[Morphological features of oesophagogastric junction mucosa in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease].

In present work we studied the morphological features of the esophageal mucosa in 63 children with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The biopsies were taken at level of 3 cm above a Z-line and at level of 0.5-1 cm above a Z-line. The results of our study showed that the mucosa of the esophago-gastric junction may contain areas covered with columnar epithelium of 44.4% of children in the biopsies from the level of 0.5-1.0 cm above the Z-line. Inflammatory changes in the mucosa of the esophago-gastric junction identified in 71.4% of cases. The inflammation in the majority of cases (82.1%) was observed in the presence of H. pylori infection (p < 0.001). In addition, H. pylori in our study, we noted the relationship detection carditis in overweight child. When compared with the height-weight parameters, the excess body weight was observed in 17 of 28 patients. We couldn't found increasing detection of the cardia in patients with erosive GERD compared with non-erosive variants.

[Clinical and anatomical features of the middle ear in the premature infants at different gestational time].

The objective of the present study was to analyse anatomical features of the middle ear in the premature infants of different gestational age. Materials from 100 still-born and live-born babies (200 temporal bones) were available for the investigation. The study has revealed a number of distinctive clinical and morphological peculiarities in the structure of tympanic membranes in both the prematurely born infants depending on the gestational age and in the full-term babies. The fluid from the tympanic cavity was found to contain human beta-chorionic gonadotropin.

[Morphological features of the esophagogastric transition zone at fetuses and newborns].

Morphological research of the esophagogastric transition mucosa at 35 fetuses and newborns was done. The esophagogastric transition was lined by high columnar epithelium and mucos glands. At fetuses of 22-24 week gestational age studied zone didn't have any glands. Histochemical features of the epithelium, particularly MUC5AC positive staining, corresponded to cardial type of the Barrett esophagus, defined at adults. We have revealed that mucosa of the esophagogastric transition has gastric origin and arises before birth. We found out the islets of columnar epithelium on the surface of the laminated pavement epithelium, indicated about its uneven development up to the birth. The sites of immature epithelium could be considered as transformation zones both of laminated pavement epithelium or columnar one.

[Morphological changes in esophageal mucosa in children with overweight].

In present work we studied the morphological features of the esophageal mucosa in 63 children with endoscopic diagnosis of the distal esophagitis having overweight and normal weight of a body. The biopsies were taken at level of 3 cm above a Z-line and at level of 1 cm above a Z-line. Dystrophic and dysregenerative changes were revealed at the majority of children and half of children had inflammatory changes of the esophageal mucosa regardless of weight of a body. These changes are more pronounced at level of 1 cm above a Z-line, their occurrence decreases with a distance from low esophageal sphincter. We used the pathology score system for assess the esophageal biopsies. According our scale we obtained following results: at level of 1 cm above Z-lines at 95% of children had the normal, minimum or mild features of esophagitis regardless of weight of a body. Morphological evidence of a reflux esophagitis was diagnosed statistically more often at level of 1 cm above Z lines in comparison with level of 3 cm above Z-lines (p < 0.01) as among children with overweight of the body (78 and 43% accordingly), and among children with normal weight of the body (78 and 35% accordingly). The obtained data will be allowed to avoid hyperdiagnostics of esophageal lesions in children.

[A method for assessing bacterial microflora by fluorescence in situ hybridization].

The use of current diagnostic methods in a pathologist's practice, including the assessment of the bacterial microflora by the molecular microbiological technique fluorescence in situ hybridization is important and promising. The detection of bacteria and changes in the microbial flora makes it possible to clarify the nature of found morphological changes and to expand the diagnostic value of a postmortem study.