Consensus document of the management of type 2 diabetes and heart failure: Consejo Interamericano de Falla Cardíaca e Hipertensión Pulmonar (CIFACAH) and Inter-American Society of Cardiology (IASC).

Heart failure (HF) syndrome is a global public health issue. On the other hand, type 2 diabetes is a risk factor associated with overweight/obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. This consensus aims to compile information available on the relationship between HF and type 2 diabetes and present, in a summarized and practical way, the management recommendations based on scientific evidence. The document includes the description of the epidemiology of HF and type 2 diabetes; pathophysiology of HF and type 2 diabetes; cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes; stages of HF; management of type 2 diabetes in patients with HF; and management of HF in patients with type 2 diabetes. Lastly, in the conclusions section, the growing trend of both events and the need to start preventive activities is presented, as well as the favorable role of antidiabetic drugs in the treatment of patients with HF.

El síndrome de insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) es un problema de salud pública global. Por su parte, la diabetes tipo 2 es un factor de riesgo asociado a sobrepeso/obesidad y sedentarismo. El presente consenso busca recopilar la información disponible sobre la relación entre la IC y la diabetes tipo 2, y presentar, de manera práctica y resumida, las recomendaciones de manejo basadas en la evidencia científica. El documento se estructura en la descripción de la epidemiología de la IC y la diabetes tipo 2; la fisiopatología de la IC y la diabetes tipo 2; las complicaciones cardiovasculares de la diabetes tipo 2; los estadios de la IC; el manejo de la diabetes tipo 2 en pacientes con IC; y el manejo de la IC en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. Por último, en el apartado de conclusiones se presenta una clara tendencia creciente de ambos eventos y se señala la necesidad del inicio de actividades preventivas, así como también el papel favorable de los fármacos antidiabéticos en el tratamiento de los pacientes con IC.

Consensus document on the use of sacubitril/valsartan in patients with heart failure: Consejo Interamericano de Falla Cardiaca e Hipertensión Pulmonar (CIFACAH) of the Inter-American Society of Cardiology (IASC).

Heart failure (HF) is a significant event for public health. It has a prevalence between 1-2%, mortality rate between 7-17%, and hospitalization between 32-44%. This implies a risk to health and quality of life, but also great financial efforts for health systems. Sacubitril/valsartan is a medication recognized for its efficacy, and this consensus seeks to synthesize the available information regarding its use for the benefit of patients. This document consists of a description of the epidemiology of HF, pharmacology of the drug, clinical trials, use of the drug in cases with reduced ejection fraction, mildly reduced ejection fraction and preserved ejection fraction, available literature on HF guidelines, recommendations and conclusions.

La insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) es un evento significativo para la salud pública. Tiene una prevalencia entre el 1 y 2%, tasa de mortalidad entre el 7 y 17% y de hospitalización entre el 32 y 44%. Esto implica un riesgo a la salud y calidad de vida, pero también grandes esfuerzos financieros para los sistemas de salud. El sacubitrilo/valsartán es un medicamento reconocido por su eficacia, y este consenso busca sintetizar la información disponible respecto a su uso en búsqueda del beneficio de los pacientes. El presente documento se compone de una descripción de la epidemiología de la IC, farmacología del medicamento, estudios clínicos sobre este, uso del medicamento en casos con fracción de eyección reducida, fracción de eyección ligeramente reducida y fracción de eyección preservada, literatura disponible en guías de IC, recomendaciones y conclusiones.

Comparison of the Parasitization of Chelonus inanitus L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Two Spodoptera Pests and Evaluation of the Procedure for Its Production.

Chelonus inanitus (L.) is an egg-larval parasitoid of noctuids Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) and S. littoralis (Boisduval), whose mass rearing or real potential has not been targeted yet. To improve the rearing in the factitious host Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, we investigated the influence of host age and number of females parasitizing simultaneously on the overall rearing success, the influence of host age on the life cycle, and the influence of host species on the parasitoid body size. The proportion of emerging C. inanitus was higher from young host eggs, but more females emerged from mature eggs. Under high parasitoid competition, we observed a reduction in non-parasitized hosts without reducing parasitoid emergence. The parasitoid life cycle was longer in females, but the mismatch between sexes was smaller in mature eggs. The parasitoid size was smaller in the factitious host than in the natural hosts. Under semi-field conditions, we investigated the competition among parasitoid females on the overall parasitism success. The reproductive parasitism was more successful in S. exigua than in S. littoralis, and the maximum emergence was reached with three and four females, respectively. The control of S. littoralis may be attributed to the high developmental mortality, a non-reproductive parasitism that is often underestimated.

Latin-American Registry of Cardiovascular Disease and COVID-19: Rationale and Design of the CARDIO COVID 19-20 Registry.

Background: Infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) exhibits a strong infectivity but less virulence compared to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). In terms of cardiovascular morbidity, susceptible population include elderly and patients with certain cardiovascular conditions. This infection has been associated with cardiac injury, cardiovascular complications and higher mortality. Objectives: The main objective of the CARDIO COVID 19-20 Registry is to determine the presence of cardiovascular comorbidities and cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 infected patients that required in-hospital treatment in different Latin American institutions. Methods: The CARDIO COVID 19-20 Registry is an observational, multicenter, ambispective, and hospital-based registry of patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection who required in-hospital treatment in Latin America. Enrollment of patients started on May 01, 2020 and was initially planned to last three months; based on the progression of pandemic in Latin America, enrollment was extended until December 2020, and could be extended once again based on the pandemic course in our continent at that moment. Conclusions: The CARDIO COVID 19-20 Registry will characterize the in-hospital population diagnosed with COVID-19 in Latin America in order to identify risk factors for worsening of cardiovascular comorbidities or for the appearance of cardiovascular complications during hospitalization and during the 30-day follow up period.