RESUMO
Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile is the main etiology underlying antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Still, few Brazilian data are available on this infection. The aims of this multicenter study were to identify the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of C. difficile infection (CDI) in patients with antibiotic associated diarrhea at eight hospitals in Curitiba, southern Brazil, during the years 2017-2019. Stool samples were tested using enzyme immunoassay for glutamate dehydrogenase antigen (GDH) and A/B toxins. Positive GDH samples were further evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of genes encoding toxin B (tcdB), binary toxin (cdt), and marker of hypervirulent C. difficile strain (tcdC deletion). The prevalence of CDI in 351 patients with AAD included in the study was 17.7% (n = 62). Among the CDI cases, tcdB was positive in all 62 stool samples, while cdt was positive in 10 samples, and tcdC deletion was positive in only two. Carriage of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli, previous hospitalization, and use of broad-spectrum cephalosporin and carbapenem were associated with CDI. Among patients with CDI, 64.5% presented with severe diarrhea, and 8% (5/62) progressed with colitis and required intensive care. The 30-day mortality was 24% (15/62), and the CDI-associated mortality was 4.8% (3/62). Overall, 83.8% (52/62) of the patients achieved primary cure, and 20.8% of the evaluated patients (10/48) presented CDI recurrence. The treatment administered was not significantly associated with the 60-day recurrence or mortality. In conclusion, we reported in this study data of prevalence and recurrence rates of CDI in patients with AAD and evaluated the number of severe cases and infection-related mortality, which were up to now unknown in Southern Brazilian hospitals.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Toxinas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Clostridioides difficile/efeitos dos fármacos , Clostridioides difficile/genética , Infecções por Clostridium/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Clostridium/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/mortalidade , Diarreia/tratamento farmacológico , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/microbiologia , Fezes/química , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Ralstonia mannitolilytica, a Gram-negative bacterium, is rarely isolated in clinical laboratories. It has been associated with outbreaks due to its ability to survive in liquid media and hospital devices. We describe three cases of bacteremia caused by R. mannitolilytica in a neonatal intensive care unit in Curitiba, Southern Brazil. All isolates presented the same PFGE profile. The common source of infection was undetected in surveillance cultures for the outbreak survey. All patients received antimicrobial treatment and were discharged from the maternity. Due to the characteristics of the microorganism, clinicians and microbiologists should pay attention to the emergence of Ralstonia spp. infections.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Ralstonia/isolamento & purificação , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Brasil , Infecção Hospitalar/diagnóstico , Feminino , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/diagnóstico , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , MasculinoRESUMO
Abstract Ralstonia mannitolilytica, a Gram-negative bacterium, is rarely isolated in clinical laboratories. It has been associated with outbreaks due to its ability to survive in liquid media and hospital devices. We describe three cases of bacteremia caused by R. mannitolilytica in a neonatal intensive care unit in Curitiba, Southern Brazil. All isolates presented the same PFGE profile. The common source of infection was undetected in surveillance cultures for the outbreak survey. All patients received antimicrobial treatment and were discharged from the maternity. Due to the characteristics of the microorganism, clinicians and microbiologists should pay attention to the emergence of Ralstonia spp. infections.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Ralstonia/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Infecção Hospitalar/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/diagnóstico , Bacteriemia/diagnósticoRESUMO
A principal causa de óbito em pacientes com fibrose cística é a infecção pulmonar crônica causada por Pseudomonas aeruginosa, tornando a detecção e o tratamento precoces de crucial importância na prevenção do estabelecimento da infecção crônica. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar se anticorpos contra o lipopolissacáride de Pseudomonas aeruginosa em crianças poderiam ser detectados antes do isolamento da bactéria em culturas de secreções respiratórias. Quarenta e quatro crianças diagnosticadas com fibrose cística foram acompanhadas por tr?es anos. Foram coletados swabs de faringe posterior para cultura e amostras de sangue para detecção de anticorpos IgG específicos contra um preparado padrão de antígeno polissacarídico de Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A incidência da colonização detectada pelas culturas aumentou diretamente com a idade. Houve uma relação inversa significativa entre as idades médias e a especificidade do IgG. A detecção da bactéria por cultura propendeu a ocorrer antes do aumento de IgG e a sorologia somente foi capaz de discriminar pacientes positivos e negativos antes da cultura em crianças entre 2 e 4 anos de idade. Na prática clínica, as culturas de orofaringe continuam sendo a principal ferramenta para detectar a colonização por Pseudomonas aeruginosa em crianças pequenas.