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AIMS: COVID-19 represents one of the greatest global healthcare challenges in a generation. Orthopaedic departments within the UK have shifted care to manage trauma in ways that minimize exposure to COVID-19. As the incidence of COVID-19 decreases, we explore the impact and risk factors of COVID-19 on patient outcomes within our department. METHODS: We retrospectively included all patients who underwent a trauma or urgent orthopaedic procedure from 23 March to 23 April 2020. Electronic records were reviewed for COVID-19 swab results and mortality, and patients were screened by telephone a minimum 14 days postoperatively for symptoms of COVID-19. RESULTS: A total of 214 patients had orthopaedic surgical procedures, with 166 included for analysis. Patients undergoing procedures under general or spinal anaesthesia had a higher risk of contracting perioperative COVID-19 compared to regional/local anaesthesia (p = 0.0058 and p = 0.0007, respectively). In all, 15 patients (9%) had a perioperative diagnosis of COVID-19, 14 of whom had fragility fractures; six died within 30 days of their procedure (40%, 30-day mortality). For proximal femoral fractures, our 30-day mortality was 18.2%, compared to 7% in 2019. CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, patients undergoing procedures under regional or local anaesthesia have minimal risk of developing COVID-19 perioperatively. Those with multiple comorbidities and fragility fractures have a higher morbidity and mortality if they contract COVID-19 perioperatively; therefore, protective care pathways could go some way to mitigate the risk. Our 30-day mortality of proximal femoral fractures was 18.2% during the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison to the annual national average of 6.1% in 2018 and the University Hospital Coventry average of 7% for the same period in 2019, as reported in the National Hip Fracture Database. Patients undergoing procedures under general or spinal anaesthesia at the peak of the pandemic had a higher risk of contracting perioperative COVID-19 compared to regional block or local anaesthesia. We question whether young patients undergoing day-case procedures under regional block or local anaesthesia with minimal comorbidities require fourteen days self-isolation; instead, we advocate that compliance with personal protective equipment, a negative COVID-19 swab three days prior to surgery, and screening questionnaire may be sufficient.Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-9:520-529.
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BACKGROUND: With improved understanding of the biomechanical importance of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL), its reconstruction for patellar dislocation has become increasingly popular. The aim of this systematic review was to critically determine the effectiveness of MPFL reconstruction for patellar dislocation. HYPOTHESIS: MPFL reconstruction for patellar dislocation leads to a low redislocation rate with improved Kujala scores. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: A literature search was performed using Embase and Medline (Ovid) databases. Inclusion criteria included first-time and recurrent patellar dislocation, subluxation, or persistent instability with a minimum follow-up of 12 months and documentation of postoperative redislocation rate or Kujala score. The studies were systematically appraised, and a meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS: Twenty-two studies were included: 2 randomized controlled trials, 3 parallel case series, and 17 case series. There were a total of 655 knees in the review, with an age range at time of surgery from 11 to 52 years. The pooled postoperative redislocation rate from all 17 case series showed a mean of 2.44%. The pooled preoperative Kujala scores from 12 case series showed a mean of 51.6 (95% CI, 46.71-56.49). The pooled postoperative Kujala scores from 16 case series showed a mean of 87.77 (95% CI, 85.15-90.39). CONCLUSION: Although the studies were of low quality, the meta-analysis of 17 case series shows that MPFL reconstruction for recurrent patellar dislocation results in a significant improvement in Kujala scores, a low redislocation rate, and acceptable complication rate. Randomized trials would be needed to draw influences on the superiority of MPFL reconstruction compared with other treatments.
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Outcomes of nonoperative treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip were compared between two centres. Eighty children in Centre A underwent staged weaning of the Pavlik harness once three consecutive weekly ultrasounds showed Graf Grade I hips, whereas in 48 children in Centre B, the harness was removed immediately. No statistically significant difference was found in the rate of reintervention (repeat harness treatment, closed or open reduction), avascular necrosis or acetabular index between the two methods, although there was a nonsignificant trend towards higher reintervention rate and lower avascular necrosis rate with immediate harness removal. Age at start of treatment significantly impacted upon initial harness success, reinterventions and avascular necrosis.