Patient Safety Culture, Infection Prevention, and Patient Safety in the Operating Room: Health Workers' Perspective.

Introduction: A hospital's patient safety culture affects surgical outcomes. Operating room safety culture has been overlooked despite the importance of patient safety. The AHRQ's Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) has been used worldwide to assess and enhance patient safety culture. This study examined how patient safety culture and infection prevention effect patient safety in the Operating Room (OR). Methods: This observational study used an online survey and included 143 OR workers. Descriptive statistics and multilinear regression were used to examine how patient safety culture and infection prevention affects level of patient safety. Results: Most responders worked in excellent-accredited general hospitals. Most responders were male, aged between 26 to 40 years old, and had bachelor's degrees. Most were hospital-experienced nurses. Less than half had worked in units for over ten years. Organizational Learning - Continuous Improvement; Teamwork and Handoffs; and Information Exchange had the most positive responses in the OR. However, Staffing, Work Pace, and Patient Safety ranked lowest. Organizational Learning - Continuous Improvement and Hospital Management Support for Infection Prevention Efforts were found to affect OR patient safety level perceptions. Conclusion: According to the findings of our study, the overall patient safety culture in the operating room remains weak which highlights the importance of continuing efforts to improve patient safety in the OR. Further study could be directed to identify organizational learning in infection prevention to enhance the patient safety in the OR.

Development of a Hospital-Stakeholder Collaboration Tool Using Mixed Methods to Assess Stakeholder Perspectives for Hospital Service Improvement.

Background: The purpose of this study was to develop the Hospital-Stakeholder Collaboration (HSC) Tool and Hospital Performance Factor (HPF) Tool to explore stakeholder perception and value for hospital service improvement. Methods: This exploratory mixed-method study involved three steps: initial tool development (Step 1), validity testing (Step 2), and module development (Step 3). In Step 1, qualitative data collection through literature reviews, focus group discussions, and interviews with hospital management experts led to the creation of the preliminary tools. Step 2 involved qualitative analysis by α 5-member expert panel, followed by quantitative analysis with 36 respondents for validity (Pearson correlation, α = 0.05) and reliability (Cronbach's Alpha, α = 0.6) tests. Step 3 encompassed the final module development. Results: The HSC tool contains 6 domains and the HPF tool contains 4 perspectives. The 6 HSC domains were: 1) stakeholder identification, 2) interactive dialogue, 3) commitment, 4) planning, 5) implementation, 6) change in action and behavior. The 4 HPF perspectives were: 1) stakeholder perspective, 2) financial perspective, 3) internal business process, and 4) staff and organizational capacity. The values of the HSC tool validity and reliability tests were around 0,0046 and around 0,995, respectively. Additionally, the values of the HPF tool validity and reliability tests were around 0,0062 and around 0,995, respectively. Conclusion: This study offers a practical tool for needs assessment for the improvement of service by analyzing direct feedback from hospital stakeholders and measuring hospital performance factors.

Structural Model of Family Caregiver for Elderly with Dementia.

Background: The number of older people with dementia was continuously increasing globally. Unfortunately, many of them had received inappropriate medical treatment to overcome the dementia they suffered. This current research aimed to analyze the factors that affected family-based caregiver empowerment. Materials and Methods: An analytic observational method with a cross-sectional approach was applied. The population was all families with dementia elderly in East Java, Indonesia, in 2021, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample size was determined to be 100 respondents. Results: The results showed that the factors (i.e., elderly factors, family factors, health service factors, family's filial value, family assessment, and the need for care) had significant effects directly or indirectly on the family's ability to do home care. Conclusions: Factors that influenced directly (i.e., elderly factors, family factors, family assessment, and care needs) and indirectly (i.e., health service factors) were essential in constructing a structural model of family care for the elderly with dementia.

Factors affecting hardiness in cancer patients: A case study of the Indonesian Cancer Foundation.

Background: Cancer patients are usually filled with fear and anxiety but hardiness is a personal characteristic that makes them stronger, resistant, and optimistic in dealing with the pressures related to the disease. There are, however, several factors influencing hardiness and those include social support, parenting, and selfconfidence. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify these factors in cancer patients at the Indonesian Cancer Foundation in Surabaya. Design and Methods: The study made use of observational design with a population of 70 and a total sample of 64 cancer patients were selected as respondents using simple random sampling. The research instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire and results were analyzed using Spearman statistical test. Results: The results showed social support was 0.009, parenting patterns was 0.035, and confidence was 0.647. Therefore, H1 was accepted and this means there was a relationship between support and hardiness, as well as parenting patterns and hardiness. Moreover, H0 was also accepted and this indicates self-confidence did not have any influence on hardiness. Conclusions: In conclusion, providing adequate support and good parenting have the ability to increase hardiness.

The incidence of stunting, the frequency/duration of diarrhea and Acute Respiratory Infection in toddlers.

Background: Infectious diseases such as diarrhea and Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) lead to loss of appetite in children and stunting growth. This study analyzes the relationship between the incidence of stunting and the frequency/duration of diarrhea and ARI in children under five years. Design and Methods: The stratified random sampling method was used to obtain data from 152 children in 4 villages in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Results: The results showed that children under the age of five, experience higher stunting duration and longer frequency of diarrhea. The Rho Spearmen Test showed differences in the incidence of stunting with the frequency of diarrhea P = 0.005 (P<α = 0.05), P = 0.003 (P<α = 0.05), with ARI of P =0.001 (P<α = 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, stunting is related to the frequency and duration of diarrheal diseases and ARI, therefore, community- integrated health center need to carryout counseling activities on children less than five years to determine their health status.

Relationship between caring nurses and elderly loneliness.

Background: Elderly people tend to experience biological, psychological, social, and spiritual changes due to the aging process. Changes in their psychology lead to a feeling of loneliness and depression, which have a negative impact on their physical health and overall well-being. Nurses as care providers, need to ensure they are always beside the elderly to prevent them from being lonely. This study, therefore, aims to determine the relationship between caring nurses and the level of loneliness of elderly. Design and Methods: This is an observational analytic design study with a cross sectional approach. Simple random sampling was used to obtain data from a total of 113 elderly people in home care. Furthermore, the CBI 24 Items and UCLA Loneliness Version 3, were used for data collection, while Spearmen's Rho Test with a level of ρ <α = 0.05 was used for its analysis. Results: The results showed that caring nurses tend to prevent the emergence of loneliness in the elderly with a Spearmen's Rho test P at 0.00015 (P≤0.05) and correlation coefficient r of -0.686. Conclusions: In conclusion, there is a relationship between caring nurses and the level of loneliness in the elderly.

The Effects of Socio-demographic Characteristics on Indonesian Women's Knowledge of HIV/AIDS: A Cross-sectional Study.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to characterize Indonesian women's knowledge of HIV/AIDS and to investigate the effects of socio-demographic characteristics thereupon with the goal of supporting the prevention and early detection of HIV/AIDS. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the standard Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) in 2012. A total of 34 984 subjects ranged in age from 15 years to 49 years. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression to identify the effects of socio-demographic characteristics on Indonesian women's knowledge of HIV/AIDS. RESULTS: All socio-demographic characteristics except marital status were related to knowledge of HIV/AIDS among Indonesian women in the univariate analysis (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that only age group, education level, location of residence, and wealth index were related to Indonesian women's knowledge of HIV/AIDS (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Indonesian women's insufficient knowledge related to HIV/AIDS shows that the provision of accurate and comprehensive information related to HIV/AIDS are components of prevention and control interventions that should be improved. With greater knowledge, women are expected to be more likely to determine their own and their partners' human immunodeficiency virus status and to take appropriate preventive steps.