Cross-cultural adaptation and measurement properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the spinal cord injury - Falls Concern Scale.

STUDY DESIGN: Psychometric study. OBJECTIVES: To cross-culturally adapt the spinal cord injury-falls concern scale (SCI-FCS) to the Brazilian Portuguese language and to evaluate its measurement properties. SETTING: SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. METHODS: The SCI-FCS was translated and culturally adapted to the Brazilian- Portuguese language, following recommended guidelines. The following measurement properties were verified: internal consistency (Cronbach's α), test-retest reliability (ICC and quadratic-weighted kappa coefficients), and construct validity (Rasch analysis). RESULTS: One-hundred and thirty individuals participated. The median SCI-FCS-Brazil score was 27 (22-34). The Cronbach's α was 0.95; ICC was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.86-0.95) for the total test-retest scores, and the Kappa coefficients ranged from 0.04 to 0.87 (95% CI, 0.01-1) for the item-level reliability. Rasch analysis reliability index was 0.81 and 0.98 and the separation index was 2.10 and 6.25 for the persons and items, respectively. Both items and persons fitted the statistics model's expectations, ensuring its unidimensionality. CONCLUSIONS: The SCI-FCS-Brazil showed adequate measurement properties. Its use in manual wheelchair users with SCI is recommended to help defining rehabilitation strategies.

Ovarian gene expression in collared peccary (Pecari tajacu Linnaeus, 1758) subjected to gonadotropin stimulation protocols.

Ovarian response of collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu), after hormonal stimulation with gonadotropin association (eCG/hCG), was accessed by both gene expression and follicular development. Thus, collared peccaries (n = 8) were treated with the dose used for sows (swine dose, SWD) or with dose adjusted for peccary's weight (allometric dose, ALD). The gene expression of receptors was evaluated for both gonadotropins (FSHR and LHCGR) and growth factors (proteins codified by TGFßR-1, BMPR1-A and BMPR2 genes) in antral follicles, cortex and corpora haemorrhagica (CH). Five days after gonadotropin injection, all females presented CH. The ovulation rate was similar (p > .05) between SWD (4.00 ± 1.17) and ALD (2.50 ± 0.43) group. The total number of follicles per animal and amounts of small (<3 mm), medium (3-5 mm) and large (>5 mm) follicles was similar among groups. However, SWD produced large follicles heavier than ALD group, as accessed by weight of follicular wall biopsies. Ovarian follicles expressed both gonadotropin and growth factor receptors at levels which are independent from gonadotropin dose. In conclusion, the two gonadotropin doses (SWD and ALD) can be used for ovarian stimulation of collared peccary. Additionally, FSH and growth factors (TGFßR-1, BMPR1-A and BMPR2) receptors are more expressed in the early follicle development, while LH receptor seems to be more important in the final of follicular growth.

A Collaborative and Cognitive-based Intervention for Young People with Cerebral Palsy.

BACKGROUND.: Evidence-based approaches to improve function in individuals with cerebral palsy are needed. PURPOSE.: To investigate the effectiveness of the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance approach™ (CO-OP) to improve performance on self-chosen, functional goals as compared to traditional occupational therapy for cerebral palsy. METHOD.: Crossover design with 12 participants, aged 6-15 years, randomly assigned to CO-OP and traditional intervention groups, followed by crossover and a 3-month follow-up. The participants identified three occupation-based goals for CO-OP and each group received ten 45-minutes intervention twice weekly in clinical context. Occupational performance, manual dexterity and Gross Motor Function Measures were analysed using generalized estimating equations. FINDINGS.: There were clinical and statistically significant improvements in functional goals following CO-OP and not traditional therapy. There were gains in dexterity but not in gross motor skills. IMPLICATIONS.: CO-OP was effective to improve functional performance in young people with cerebral palsy and should be more utilized.

In Vitro Development and Mitochondrial Gene Expression in Brown Brocket Deer (Mazama gouazoubira) Embryos Obtained by Interspecific Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer.

The genetic diversity of Neotropical deer is increasingly jeopardized, owing to declining population size. Thus, the formation of cryobanking of somatic cells is important for the preservation of these species using cloning. The transformation of these cells into viable embryos has been hampered by a lack of endangered species oocytes. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to produce brown brocket deer embryos by interspecific somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT), using goat or cattle oocytes as cytoplasts, and to elucidate embryo mitochondrial activity by measuring the expression levels of ATP6, COX3, and ND5. Cattle embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) were used as a control. There were no differences in the development of embryos produced by traditional SCNT and iSCNT when using either the goat cytoplasts (38.4% vs. 25.0% cleaved and 40.0% vs. 50.0% morula rates, respectively) or cattle cytoplast (72.8% vs. 65.5% cleaved and 11.3% vs. 5.9% blastocyst rates, respectively). Concerning the gene expression, no significant difference was observed when goat oocytes were used as cytoplasts. However, when using cattle oocytes and 16S as a reference gene, the iSCNT upregulated COX3, when compared with SCNT group. In contrast, when GAPDH was used as a reference gene, all the evaluated genes were upregulated in the iSCNT group, when compared with the IVF group. When compared with the SCNT group, only the expression of ATP6 was statistically different. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that interspecific nuclear transfer is a potentially useful tool for conservation programs of endangered similar deer species.

The Effects of Cryopreservation on Different Passages of Fibroblast Cell Culture in Brown Brocket Deer (Mazama gouazoubira).

The brown brocket deer Mazama gouazoubira is 1 of the 10 recognized brocket deer of the Neotropical region. Recently, this species has suffered a population decline due to current threats, mainly poaching and habitat loss. Several studies have shown that some endangered species can benefit from interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer technology through the use of their somatic cells, such as the fibroblasts. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the viability and the effect of cryopreservation on fibroblasts after several passages. For this purpose, fibroblast cells were cultured until passages 4, 7, and 10 (cultured control groups) and cryopreserved in cryotubes (frozen/warmed groups). The cellular viability, functionality, and percentage of cells undergoing necrosis and apoptosis were evaluated. The survival rates were always higher than 80% irrespective of the tested group, except for passage 10 in the frozen/warmed group. Population doubling time of cultured cells from passage 10 was significantly higher than that of passages 4 and 7, exhibiting low metabolic activity and a higher percentage of cells in initial apoptosis. In conclusion, the M. gouazoubira fibroblast-derived cell line provides an essential resource for further studies regarding reproductive biotechniques and is likely to be useful as an ex situ conservation strategy.

Overexpression of hyaluronan synthase 2 and gonadotropin receptors in cumulus cells of goats subjected to one-shot eCG/FSH hormonal treatment for ovarian stimulation.

Hormonal ovarian stimulation may affect transcripts in somatic cells of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) and affect the resulting oocyte quality. Here, in parallel with morphological classification and in vitro maturation (IVM) rate analysis, we investigated the expression of hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), gonadotropic receptors (FSHR and LHR) and connexin 43 (GJA1) in cumulus cells (CCs) from goat COCs after multi-dose FSH (MD) or one-shot FSH/eCG (OS) treatments, using bovine COCs as control groups. The MD treatment produced more large follicles, and the resulting COCs had a better morphology and IVM rate than were obtained with OS. The OS treatment produced COCs with increased HAS2, FSHR, LHR and GJA1 expression. This gene expression pattern was also observed in the CCs of COCs that showed poor morphological characteristics. On the other hand, the mRNA levels were more similar between groups after IVM; FSHR and LHR were the main genes that showed decreased expression. Some events that occurred in bovine CCs during IVM, such as cell expansion, increased HAS2 expression and decreased GJA1 expression, were less evident or did not occur in goat COCs. In conclusion, increasing HAS2, FSHR, LHR and GJA1 expression in goat COCs does not confer greater meiotic competence to oocytes. Instead, it may result from poor regulation of gene expression in CCs by lower quality oocytes. Finally, cumulus expansion, together with HAS2 upregulation and GJA1 downregulation, seems to be more important for bovine COCs than for goat COCs. Additional studies are needed to investigate the importance of other HAS isoforms and connexins in goat COCs.

Functional Outcome of School Children With History of Global Developmental Delay.

This study aimed to investigate the functional and developmental outcomes in school age children diagnosed with global developmental delay before 2 years old and to verify the association between their final diagnosis and environmental and biological factors. Forty-five Brazilian children (26 boys), mean age 95.84 (7.72) months, who attended regular school and were diagnosed with global developmental delay before they were 2 years old had their functions evaluated. Children with global developmental delay were diagnosed with several conditions at school age. Students with greater chances of receiving a diagnosis were those whose mothers were younger at the time their children were born (OR = 1.47, CI = 1.04-2.09, P = .03), who had impaired motor performance, specially balance (OR = 1.33, CI = 1.01-1.75, P = .04), and who needed help during cognitive and behavioral tasks at school (OR = 1.08, CI = 1.00-1.17, P = .048). Interdisciplinary evaluation contributed to defining the specific diagnosis and to identifying the necessity of specialized support.

Preterm children have unfavorable motor, cognitive, and functional performance when compared to term children of preschool age / Crianças pré-termo apresentam desempenho motor, cognitivo e funcional desfavorável em relação a neonatos a termo em idade pré-escolar

OBJECTIVE: to compare the motor coordination, cognitive, and functional development of preterm and term children at the age of 4 years. METHODS: this was a cross-sectional study of 124 four-year-old children, distributed in two different groups, according to gestational age and birth weight, paired by gender, age, and socioeconomic level. All children were evaluated by the Movement Assessment Battery for Children - second edition (MABC-2), the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI), and the Columbia Mental Maturity Scale (CMMS). RESULTS: preterm children had worse performance in all tests, and 29.1% of the preterm and 6.5% of term groups had scores on the MABC-2 indicative of motor coordination disorder (p = 0.002). In the CMMS (p = 0.034), the median of the standardized score for the preterm group was 99.0 (± 13.75) and 103.0 (± 12.25) for the term group; on the PEDI, preterm children showed more limited skill repertoire (p = 0.001) and required more assistance from the caregiver (p = 0.010) than term children. CONCLUSION: this study reinforced the evidence that preterm children from different socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to have motor, cognitive, and functional development impairment, detectable before school age, than their term peers. .

OBJETIVO: comparar o desenvolvimento da coordenação motora, o desenvolvimento cognitivo e o desempenho funcional de crianças nascidas pré-termo e a termo, aos quatro anos de idade. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal com 124 crianças de quatro anos de idade, distribuídas em dois grupos distintos, de acordo com a idade gestacional e peso ao nascimento, pareadas com relação ao sexo, idade e nível socioeconômico. Todas as crianças foram avaliadas pelos testes Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition (MABC-2), Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade (PEDI) e Escala de Maturidade Mental Colúmbia (EMMC). RESULTADOS: as crianças pré-termo tiveram pior desempenho em todos os testes, sendo que 29,1% das crianças do grupo pré-termo e 6,5% do grupo a termo apresentaram pontuação no MABC-2 indicativa de sinais de transtorno da coordenação motora (p = 0,002). No Columbia (p = 0,034), a mediana do resultado padronizado para o grupo pré-termo foi de 99,0 (±13,75), e do grupo a termo foi 103,0 (±12,25); no PEDI, crianças pré-termo tiveram menor repertório de habilidades (p = 0,001) e necessitaram de maior assistência do cuidador (p = 0,010) do que as crianças a termo. CONCLUSÃO: este estudo reforça as evidências de que crianças pré-termo, de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos, são mais propensas a apresentarem alterações no desenvolvimento motor, cognitivo e funcional, detectáveis antes da idade escolar, que seus pares nascidos a termo. .

Factors influencing the motor development of prematurely born school-aged children in Brazil.

Despite technological advances in neonatology, premature children are still susceptible to disruptions in neurological development. The current study aimed to analyze the factors that influence motor development in prematurely born school-aged children in Brazil. This cross-sectional study involved 100 "apparently normal" children, aged 8-10 years, born at less than 35 weeks of gestation or with birth weight< 1500 g. Their motor development was assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2). The children's neuropsychological and academic performance was assessed with the Token Test (TT) and Teste de Desempenho Escolar (TDE), respectively. Parents answered questions regarding the child's clinical history and behavior using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and family environment resources (RAF). Hierarchical multivariate analyses revealed that 39% of the children scored lower on the MABC-2, as compared to that expected for their age (manual dexterity: 49%; balance: 35%; throwing/catching a ball: 26%). Multivariate analysis indicated that the lower the birth weight, the maternal age at childbirth, and the RAF score, the greater was the chance of impairment on the MABC-2 scores. The probability of having an impairment MABC-2 scores was four times higher when the mother was not employed. We also found associations between MABC-2 scores and the tasks of tying shoes and opening/closing zippers and buttons. Factors related to children's home environments and birth weight are associated with deficient motor performance in prematurely born Brazilian school-aged children. Deficient motor skills were also associated with difficulty in performing functional tasks requiring greater manual dexterity.

Internal structure of the Children Helping Out: Responsibilities, Expectations, and Supports (CHORES) measure.

The purpose of this study was to examine the internal structure of the Children Helping Out: Responsibilities, Expectations, and Supports (CHORES), an assessment of household task participation for children. Rasch analysis was used to examine patterns of item response and scale structure with data collected from caregivers of 132 children and youth ages 6-14 yr with and without disabling conditions. Internal consistency was strong for the total measure and the subscales. The items in both subscales fit the measurement model, and the item difficulty order matched the expected pattern from harder to easier household task performance and degree of caregiver assistance. The sample distribution in the hierarchical continuum showed that younger participants and those with physical disabilities tended to score lower. Some inconsistencies in rating scale use suggest a need for further clarification of the scoring criteria for measurement coherence.

Preterm children have unfavorable motor, cognitive, and functional performance when compared to term children of preschool age.

OBJECTIVE: to compare the motor coordination, cognitive, and functional development of preterm and term children at the age of 4 years. METHODS: this was a cross-sectional study of 124 four-year-old children, distributed in two different groups, according to gestational age and birth weight, paired by gender, age, and socioeconomic level. All children were evaluated by the Movement Assessment Battery for Children - second edition (MABC-2), the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI), and the Columbia Mental Maturity Scale (CMMS). RESULTS: preterm children had worse performance in all tests, and 29.1% of the preterm and 6.5% of term groups had scores on the MABC-2 indicative of motor coordination disorder (p=0.002). In the CMMS (p=0.034), the median of the standardized score for the preterm group was 99.0 (± 13.75) and 103.0 (± 12.25) for the term group; on the PEDI, preterm children showed more limited skill repertoire (p=0.001) and required more assistance from the caregiver (p=0.010) than term children. CONCLUSION: this study reinforced the evidence that preterm children from different socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to have motor, cognitive, and functional development impairment, detectable before school age, than their term peers.

Effect of preterm birth on motor development, behavior, and school performance of school-age children: a systematic review / Efeito do nascimento prematuro no desenvolvimento motor, comportamento e de-sempenho de crianças em idade escolar: revisão sistemática

OBJECTIVES: to examine and synthesize the available knowledge in the literature about the effects of preterm birth on the development of school-age children. SOURCES: This was a systematic review of studies published in the past ten years indexed in MEDLINE/Pubmed, MEDLINE/BVS; LILACS/BVS; IBECS/BVS; Cochrane/BVS, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycNET in three languages (Portuguese, Spanish, and English). Observational and experimental studies that assessed motor development and/or behavior and/or academic performance and whose target-population consisted of preterm children aged 8 to 10 years were included. Article quality was assessed by the Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scales; articles that did not achieve a score of 80% or more were excluded. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: the electronic search identified 3,153 articles, of which 33 were included based on the eligibility criteria. Only four studies found no effect of prematurity on the outcomes (two articles on behavior, one on motor performance and one on academic performance). Among the outcomes of interest, behavior was the most searched (20 articles, 61%), followed by academic performance (16 articles, 48%) and motor impairment (11 articles, 33%). CONCLUSION: premature infants are more susceptible to motor development, behavior and academic performance impairment when compared to term infants. These types of impairments, whose effects are manifested in the long term, can be prevented through early parental guidance, monitoring by specialized professionals, and interventions. .

OBJETIVOS: examinar e sintetizar o conhecimento da literatura sobre os efeitos do nascimento prematuro no desenvolvimento de crianças em idade escolar. FONTES DE DADOS: revisão sistemática de estudos dos últimos 10 anos indexados nas bases de dados Medline/Pubmed; Medline/BVS; Lilacs/BVS; IBECS/BVS; Cochrane/BVS; Cinahl; Web of Science; Scopus e PsycNET, em três línguas (português, espanhol e inglês). Foram incluídos estudos observacionais e experimentais que avaliaram o desenvolvimento motor e/ou comportamento e/ou desempenho escolar e que tinham como população-alvo crianças prematuras na faixa etária de oito a 10 anos. A qualidade dos artigos foi avaliada pelas escalas STROBE e PEDro e utilizou-se ainda, como critério de exclusão, artigos que não atingissem uma pontuação correspondente a 80% ou mais nos itens das referidas escalas. SíNTESE DE DADOS: a busca eletrônica identificou 3.153 artigos, sendo que 33 foram incluídos a partir dos critérios de elegibilidade. Apenas quatro estudos não encontraram qualquer efeito da prematuridade sobre os desfechos pesquisados (dois artigos sobre o comportamento, um sobre desempenho motor e um sobre desempenho escolar). Dentre os desfechos de interesse, o comportamento foi o mais pesquisado (20 artigos/61%) seguido do desempenho escolar (16/48%) e dos problemas motores (11/33%). CONCLUSÃO: crianças prematuras são mais susceptíveis a prejuízos no desenvolvimento nas áreas motoras, de comportamento e de desempenho escolar em longo prazo quando comparadas a crianças nascidas a termo. Portanto, esses diferentes tipos de agravos, cujos efeitos se manifestam, em longo prazo, podem ser prevenidos precocemente através de orientação dos pais, acompanhamento dos profissionais especializados e intervenção. .

Effect of preterm birth on motor development, behavior, and school performance of school-age children: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: to examine and synthesize the available knowledge in the literature about the effects of preterm birth on the development of school-age children. SOURCES: this was a systematic review of studies published in the past ten years indexed in MEDLINE/Pubmed, MEDLINE/BVS; LILACS/BVS; IBECS/BVS; Cochrane/BVS, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycNET in three languages (Portuguese, Spanish, and English). Observational and experimental studies that assessed motor development and/or behavior and/or academic performance and whose target-population consisted of preterm children aged 8 to 10 years were included. Article quality was assessed by the Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scales; articles that did not achieve a score of 80% or more were excluded. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: the electronic search identified 3,153 articles, of which 33 were included based on the eligibility criteria. Only four studies found no effect of prematurity on the outcomes (two articles on behavior, one on motor performance and one on academic performance). Among the outcomes of interest, behavior was the most searched (20 articles, 61%), followed by academic performance (16 articles, 48%) and motor impairment (11 articles, 33%). CONCLUSION: premature infants are more susceptible to motor development, behavior and academic performance impairment when compared to term infants. These types of impairments, whose effects are manifested in the long term, can be prevented through early parental guidance, monitoring by specialized professionals, and interventions.

Cross-cultural adaptation and analysis of the psychometric properties of the Balance Evaluation Systems Test and MiniBESTest in the elderly and individuals with Parkinson's disease: application of the Rasch model.

BACKGROUND: Older adults and individuals with neurological problems such as Parkinson's disease (PD) exhibit balance deficits that might impair their mobility and independence. The assessment of balance must be useful in identifying the presence of instability and orient interventions. OBJECTIVE: To translate and perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) and MiniBESTest to Brazilian Portuguese and analyze its psychometric properties. METHOD: The tests were translated and adapted to Portuguese according to a standard method and then subjected to a test-retest reliability assessment (10 older adults; 10 individuals with PD). The psychometric properties were assessed by the Rasch model (35 older adults; 35 individuals with PD). RESULTS: The reliability coefficient of the tests relative to the items and subjects varied from 0.91 and 0.98, which is indicative of the stability and reproducibility of the measures. In the BESTest, the person (4.19) and item (5.36) separation index established six balance ability levels and seven levels of difficulty, respectively. In the MiniBESTest, the person (3.16) and item (6.41) separation index established four balance ability levels and nine levels of difficulty, respectively. Two items in the BESTest did not fit with the model expectations, but the construct validity was not compromised. No item in the MiniBESTest was erratic. CONCLUSIONS: The results corroborate the diagnostic and screening functions of the BESTest and MiniBESTest, respectively, and indicate that the Brazilian versions exhibit adequate reliability, construct validity, response stability, and capacity to distinguish among various balance ability levels in older adults and individuals with PD.

Cross-cultural adaptation and analysis of the psychometric properties of the Balance Evaluation Systems Test and MiniBESTest in the elderly and individuals with Parkinson's disease: application of the Rasch model / Adaptação transcultural e análise das propriedades psicométricas do Balance Evaluation Systems Test e do MiniBESTest em idosos e indivíduos com doença de Parkinson: aplicação do modelo Rasch

BACKGROUND: Older adults and individuals with neurological problems such as Parkinson's disease (PD) exhibit balance deficits that might impair their mobility and independence. The assessment of balance must be useful in identifying the presence of instability and orient interventions. OBJECTIVE: To translate and perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) and MiniBESTest to Brazilian Portuguese and analyze its psychometric properties. METHOD: The tests were translated and adapted to Portuguese according to a standard method and then subjected to a test-retest reliability assessment (10 older adults; 10 individuals with PD). The psychometric properties were assessed by the Rasch model (35 older adults; 35 individuals with PD). RESULTS: The reliability coefficient of the tests relative to the items and subjects varied from 0.91 and 0.98, which is indicative of the stability and reproducibility of the measures. In the BESTest, the person (4.19) and item (5.36) separation index established six balance ability levels and seven levels of difficulty, respectively. In the MiniBESTest, the person (3.16) and item (6.41) separation index established four balance ability levels and nine levels of difficulty, respectively. Two items in the BESTest did not fit with the model expectations, but the construct validity was not compromised. No item in the MiniBESTest was erratic. CONCLUSIONS: The results corroborate the diagnostic and screening functions of the BESTest and MiniBESTest, respectively, and indicate that the Brazilian versions exhibit adequate reliability, construct validity, response stability, and capacity to distinguish among various balance ability levels in older adults and individuals with PD. .

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: Idosos e indivíduos com problemas neurológicos, como a doença de Parkinson (DP), apresentam déficits de equilíbrio que podem comprometer a mobilidade e independência. A avaliação do equilíbrio deve identificar a instabilidade e direcionar a intervenção. OBJETIVOS: Traduzir e adaptar transculturalmente o Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) e o MiniBESTest para o português-Brasil e analisar suas propriedades psicométricas. MÉTODO: Os testes foram traduzidos e adaptados para o português seguindo instruções padronizadas e foram submetidos à análise de confiabilidade teste-reteste (dez idosos; dez indivíduos com DP). As propriedades psicométricas foram avaliadas pela análise Rasch (35 idosos; 35 indivíduos com DP). RESULTADOS: Os coeficientes de confiabilidade dos testes para itens e indivíduos variaram de 0,91 a 0,98, indicando estabilidade e possibilidade de reprodução das medidas em aplicações subsequentes. No BESTest, os índices de separação dos indivíduos (4,19) e dos itens (5,36) determinaram, respectivamente, seis níveis de habilidade de equilíbrio e sete níveis de dificuldade. No MiniBESTest, os índices dividiram os indivíduos (3,16) em quatro níveis de habilidade e os itens (6,41) em nove níveis de dificuldade. Dois itens do BESTest não se adequaram às expectativas do modelo, o que não comprometeu sua validade de constructo. No MiniBESTest não houve item errático. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados dão suporte à função de diagnóstico e triagem para o BESTest e MiniBESTest, respectivamente, e sugerem que as versões brasileiras apresentam adequada confiabilidade, ...

Criterion validity of the Motor Coordination and Dexterity Assessment: MCDA for 7- and 8-years old children.

BACKGROUND: Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is characterized by impaired development of motor coordination, with impact on daily life activities and academic performance. The Motor Coordination and Dexterity Assessment (MCDA) was created to offer Brazilian rehabilitation professionals a valid and reliable instrument for detecting DCD. OBJECTIVE: To examine the MCDA criterion validity. METHODS: One hundred and eighty one children aged 7 and 8 years from the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, pre-selected using the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ-Brazil), were evaluated with the MCDA and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-II). Concurrent validity was assessed using Spearman correlation index and the predictive validity was calculated using sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. ROC curves were constructed to determine the optimal cutoff point of MCDA. RESULTS: Spearman correlation between the total scores of MCDA and MABC-II at 7 and 8 years were 0.596 (p=0.000) and 0.730 (p=0.000), respectively. The cutoff points defined by the ROC curves approached the 40th percentile, corresponding to a sensitivity of 0.91 and 0.74 and specificity of 0.74 and 0.90 for children 7 and 8 years old, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results indicate moderate values of concurrent and predictive validity of the MCDA. Future studies should reexamine the cutoff points of the MCDA in other random samples, representative of Brazilian children 4 to 8 years of age. The predictive validity of the full instrument for DCD should be re-examined in well defined clinical samples.

Análise da validade de critério da Avaliação da Coordenação e Destreza Motora: ACOORDEM para crianças de 7 e 8 anos de idade / Criterion validity of the Motor Coordination and Dexterity Assessment: MCDA for 7- and 8-years old children

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: O Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação (TDC) se caracteriza por prejuízo no desenvolvimento da coordenação motora, com impacto nas atividades de vida diária e desempenho acadêmico. A Avaliação da Coordenação e Destreza Motora (ACOORDEM) vem sendo criada para oferecer aos profissionais de reabilitação brasileiros instrumentação confiável e válida para detecção do TDC. OBJETIVO: Examinar a validade de critério da ACOORDEM. MÉTODOS: Cento e oitenta e uma crianças de 7 e 8 anos da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, pré-selecionadas pelo Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ-Brasil), foram avaliadas com a ACOORDEM e com o Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-II). A validade concorrente foi avaliada pelo índice de Correlação de Spearman e a validade preditiva, pelos valores de sensibilidade (S), especificidade (E), valor de predição positivo (VPP) e valor de predição negativo (VPN). Curvas ROC foram realizadas para determinar o ponto de corte ótimo da ACOORDEM. RESULTADOS: A Correlação de Spearman entre os escores totais da ACOORDEM e do MABC-II foi de 0,596 (p=0,000) aos 7 e 0,730 (p=0,000) aos 8 anos. O ponto de corte da ACOORDEM definido pelas curvas ROC se aproximou do percentil 40, o que corresponde a S de 0,91 e 0,74 e E de 0,74 e 0,90 aos 7 e 8 anos, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Resultados apontam valores moderados de validade concorrente e preditiva da ACOORDEM. Estudos futuros devem reexaminar os pontos de corte da ACOORDEM em amostra aleatória, representativa de crianças brasileiras de 4 a 8 anos de idade. A validade preditiva para TDC do instrumento completo deve ser reexaminada em amostras clínicas bem definidas.

BACKGROUND: Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is characterized by impaired development of motor coordination, with impact on daily life activities and academic performance. The Motor Coordination and Dexterity Assessment (MCDA) was created to offer Brazilian rehabilitation professionals a valid and reliable instrument for detecting DCD. OBJECTIVE: To examine the MCDA criterion validity. METHODS: One hundred and eighty one children aged 7 and 8 years from the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, pre-selected using the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ-Brazil), were evaluated with the MCDA and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-II). Concurrent validity was assessed using Spearman correlation index and the predictive validity was calculated using sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. ROC curves were constructed to determine the optimal cutoff point of MCDA. RESULTS: Spearman correlation between the total scores of MCDA and MABC-II at 7 and 8 years were 0.596 (p=0.000) and 0.730 (p=0.000), respectively. The cutoff points defined by the ROC curves approached the 40th percentile, corresponding to a sensitivity of 0.91 and 0.74 and specificity of 0.74 and 0.90 for children 7 and 8 years old, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results indicate moderate values of concurrent and predictive validity of the MCDA. Future studies should reexamine the cutoff points of the MCDA in other random samples, representative of Brazilian children 4 to 8 years of age. The predictive validity of the full instrument for DCD should be re-examined in well defined clinical samples.

Relationship between very low birth weight, environmental factors, and motor and cognitive development of children of 5 and 6 years old.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships between birth weight, preterm birth, environmental factors and the motor and cognitive development of 5 to 6 year-old children. METHODS: A case control study in which the motor and cognitive performance, as well as the home environment of children aged 5-6 years, born pre-term and weighing <1.500 grams, were compared to peers born full-term and with normal weight. The following testes were used: Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC), the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ), the vocabulary and cube tests of the Weschsler Intelligence Test for Children-III (WISC), the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham IV Scale (SNAP IV) and the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME). RESULTS: 50.54% of the very low birth weight (VLBW) children died and 15.2% of them demonstrated severe impairments. The scores (±SD) of the VLBW and normal birth weight (NBW) groups were: HOME 33.83±7.81(VLBW), 39.61±8.75(NBW); MABC 8.17±7,10(VLBW), 3.06±3.80(NBW); DCDQ 54.0±11.3(VLBW), 63.0±7.5(NBW); WISC Cubes 8.35±2.15(VLBW), 10.57±2.25(NBW); WISC Vocabulary 9.61±2.62(VLBW), 13.48±2.45(NBW); SNAP IV 4.04±4.95(VLBW), 1.57±3.27(NBW). Significant differences between the groups were found, with higher scores on all measures for the NBW group. The results of the motor and cognitive tests demonstrated correlations with birth weight (p<0.01) and HOME scores (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings reaffirmed the evidences that children born pre-term and with VLBW were more vulnerable to have motor and cognitive impairments, compared to those born full-term. Environmental factors appeared to interfere with development of these children.

Relationship between very low birth weight, environmental factors, and motor and cognitive development of children of 5 and 6 years old / Relação entre muito baixo peso ao nascimento, fatores ambientais e o desenvolvimento motor e o cognitivo de crianças aos 5 e 6 anos

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships between birth weight, preterm birth, environmental factors and the motor and cognitive development of 5 to 6 year-old children. METHODS: A case control study in which the motor and cognitive performance, as well as the home environment of children aged 5-6 years, born pre-term and weighing <1.500 grams, were compared to peers born full-term and with normal weight. The following testes were used: Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC), the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ), the vocabulary and cube tests of the Weschsler Intelligence Test for Children-III (WISC), the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham IV Scale (SNAP IV) and the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME). RESULTS: 50.54 percent of the very low birth weight (VLBW) children died and 15.2 percent of them demonstrated severe impairments. The scores (±SD) of the VLBW and normal birth weight (NBW) groups were: HOME 33.83±7.81(VLBW), 39.61±8.75(NBW); MABC 8.17±7,10(VLBW), 3.06±3.80(NBW); DCDQ 54.0±11.3(VLBW), 63.0±7.5(NBW); WISC Cubes 8.35±2.15(VLBW), 10.57±2.25(NBW); WISC Vocabulary 9.61±2.62(VLBW), 13.48±2.45(NBW); SNAP IV 4.04±4.95(VLBW), 1.57±3.27(NBW). Significant differences between the groups were found, with higher scores on all measures for the NBW group. The results of the motor and cognitive tests demonstrated correlations with birth weight (p<0.01) and HOME scores (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The findings reaffirmed the evidences that children born pre-term and with VLBW were more vulnerable to have motor and cognitive impairments, compared to those born full-term. Environmental factors appeared to interfere with development of these children.

OBJETIVO: Examinar as relações entre baixo peso ao nascimento, prematuridade, fatores ambientais e os desenvolvimentos motor e cognitivo de crianças aos 5 e 6 anos de idade. MÉTODOS: Estudo caso-controle no qual os desempenhos motor e cognitivo e o ambiente domiciliar de crianças com idade de 5-6 anos, nascidas pré-termo e com peso < 1.500 gramas, foram comparados com os de pares nascidos a termo e com peso adequado (PA). Foram utilizados os testes Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC), Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ), as provas de vocabulário e de cubos do Weschsler Intelligence Test for Children-III (WISC), o Swanson, Nolan and Pelham IV Scale (SNAP IV) e o Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME). RESULTADOS: 50,54 por cento das crianças nascidas com muito baixo peso (MBP) foram a óbito, e 15,2 por cento deste grupo desenvolveram sequelas severas. Os escores para os grupos de MBP e de PA foram: HOME 33,83±7,81(MBP), 39,61±8,75(PA); MABC 8,17±7,10(MBP), 3,06±3,80(PA); DCDQ 54,0±11,3(MBP), 63,0±7,5(PA); WISC Cubos 8,35±2,15(MBP), 10,57±2,25(PA); WISC Vocabulário 9,61±2,62(MBP), 13,48±2,45(PA); SNAP IV 4,04±4,95(MBP), 1,57±3,27(PA). Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos, com melhor desempenho em todos os testes no grupo de PA. Os resultados dos testes motores e cognitivos tiveram correlação com o peso ao nascer (p<0,01) e com o HOME (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados reforçaram as evidências de que crianças nascidas prematuras e de MBP são mais propensas a apresentar dificuldades motoras e cognitivas que seus pares nascidos a termo e de PA. Fatores ambientais parecem interferir no desenvolvimento dessas crianças.