzyme activity. Nevertheless, the phosphatase activity was substantially suppressed upon elevating the Cd concentration in the soil to 50 mg kg-1. Differential metabolite identification and KEEG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that both rhizosphere organic acids and amino acid compounds positively affected phosphatase activity, and both were able to stabilize complexation with Cd ions via carboxyl groups. Besides, molecular docking models suggested that Cd ions act as cofactors to induce the formation of hydrogen bonds between amino acids/organic acids and phosphatase residues to form a triplet complex with a more stable structure, thereby improving phosphatase activity. The results indicated that amino acids and organic acids are heavily enriched in the rhizosphere of white clover and form a particular structure with soil Cd ions and phosphatase, which is essential for inducing the phosphatase hormesis as a detoxification mechanism in the rhizosphere micro-ecosystem.
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Poluentes do Solo , Trifolium , Cádmio/análise , Rizosfera , Ecossistema , Hormese , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolases/metabolismo , Trifolium/metabolismo , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Compostos Orgânicos/metabolismo , Solo/química , Poluentes do Solo/análiseRESUMO
Construction is an important sector for climate action. The construction, operation and maintenance, demolition and disposal stages of house buildings consume many resources and have a significant impact on society, the economy and the environment. To assess such efforts, we propose the emergy footprint model of house buildings, which can quantitatively analyse the ecological effect in the house buildings life cycle. The research shows the following. China's ecological efficiency of the housing sector is characterized by improvement. In the house building fifty-year life cycle, the emergy footprint of the operation and maintenance stage is the largest (75.92%), followed by the construction stage (21.95%), but the emergy footprint intensity of the latter is 4.82 times that of the former. Reducing energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in the operation and maintenance stage is the key to reducing the life cycle emergy footprint of house buildings. The ecological impact coefficient of house buildings is negatively exponentially correlated with their service life. It reaches ecological break-even when the service period of the house building is equal to 36.73 years. If the house building is demolished after less than nine years of service, the impact is extremely unfavourable.
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Florfenicol is one of the most widely used antibiotics in aquaculture and veterinary clinics because of its low side effects and strong bactericidal effect. A total of 45~60% of florfenicol is not absorbed by the animal body and accumulates in the aquatic environment through a variety of pathways, which affects denitrification. Indoor aquatic microcosm models were constructed and sediment samples were collected at different florfenicol concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg/L) on days 0, 7, 30, and 60 to extract the microbial genome DNA and determine the water properties. qPCR and amplicon sequencing were used to study the dynamic changes in the nirS gene and nirS-type denitrification community structure, diversity, and abundance, respectively. The results showed that high florfenicol stress influenced the sediment's physicochemical properties, reducing conductivity, alkaline dissolved nitrogen, and organic matter content. In addition, the abundance of nirS, a functional denitrification gene, increased obviously with increased florfenicol concentrations but decreased the diversity of nirS-type denitrification microorganisms. Proteobacteria was the dominant denitrifying phylum in the sediment. Our study provides a scientific basis for the rational use of florfenicol in aquaculture to maintain a healthy and stable microecological environment and also provides a preliminary understanding of the response characteristics of water denitrifying microorganisms to florfenicol exposure.
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BACKGROUND: Natural enemies are important in pest control. However, control by natural enemies is hindered by the migration of rice planthoppers. Therefore, comigration and interactions between Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) and Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) and five predator species, Chrysoperla sinica Tjeder, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), Episyrphus balteatus, Syrphus corollae (Fab.) and Chrysopa pallens (Rambur) in eastern Asia were investigated. RESULTS: From 2012 to 2021, the migration patterns of two rice planthoppers and five natural enemy species were monitored by suction trapping on Beihuang Island, Shandong Province, China. Both planthoppers and the five natural enemies regularly comigrated from late April to late October each year. There were significant interannual and seasonal differences in the numbers of two rice planthoppers migrating across this island. Simulated seasonal migration trajectories indicated different source areas for the two rice planthoppers, which mainly originated in northeast, north and east China. The biomass of planthoppers was significantly positively correlated with that of the ladybug H. axyridis in all migration periods, and significant differences in the ratio of rice planthoppers to natural enemies among months. A time-lag effect between seasons was obtained when natural enemies and pests comigrated. CONCLUSION: Migration was coordinated between rice planthoppers and natural enemies in East Asia. When natural enemies and rice planthoppers comigrated, time lags between seasons were observed. The unique insights into the migration patterns will help to increase understanding of the occurrence of rice planthoppers in eastern Asia and provide an important theoretical basis for regional monitoring and management of rice planthoppers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Hemípteros , Oryza , Animais , Ásia Oriental , ChinaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To realize the dynamic visualization of forensic odontology based on the bibliometrics methods, and capture the research hotspots and identify the future development trend. METHODS: Literature articles published from January 1995 to December 2020 were searched according to specific subject words in the core data set of Web of Science. The visualization analysis of publishing country, institution, discipline, author, co-cited journal and keywords was performed by CiteSpace 5.7.R5W software. RESULTS: The annual analysis of publications showed an upward trend of forensic odontology research literature year by year, with the number of annual publications more than 110 in the last five years. Developed countries were the main source of contributions and the average centrality was greater than 0.2. The research of forensic odontology involved multiple disciplines, including stomatology, biology, computer science and medical imaging, with a distinct interdisciplinary feature. A total of 115 nodes were obtained by keyword cluster analysis. The principal line of forensic odontology mainly included individual identification and age estimation and the emergence of hotspots was closely related to new technologies. Population-based odontology investigation, improvement of traditional dental age estimation method and dental age estimation based on new technology were popular research in forensic odontology. CONCLUSIONS: Developing countries urgently need to increase the focus on related research. It may be an important direction for the development of forensic odontology to establish and enrich the regional dental database, develop new odontology identification technology combined with frontier and high-end technology, and develop the identification program based on advanced information technology.
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Medicina Legal , Software , BibliometriaRESUMO
Roadside soils are regarded as a reservoir for heavy metal pollution, which potentially leads to ecosystem deterioration as well as serious hazard to human health. A comprehensive investigation was conducted for the levels, relationship with soil properties, and potential sources of heavy metals (Hg, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cr) in roadside soils in six cities (Changzhi, Jincheng, Yuncheng, Linfen, Xinzhou, Datong) of Shanxi Province; and the corresponding ecological risk and human health risk associated with the concentrations of heavy metals were addressed. Heavy metal concentrations of 112 roadside soil samples in the surveyed cities were, in decreasing order, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, and Hg, which were higher than corresponding background values. The highest concentrations were in Changzhi. The results of Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that positive correlations in varying degrees existed between soil properties such as electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon with specific heavy metals and that negative correlations were observed for clay and electrical conductivity. Anthropogenic sources related to traffic emissions and industrialization were the main sources of heavy metals in roadside soils according to principal component analysis. The ecological risk assessments were achieved by pollution index and potential risk index, indicating that contamination with Hg was the most serious, which posed the highest risk to the ecosystems in the surveyed cities; and the ecological risk in Changzhi ranked at the top compared with other cities. For the human health risk assessment, the results demonstrated that the noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were in the acceptable range in the surveyed cities. However, there was a higher health risk from heavy metal exposure for children than adults, and the main exposure pathway was soil ingestion. In addition, Changzhi was the city with the highest noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, and the main human health risks were posed by Cr contamination in roadside soil, which was different from the results of ecological risks. Both results of ecological and health risk assessment demonstrated that the higher risk exhibited in southern and southeastern cities than northern cities in Shanxi Province. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1485-1500. © 2023 SETAC.