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Objective: To identify the 2022 recommendations made by ministries of health in the 13 countries and areas of South America for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and cervical cancer screening. Methods: A systematic review of scientific literature and official documents was conducted between July 7 and October 17, 2022. The review included an initial search on official websites (e.g. ministries of health, national cancer institutes and health departments) of South American countries to identify current guidelines or recommendations for HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening. Results: Recommendations for HPV vaccination were found for 11 countries, with the exceptions of French Guiana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Recommendations were found for cervical cancer screening in official documents from 11 countries, with the exceptions of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, where one article was found that was not an official recommendation, and Suriname, for which no documents were found on websites or in other publications. A total of 12 countries use cytology to screen for cervical cancer. Four countries (Bolivia [Plurinational State of], Colombia, Guyana and Peru) use visual inspection with acetic acid and the screen-and-treat strategy. Six countries (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay and Peru) are transitioning from cytology to HPV testing. Conclusions: No documents were found about a national HPV vaccination program in French Guiana and Venezuela, and no official guidelines for cervical cancer screening were found for Suriname and Venezuela; thus, it will be difficult to eliminate this public health problem in these countries. Countries in South America must update their guidelines for HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening as new evidence emerges. Official websites with information about HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening are important sources that can be accessed by health professionals and the population.
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ABSTRACT Objective. To identify the 2022 recommendations made by ministries of health in the 13 countries and areas of South America for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and cervical cancer screening. Methods. A systematic review of scientific literature and official documents was conducted between July 7 and October 17, 2022. The review included an initial search on official websites (e.g. ministries of health, national cancer institutes and health departments) of South American countries to identify current guidelines or recommendations for HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening. Results. Recommendations for HPV vaccination were found for 11 countries, with the exceptions of French Guiana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Recommendations were found for cervical cancer screening in official documents from 11 countries, with the exceptions of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, where one article was found that was not an official recommendation, and Suriname, for which no documents were found on websites or in other publications. A total of 12 countries use cytology to screen for cervical cancer. Four countries (Bolivia [Plurinational State of], Colombia, Guyana and Peru) use visual inspection with acetic acid and the screen-and-treat strategy. Six countries (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay and Peru) are transitioning from cytology to HPV testing. Conclusions. No documents were found about a national HPV vaccination program in French Guiana and Venezuela, and no official guidelines for cervical cancer screening were found for Suriname and Venezuela; thus, it will be difficult to eliminate this public health problem in these countries. Countries in South America must update their guidelines for HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening as new evidence emerges. Official websites with information about HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening are important sources that can be accessed by health professionals and the population.
RESUMEN Objetivo. Determinar las recomendaciones formuladas en el 2022 por los ministerios de salud de los 13 países y zonas de América del Sur en materia de vacunación contra el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) y detección del cáncer cervicouterino. Métodos. Entre el 7 de julio y el 17 de octubre del 2022 se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de publicaciones científicas y documentos oficiales. La revisión comprendió una búsqueda inicial en los sitios web oficiales (por ejemplo, de los ministerios de salud, los institutos nacionales del cáncer y los departamentos de salud) de los países de América del Sur, para determinar las directrices o recomendaciones actuales relativas a la vacunación contra el VPH y la detección del cáncer cervicouterino. Resultados. Se encontraron recomendaciones sobre la vacunación contra el VPH en 11 países, excepto Guayana Francesa y República Bolivariana de Venezuela. Se encontraron recomendaciones sobre la detección del cáncer cervicouterino en documentos oficiales de 11 países, excepto República Bolivariana de Venezuela, donde se encontró un artículo que no era una recomendación oficial, y Suriname, para el cual no se encontraron documentos ni en sitios web ni en otras publicaciones. En 12 países se utiliza la citología como método para la detección del cáncer cervicouterino. En cuatro países (Bolivia [Estado Plurinacional de], Colombia, Guyana y Perú) se utiliza la inspección visual tras la aplicación de ácido acético y la estrategia de detección y tratamiento. En seis países (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay y Perú) se está llevando a cabo un proceso de transición, de la citología a la realización de pruebas de detección del VPH. Conclusiones. No se encontraron documentos sobre un programa nacional de vacunación contra el VPH en Guayana Francesa y República Bolivariana de Venezuela, y tampoco se encontraron directrices oficiales para la detección del cáncer cervicouterino en Suriname y Venezuela. En consecuencia, la eliminación de este problema de salud pública en dichos países será una tarea difícil. Los países de América del Sur deben actualizar sus directrices sobre la vacunación contra el VPH y el tamizaje del cáncer cervicouterino a medida que surja nueva evidencia al respecto. Los sitios web oficiales con información sobre la vacunación contra el VPH y la detección del cáncer cervicouterino son fuentes importantes de información que pueden consultar los profesionales de la salud y la población.
RESUMO Objetivo. Identificar as recomendações para 2022 dos ministérios da saúde de 13 países e áreas da América do Sul referentes à vacinação contra o papilomavírus humano (HPV) e o rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero. Métodos. Uma revisão sistemática da literatura científica e de documentos oficiais foi realizada entre 7 de julho e 17 de outubro de 2022. A revisão incluiu uma pesquisa inicial em sites oficiais (por exemplo, de ministérios da saúde, institutos nacionais de câncer e departamentos de saúde) de países sul-americanos para identificar diretrizes ou recomendações atuais para a vacinação contra o HPV e o rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero. Resultados. Foram encontradas recomendações de vacinação contra o HPV em 11 países; as exceções foram a Guiana Francesa e a República Bolivariana da Venezuela. Foram encontradas recomendações de rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero em documentos oficiais de 11 países, com exceção da República Bolivariana da Venezuela, onde foi encontrado um artigo que não era uma recomendação oficial, e do Suriname, para o qual não foram encontrados documentos em sites nem em outras publicações. No total, 12 países usam citologia para rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero. Quatro países (Bolívia [Estado Plurinacional da], Colômbia, Guiana e Peru) usam inspeção visual com ácido acético e a estratégia de "Ver e Tratar". Seis países (Argentina, Chile, Colômbia, Equador, Paraguai e Peru) estão fazendo a transição da citologia para a testagem de HPV. Conclusões. Não foram encontrados documentos sobre nenhum programa nacional de vacinação contra o HPV na Guiana Francesa e na Venezuela, e não foram encontradas diretrizes oficiais de rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero no Suriname e na Venezuela; portanto, será difícil eliminar esse problema de saúde pública nesses países. Os países da América do Sul precisam atualizar suas diretrizes de vacinação contra o HPV e de rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero à medida que surjam novas evidências. Os sites oficiais com informações sobre a vacinação contra o HPV e o rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero são fontes importantes que podem ser acessadas pelos profissionais de saúde e pela população.
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AIMS: The aim of this study is to verify the clinical validity of clinical indicators and aetiological factors of sedentary lifestyle in individuals with arterial hypertension. BACKGROUND: Diagnostic validation is performed to expand nursing taxonomies and to revise or confirm the described concepts. New elements listed in the literature and those identified by the NANDA International definition for sedentary lifestyle need to be evaluated. DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional and diagnostic validation study. The STROBE guidelines were used in this study. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty subjects aged over 18 years were evaluated. The diagnostic status of the participants was obtained by latent class analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify aetiological factors with the manifestation of sedentary lifestyle, considering a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: A total of 57.8% of the study participants met the diagnostic criteria for sedentary lifestyle. The clinical indicators with high sensitivity were as follows: "Average daily physical activity is less than recommended for gender and age"; "Does not perform physical activity during leisure time"; "Preference for activity low in physical activity" and "Overweight." The significantly related factors associated with the diagnosis of sedentary lifestyle were as follows: "Insufficient knowledge on physical activity," "Lack of time," "Negative self-perception of health," "Lack of security," "Lack of appropriate place," "Lack of motivation," "Activity intolerance," "Lack of sports ability," "Having a partner," "Using public transportation," "Perception of physical disability," "Pain," "Having a job/studying," "Laziness," "Impaired mobility," "Living in an urban area," "Education in a public institution," "Female gender," "Lack of confidence to practice physical exercise," "Education level," "Age" and "Lack of social support for the practice of physical exercise." CONCLUSION: Four out of eight clinical indicators had a good adjustment by the latent class analysis. Of the 27 aetiological factors, 22 were significantly associated with sedentary lifestyle. RELEVANCE TO PRACTICE: The correct identification of sedentary lifestyle and its elements supports care planning, especially for health promotion and disease prevention.