Case Report: Successful Treatment of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Due to Extensively Drug-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae in a Kidney Transplant Recipient Using Chloramphenicol.

Effective therapies for multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms, especially Gram-negative bacteria, are becoming rare. Also, solid-organ transplant recipients are at high risk of MDR Gram-negative bacilli infection. Urinary tract infections are the most frequent bacterial infections in kidney transplant recipients and are an important cause of mortality after renal transplantation. We describe a case of complicated urinary tract infection in a kidney transplant patient due to extensively drug-resistant (XDR) K. pneumoniae treated successfully with a regimen comprising a combination of chloramphenicol and ertapenem. We do not recommend chloramphenicol as a first-line choice for treating complicated urinary tract infections. Still, we believe it is an alternative for infections caused by MDR and/or XDR pathogens in renal transplant patients, as other options are nephrotoxic.

Insuficiência hepática grave associada à amiloidose hepática: relato de caso / Severe liver failure and hepatic amyloidosis: case report

A amiloidose primária é uma doença sistêmica que resulta do depósito de fibrilas amiloides em vários órgãos e tecidos. É usualmente uma doença rapidamente progressiva que se apresenta com síndromes clínicas características. O envolvimento hepático sintomático está presente em 16% dos pacientes, sendo a apresentação mais comum a hepatomegalia e elevação de fosfatase alcalina. Insuficiência hepática é incomum. A colestase é usualmente um achado pré-terminal. A biópsia hepática mostra depósito amiloide perisinusoidal e portal com envolvimento vascular das tríades portais. A sobrevida média após o diagnóstico é de 8 meses e meio. O prognóstico de pacientes com colestase hepática parece ser pior (sobrevida média 3 meses). As terapias atuais baseiam-se no uso de melfalan e corticoide, com pouca resposta hematológica, mínima melhora na função de órgãos acometidos e pequeno aumento da sobrevida. Relatamos um caso de uma mulher de 34 anos, há 2 meses com adinamia, náuseas, vômitos, dor epigástrica e icterícia, além de hepatomegalia. A paciente apresentou piora da função hepática, encefalopatia e hipotensão refratária, evoluindo para óbito 7 dias após admissão hospitalar. A biópsia hepática transcutânea revelou amiloidose maciça.

Primary amyloidosis is a systemic disease that results from the deposition of amyloid fibrils in various organs and tissues. It is usually a rapidly progressive disease which presents characteristic clinical syndromes. Symptomatic liver involvement accounts for 16% of patients, the most common presentation being hepatomegaly and elevated alkaline phosphatase. Liver failure is uncommon. Cholestasis is usually a pre-terminal finding. Liver biopsy discloses portal and perisinusoidal amyloid deposition with vascular involvement in the portal spaces. Median survival after diagnosis is 8 and a half months. Prognosis of patients with cholestatic liver seems to be worse (median survival 3 months). Current therapies are based on the use of melphalan and corticosteroids, with little hematological response, minimal improvement in function of organs affected and small increase in survival. A case of 34 year-old woman is reported with adynamia, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, jaundice and hepatomegaly for two months, followed by worsening liver dysfunction, encephalopathy, and refractory hypotension, progressing to death 7 days after hospital admission. A transcutaneous liver biopsy revealed massive amyloidosis.