[Changes in lymphocyte subsets in infants with common lower respiratory tract infectious diseases].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes and clinical significance of lymphocyte subsets in infants with bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, and bronchiolitis. METHODS: A total of 111 children with bronchitis, 418 children with bronchopneumonia, and 83 children with bronchiolitis were enrolled as disease groups, and 235 healthy children were enrolled as control group. Flow cytometry was applied to measure lymphocyte subsets. RESULTS: The bronchitis group had significantly lower numbers of T cells and CD3+CD8+ T cells than the control group (P<0.05). The bronchopneumonia group had significantly lower numbers of T cells and CD3+CD8+ T cells, a significantly higher number of T helper (Th) cells, and a significantly higher CD4/CD8 ratio than the control group, as well as a significantly higher number of Th cells than the bronchitis group. Compared with the children with mild bronchopneumonia, those with severe bronchopneumonia showed a reduction in T cells and an increase in B cells (P<0.05). The bronchiolitis group had a significantly higher number of Th cells, a significantly higher CD4/CD8 ratio, and a significantly lower number of CD3+CD8+ T cells than the control group (P<0.01). The disease groups showed a significantly higher number of B cells and a significantly lower number of natural killer cells than the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A low, disturbed cellular immune function and a high humoral immune function are involved in the development and progression of lower respiratory tract infectious diseases. The changes in immune function are related to the type and severity of diseases.

catena-Poly[[diaqua-strontium]-bis-(µ-quinoline-3-carboxyl-ato)].

The title compound, [Sr(C(10)H(6)NO(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)](n), contains an eight-coordinate Sr(II) ion displaying a distorted square-anti-prismatic geometry, two quinoline-3-carboxyl-ate ligands and two terminal water mol-ecules. The Sr(II) atom is surrounded by six carboxyl-ate O atoms from four separate quinoline-3-carboxyl-ate ligands and two O atoms from two coordinated water mol-ecules. The bridging carboxyl-ate O atoms [Sr-O = 2.498 (3) and 2.495 (3) Å] link Sr(II) atoms, forming a chain substructure extending along the c axis. The chains are linked by O-H⋯N and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, giving a three-dimensional framework structure.

Poly[[[diaqua-sodium]-µ(3)-5-carb-oxy-2-ethyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxyl-ato-κN,O:O:O] monohydrate].

In the title complex, {[Na(C(7)H(7)N(2)O(4))(H(2)O)(2)]·H(2)O}(n), the Na(I) atom exhibits a distorted octa-hedral geometry and is six-coordinated in an NO(5) environment. The equatorial plane is defined by three O atoms and one N atom from two distinct 5-carb-oxy-2-ethyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxyl-ate (H(2)EIDC) ligands and one coordinated water mol-ecule, and the apical sites are occupied by one carboxyl O atom from one H(2)EIDC ligand and one O atom from the other coordinated water mol-ecule. The Na(I) atoms are linked by H(2)EIDC ligands, generating an infinite double chain along the a axis. These chains are further connected via O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional supra-molecular network.

[Effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress-responsive protein glucose-regulated protein 78, 94 and endoplasmic reticulum apoptosis factor caspase-12 in trophocyte on the pathogenesis of preeclampsia].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) and the ultrastructure change of the endoplasmic reticulum in trophocyte, mRNA and protein expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum molecular chaperone glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94), endoplasmic reticulum apoptosis factor cysteine protease protein 12 (caspase-12). METHODS: Sixty-five pregnant women who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July 2008 to January 2010, were selected as the subject. Thirty pregnancy women diagnosed with PE were divided into PE group and 35 normal pregnant women were used as control group. Electron Microscopy was used to measure ultrastructure change of the endoplasmic reticulum in placenta trophocyte. Reverse transcription (RT) PCR and western blot were used to investigute the expression levels of GRP78, GRP94, caspase-12 mRNA and protein in placenta. RESULTS: (1) In control group the volume of endoplasmic reticulum does not increase; no swelling and no expansion of endoplasmic reticulum was found. In PE group the edema number of endoplasmic reticulum was reduced; the volume of endoplasmic reticulum increased; expansion and vacuolation of cavity and degranulation of the endoplasmic reticulum was observed significantly. (2) The mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78 in placenta of PE group (2.59 ± 0.09 and 0.81 ± 0.31) were significantly higher than those in placenta of control group (1.16 ± 0.07 and 0.40 ± 0.10, P < 0.01). (3) The mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP94 in placenta of PE group (1.31 ± 0.91 and 0.55 ± 0.24) were significantly higher than those in placenta of control group (0.63 ± 0.57 and 0.22 ± 0.09, P < 0.01). (4) The mRNA and protein expression levels of caspase-12 in placenta of PE group (4.03 ± 0.65 and 1.56 ± 0.17) were significantly higher than those in placenta of control group (1.85 ± 0.85 and 0.91 ± 0.69, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The obvious expansion of endoplasmic reticulum in trophocyte and the increased expression levels of GRP78, GRP94 and caspase-12 indicate that endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis may be involved in the pathophysiological processes of PE.

Poly[diaqua-(µ(3)-1H-benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxyl-ato-κN:O,O:O)magnesium(II)].

In the title complex, [Mg(C(9)H(4)N(2)O(4))(H(2)O)(2)](n), the Mg(II) atom is six-coordinated by one N and three O atoms from three different 1H-benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxyl-ate ligands and two O atoms from two water mol-ecules, forming a slightly distorted octa-hedral geometry. The ligand links the Mg(II) centres into a three-dimensional network. Extensive N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds exist between the ligands and water mol-ecules, stabilizing the crystal structure.

Hexaaqua-nickel(II) 4,4'-(1,2-dihy-droxy-ethane-1,2-di-yl)dibenzoate monohydrate.

In the title compound, [Ni(H(2)O)(6)](C(16)H(12)O(6))·H(2)O, the Ni(II) cation is located on a mirror plane and is coordinated by six water mol-ecules, two of which are also located on the mirror plane, in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. The 4,4'-(1,2-dihy-droxy-ethane-1,2-di-yl)dibenzoate anion is centrosymmetric with the mid-point of the central ethane C-C bond located on an inversion center. The uncoordinated water mol-ecule is located on a mirror plane. Extensive O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure.

Poly[[diaqua-(µ(4)-1H-benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxyl-ato)strontium] monohydrate].

Each of the carboxyl-ate -CO(2) fragments of the dianion ligand in the title compound, {[Sr(C(9)H(4)N(2)O(4))(H(2)O)(2)]·H(2)O}(n), chelates to a Sr(II) atom and at the same time, one of the two O atoms coordinates to a third Sr(II) atom. The µ(4)-bridging mode of the dianion generates a square-grid layer motif; adjacent layers are connected by O-H⋯O, O-H⋯N and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. The eight-coordinate Sr atom exists in a distorted square-anti-prismatic geometry. The crystal studied was a non-merohedral twin with a minor twin component of 24%.