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1.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 134(Pt 2): 474-477, 2016 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27502183

RESUMO

Water is an important component to human life. The major aims of the present work are to assess the quality of the ground water and its impact in Villupuram District of Tamilnadu. The present study focus to bring an awareness among the people about the quality of ground water by taking water samples from various locations for Physico - Chemical analysis of the ground water. This analysis result was compared with the WHO, ICMR, USPH and European standards of drinking water quality parameters with the following water quality parameters namely pH, Electrical conductivity, Cl, , Na, K, Ca , Mg, Total dissolved solids, Total hardness, Dissolved oxygen, Fluoride etc. Various chemical methods have been employed to investigate the extent level of pollution in ground water.


Assuntos
Água Subterrânea/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Qualidade da Água , Abastecimento de Água/normas , Água/análise , Água Potável/análise , Condutividade Elétrica , Fluoretos/análise , Humanos
3.
Cytopathology ; 25(3): 190-8, 2014 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24329613

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To identify the most useful cytomorphological features of follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC). METHODS: Fine needle aspiration cytological features of seven histologically proven FVPTCs were systematically evaluated in a blinded manner for various architectural, nuclear, cytoplasmic and background features with special reference to nuclear morphology. RESULTS: Most smears were moderate to highly cellular with clustered and/or repetitive microfollicles, rare macrofollicles and minimal thick gummy colloid. Six of seven cases showed significant nuclear crowding/overlapping. Fairly uniform nucleomegaly (mostly three to five times the size of a mature lymphocyte) of intact neoplastic cells and enlarged naked nuclei were prominent features in all seven cases, whereas enlarged ovoid nuclei were seen in two cases. Chromatin was fine to coarsely granular and evenly distributed. Occasional nuclear grooves (NGs) and intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions (INCIs) were seen in five and three cases, respectively. This refined approach led to a precise diagnosis of FVPTC in six cases, which were earlier interpreted as various follicular lesions. Follicular hyperplasia was excluded by the absence of significant amounts of colloid and atretic naked nuclei, whilst the possibility of follicular adenoma or follicular carcinoma was excluded by the presence of one or more features suggestive of papillary thyroid carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed a high cell yield, microfollicular pattern, nuclear overcrowding/overlapping, scanty gummy colloid and enlarged naked nuclei as the most consistent features of FVPTC. Although inconsistent, features such as enlarged ovoid nuclei and syncytial clusters were complementary to the diagnosis in the absence of NGs and INCIs.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma Folicular/diagnóstico , Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Carcinoma Papilar, Variante Folicular/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Adenocarcinoma Folicular/patologia , Carcinoma Papilar, Variante Folicular/patologia , Cromatina/química , Citodiagnóstico , Humanos , Glândula Tireoide/patologia
4.
Crit Rev Biotechnol ; 29(2): 131-51, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19412828

RESUMO

Water is vital for plant growth, development and productivity. Permanent or temporary water deficit stress limits the growth and distribution of natural and artificial vegetation and the performance of cultivated plants (crops) more than any other environmental factor. Productive and sustainable agriculture necessitates growing plants (crops) in arid and semiarid regions with less input of precious resources such as fresh water. For a better understanding and rapid improvement of soil-water stress tolerance in these regions, especially in the water-wind eroded crossing region, it is very important to link physiological and biochemical studies to molecular work in genetically tractable model plants and important native plants, and further extending them to practical ecological restoration and efficient crop production. Although basic studies and practices aimed at improving soil water stress resistance and plant water use efficiency have been carried out for many years, the mechanisms involved at different scales are still not clear. Further understanding and manipulating soil-plant water relationships and soil-water stress tolerance at the scales of ecology, physiology and molecular biology can significantly improve plant productivity and environmental quality. Currently, post-genomics and metabolomics are very important in exploring anti-drought gene resources in various life forms, but modern agriculturally sustainable development must be combined with plant physiological measures in the field, on the basis of which post-genomics and metabolomics have further practical prospects. In this review, we discuss physiological and molecular insights and effects in basic plant metabolism, drought tolerance strategies under drought conditions in higher plants for sustainable agriculture and ecoenvironments in arid and semiarid areas of the world. We conclude that biological measures are the bases for the solutions to the issues relating to the different types of sustainable development.


Assuntos
Agricultura , Secas , Fenômenos Fisiológicos Vegetais , Plantas/metabolismo , Biotecnologia , Plantas/enzimologia , Estresse Fisiológico , Água
5.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces ; 62(2): 312-8, 2008 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18068339

RESUMO

The variations in antioxidant potentials and indole alkaloid content were studied in the present investigation, in two varieties (rosea and alba) of Catharanthus roseus, an important herb used in traditional as well as modern medicine, exposed to water deficit stress. The antioxidant and alkaloid profiles were estimated from root, stem, leaf, flowers and pods. The antioxidant potentials were examined in terms of non-enzymatic antioxidant molecules and activities of antioxidant enzymes. The non-enzymatic antioxidant molecules studied were ascorbic acid (AA), alpha-tocopherol (alpha-toc) and reduced glutathione (GSH). The estimated antioxidant enzymes were superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). The antioxidant concentrations and activities of antioxidant enzymes were high under water deficit stress in all parts of the plants. Indole alkaloid content was high in the roots of rosea variety in response to stress when compared to alba variety.


Assuntos
Alcaloides/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Catharanthus/metabolismo , Desastres , Indóis/metabolismo , Água/fisiologia , Ascorbato Peroxidases , Ácido Ascórbico/metabolismo , Catalase/metabolismo , Catecol Oxidase/metabolismo , Catharanthus/efeitos dos fármacos , Catharanthus/enzimologia , Glutationa/metabolismo , Peroxidases/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Vitamina E/metabolismo
6.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces ; 62(1): 125-9, 2008 Mar 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17988840

RESUMO

In the present investigation, five varieties of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.) were screened for their water use efficiency under two water regimes, viz., 60% and 100% filed capacity. Drought stress was imposed at 60% field capacity from 30 to 70 days after sowing, while the control pots were maintained at 100% field capacity throughout the period of entire growth. Biomass and yield, leaf area duration, cumulative water transpired water use efficiency, net assimilation rate, mean transpiration rate and harvest index under water deficit level were measured. Water use efficiency significantly increases in all the okra varieties under water-limited environment. Drought stress decreased the biomass and yield, leaf area duration, cumulative water transpired, net assimilation rate, mean transpiration rate and harvest index in the okra varieties studied. But among the varieties, variety JK Haritha showed better results. None of the varieties studied had showed increased drought tolerance than the control.


Assuntos
Abelmoschus/metabolismo , Água/metabolismo , Desastres
7.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces ; 62(2): 307-11, 2008 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18065211

RESUMO

The effect of different triazole compounds, viz., triadimefon (TDM) and hexaconazole (HEX) treatments on the antioxidant metabolism of Solenostemon rotundifolius Poir., Morton plants was investigated in the present study under pot culture. Plants were treated with TDM at 15 mg l(-1) and HEX at 10 mg l(-1) separately by soil drenching on 80, 110 and 140 days after planting (DAP). The plants were harvested randomly on 90, 120 and 150 DAP for determining the effect of both the triazoles on non-enzymatic antioxidant contents like ascorbic acid (AA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and alpha-tocopherol (alpha-toc), activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). All the analyses were made in leaf, stem and tubers of both control and treated plants. It was found that both these triazole compounds have profound effects on the antioxidant metabolism and caused an enhancement in both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant potentials under treatments. These results suggest that, the application of triazoles may be a useful tool to increase the antioxidant production in S. rotundifolius and thereby make it an economical food crop.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Solanum tuberosum/metabolismo , Triazóis/farmacologia , Ascorbato Peroxidases , Ácido Ascórbico/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Peroxidases/metabolismo , Solanum tuberosum/efeitos dos fármacos , Solanum tuberosum/enzimologia , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Vitamina E/metabolismo
8.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces ; 62(1): 58-63, 2008 Mar 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17983733

RESUMO

Experiments were conducted to study the effects of different sodium salts viz., sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium sulphate (Na(2)SO(4)) and sodium carbonate (Na(2)CO(3)) on growth, dry matter production, mineral contents, biochemical constituent and enzyme activities of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The germinating sunflower seeds were treated with 10, 20 and 50mM NaCl and Na(2)SO(4) and 5, 10 and 15 mM Na(2)CO(3). The seedling growth, minerals, chlorophyll content and biochemicals like protein and free amino acid contents with enzyme activities like ATPase and protease were analysed on 8 DAS. The seedlings were separated into root, stem, leaf and cotyledon on 8 DAS. All the treatments decreased the germination percentage; shoot length, root length, leaf area and dry weight, chlorophyll and protein contents significantly. Potassium, sodium and free amino acid contents; activities of ATPase and protease were increased when compared to control. This effect was very high in the Na(2)CO(3) treated seedlings this was followed by Na(2)SO(4) and NaCl treated seedlings. From the results of this investigation, it is clear that, the sunflower seedlings were affected significantly in the Na(2)CO(3) treatments, and followed by Na(2)SO(4) and NaCl treatments.


Assuntos
Helianthus/metabolismo , Sódio/farmacologia , Adenosina Trifosfatases/metabolismo , Carbonatos/farmacologia , Carboxipeptidase B/metabolismo , Clorofila/metabolismo , Helianthus/efeitos dos fármacos , Helianthus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Potássio/metabolismo , Sódio/metabolismo , Cloreto de Sódio/farmacologia , Sulfatos/farmacologia
9.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces ; 61(2): 298-303, 2008 Feb 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17949951

RESUMO

An experiment was conducted in two varieties, rosea and alba, of Catharanthus roseus plants with two watering treatments viz., 100 and 60% of field capacity, to understand the effects of water deficit on early growth, biomass allocation and photosynthetic pigment responses. We found that there were significant differences in early growth, dry matter accumulation and pigment variations between the two varieties. The root length, shoot length, total leaf area, fresh and dry weights were significantly reduced under water stress treatments. There was a significant reduction in the photosynthetic pigment contents in both the varieties. The rosea variety was more affected due to water deficit when compared to alba variety.


Assuntos
Catharanthus/anatomia & histologia , Catharanthus/metabolismo , Desastres , Fotossíntese , Pigmentos Biológicos/metabolismo , Solo , Antocianinas/metabolismo , Carotenoides/metabolismo , Clorofila/metabolismo , Xantofilas/metabolismo
10.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces ; 61(2): 315-8, 2008 Feb 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17961996

RESUMO

A pot culture experiment was conducted to estimate the stress ameliorating ability of paclobutrazol, a triazole fungicide in Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. plants. Treatments were given as 80 mM NaCl, 80 mM NaCl+15 mg l(-1) paclobutrazol and 15 mg l(-1) paclobutrazol alone. The samples were collected on 60 and 80 days after sowing (DAS). NaCl stress inhibited the root and stem length, total leaf area, fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW) and activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX). Plants treated with NaCl with paclobutrazol increased these parameters to a larger extent when compared to NaCl stressed plants. The results showed that the paclobutrazol significantly ameliorated the adverse effects of NaCl stress in V. unguiculata plants.


Assuntos
Adaptação Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Fabaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Cloreto de Sódio/farmacologia , Triazóis/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Catalase/metabolismo , Fabaceae/enzimologia , Fabaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fungicidas Industriais/farmacologia , Peroxidases/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo
11.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces ; 60(2): 229-35, 2007 Nov 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17764913

RESUMO

An investigation was carried out to find out the extent of changes occurred in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars in response to paclobutrazol (PBZ) treatment under water deficit stress. Two groundnut cultivars namely ICG 221 and ICG 476 were used for the study. Individual treatment with PBZ and drought stress showed an increase in ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol and reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) activities. PBZ with drought stressed plants maintained higher levels of antioxidant and scavenging enzymes. Significant differences were observed between cultivars and treatments. These results suggests that the adverse effects of water stress can be minimized by the application of PBZ by increasing the antioxidant levels and activities of scavenging enzymes such as SOD, APX and CAT. The Cv. ICG 221 appears to be more tolerant to water stress than the ICG 476.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Arachis/metabolismo , Catalase/metabolismo , Peroxidases/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Triazóis/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Arachis/química , Arachis/efeitos dos fármacos , Ascorbato Peroxidases , Ácido Ascórbico/química , Ácido Ascórbico/metabolismo , Catalase/química , Catalase/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Fungicidas Industriais/farmacologia , Glutationa/química , Glutationa/metabolismo , Peroxidases/química , Peroxidases/efeitos dos fármacos , Superóxido Dismutase/química , Superóxido Dismutase/efeitos dos fármacos , Água/química , alfa-Tocoferol/química , alfa-Tocoferol/metabolismo
12.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces ; 60(2): 207-12, 2007 Nov 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17669636

RESUMO

The effects of two triazole compounds, triadimefon and hexaconazole, on the growth and carbohydrate metabolism were studied in Solenostemon rotundifolius Poir., Morton plants under pot culture. Plants were treated with triadimefon at 15mg l(-1) and hexaconazole at 10mg l(-1) separately by soil drenching on 80, 110 and 140 days after planting (DAP). The plants were harvested randomly and growth parameters were studied on 90, 120 and 150 DAP for determining the effect of both the triazole on growth and chlorophyll pigments. These triazole compounds increased the chlorophyll pigments. However, both the treatments decreased the fresh and dry weights of shoot and leaf area. Both these triazole resulted in a marginal increase in starch content and decreased the sugar contents. The carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes alpha- and beta-amylase activities were reduced and invertase activity increased in S. rotundifolius under triadimefon and hexaconazole treatments.


Assuntos
Metabolismo dos Carboidratos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fotossíntese , Pigmentos Biológicos/metabolismo , Triazóis/farmacologia , Amilases/química , Amilases/efeitos dos fármacos , Amilases/metabolismo , Carboidratos/química , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Fungicidas Industriais/farmacologia , Lamiaceae/química , Lamiaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Lamiaceae/metabolismo , Pigmentos Biológicos/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Plantas Medicinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Plantas Medicinais/metabolismo , Amido/química , Amido/metabolismo , beta-Frutofuranosidase/química , beta-Frutofuranosidase/efeitos dos fármacos , beta-Frutofuranosidase/metabolismo
13.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces ; 60(1): 7-11, 2007 Oct 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17681765

RESUMO

The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) like Pseudomonas fluorescens on growth parameters and the production of ajmalicine were investigated in Catharanthus roseus under drought stress. The plants under pot culture were subjected to 10, 15 and 20 days interval drought (DID) stress and drought stress with Pseudomonas fluorescens at 1mgl(-1) and 1mgl(-1)Pseudomonas fluorescens alone from 30 days after planting (DAP) and regular irrigation was kept as control. The plants were uprooted on 41 DAS (10 DID), 46 DAS (15 DID) and 51 DAS (20 DID). Drought stress decreased the growth parameters and increased the ajmalicine content. But the treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens enhanced the growth parameters under drought stress and partially ameliorated the drought induced growth inhibition by increasing the fresh and dry weights significantly. The ajmalicine content was again increased due to Pseudomonas fluorescens treatment to the drought stressed plants. From the results of this investigation, it can be concluded that, the seedling treatments of native PGPRs can be used as a good tool in the enhancement of biomass yield and alkaloid contents in medicinal plants, as it provides an eco-friendly approach and can be used as an agent in water deficit stress amelioration.


Assuntos
Biomassa , Catharanthus/metabolismo , Catharanthus/microbiologia , Desidratação/metabolismo , Pseudomonas fluorescens/fisiologia , Alcaloides de Triptamina e Secologanina/metabolismo , Água/metabolismo , Catharanthus/anatomia & histologia , Catharanthus/crescimento & desenvolvimento
14.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces ; 60(1): 110-6, 2007 Oct 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17643271

RESUMO

The present investigation was conducted to determine whether CaCl(2) increases Catharanthus roseus drought tolerance and if such tolerance is correlated with changes in oxidative stress, osmoregulation and indole alkaloid accumulation. C. roseus plants were grown under water deficit environments with or without CaCl(2). Drought induced oxidative stress was measured in terms of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and H(2)O(2) contents, osmolyte concentration, proline (PRO) metabolizing enzymes and indole alkaloid accumulation. The plants under pot culture were subjected to 10, 15 and 20 days interval drought (DID) stress and drought stress with 5mM CaCl(2) and 5mM CaCl(2) alone from 30 days after planting (DAP) and regular irrigation was kept as control. The plants were uprooted on 41 DAS (10 DID), 46 DAS (15 DID) and 51 DAS (20 DID). Drought stressed plants showed increased LPO, H(2)O(2), glycine betaine (GB) and PRO contents and decreased proline oxidase (PROX) activity and increased gamma-glutamyl kinase (gamma-GK) activity when compared to control. Addition of CaCl(2) to drought stressed plants lowered the PRO concentration by increasing the level of PROX and decreasing the gamma-GK activities. Calcium ions increased the GB contents. CaCl(2) appears to confer greater osmoprotection by the additive role with drought in GB accumulation. The drought with CaCl(2)-treated C. roseus plants showed an increase in total indole alkaloid content in shoots and roots when compared to drought stressed and well-watered plants.


Assuntos
Cloreto de Cálcio/farmacologia , Catharanthus/efeitos dos fármacos , Desidratação/tratamento farmacológico , Alcaloides Indólicos/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Prolina/metabolismo , Catharanthus/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo
15.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces ; 60(2): 195-200, 2007 Nov 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17643272

RESUMO

Changes in antioxidant potentials and indole alkaloid, ajmalicine, production were studied in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. plants under treatment with gibberellic acid (GA(3)). The GA(3) treatments were given in two ways, foliar spray and soil drenching methods on 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after planting (DAP). The plants were uprooted randomly on 90 DAP and separated into root, stem and leaves and used for analyses. The antioxidant potential was studied in terms of non-enzymatc antioxidant molecules like ascorbic acid (AA), alpha-tocopherol (alpha-toc) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and activities of antioxidant enzyme, viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT). The alkaloid ajmalicine was extracted and estimated from roots of both control and treated plants. It was found that, GA(3) has a profound effect upon the antioxidant potentials and it caused a significant enhancement in the production of ajmalicine when compared to untreated control as well as foliar-sprayed plants. There was no significant enhancement in GSH and ajmalicine content under GA(3) foliar spray in C. roseus. These preliminary results suggest that, the application of GA(3) may be a useful tool to increase the antioxidant potential and alkaloid production in medicinal plants like C. roseus.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Catharanthus/efeitos dos fármacos , Catharanthus/metabolismo , Giberelinas/farmacologia , Alcaloides de Triptamina e Secologanina/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/química , Ascorbato Peroxidases , Catalase/química , Catalase/efeitos dos fármacos , Catalase/metabolismo , Catharanthus/química , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutationa/química , Glutationa/metabolismo , Peroxidases/química , Peroxidases/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidases/metabolismo , Alcaloides de Triptamina e Secologanina/química , Superóxido Dismutase/química , Superóxido Dismutase/efeitos dos fármacos , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , alfa-Tocoferol/química , alfa-Tocoferol/metabolismo
16.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces ; 60(2): 201-6, 2007 Nov 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17643970

RESUMO

A pot culture experiment was conducted to estimate the drought stress mitigating effect of ketoconazole (KCZ), a fungicide cum plant growth regulator, in Catharanthus roseus plants. The plants under pot culture were subjected to drought stress and drought stress with KCZ from 30 days after sowing (DAS) and regular irrigation was kept as control. Antioxidant contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes were estimated from root, stem and leaf of both control and treated plants. The alkaloid ajmalicine was extracted and estimated from the roots of control, drought stressed and KCZ treated plants. Individual and combined drought stress and KCZ treatments increased ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol contents, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase activities when compared to control. There was a significant enhancement in ajmalicine production under KCZ treated plants under drought stress when compared to well watered control as well as drought stressed plants. The KCZ treatment resulted in partial mitigation of drought stress by increasing the antioxidant potentials in C. roseus plants.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Catharanthus/efeitos dos fármacos , Catharanthus/metabolismo , Desidratação/metabolismo , Cetoconazol/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Ascorbato Peroxidases , Ácido Ascórbico/química , Ácido Ascórbico/metabolismo , Catalase/química , Catalase/efeitos dos fármacos , Catalase/metabolismo , Catharanthus/química , Desidratação/prevenção & controle , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidases/química , Peroxidases/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidases/metabolismo , Alcaloides de Triptamina e Secologanina/química , Alcaloides de Triptamina e Secologanina/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/química , Superóxido Dismutase/efeitos dos fármacos , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , alfa-Tocoferol/química , alfa-Tocoferol/metabolismo
17.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces ; 59(2): 141-9, 2007 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17560769

RESUMO

In the present investigation, two watering treatments, viz., 100% and 60% field capacity (FC) were used to understand the effects of water deficit on early growth, biomass allocation, pigment and biochemical constituents and proline metabolism of five varieties of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants. We found that there was a significant difference in early growth, dry matter accumulation, pigment, biochemical constituents and proline metabolism among the five varieties. The root length, shoot length, total leaf area, fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid were significantly reduced under water stress treatments. Water stress increased the proline, free amino acid and glycinebetaine contents along with increased activity of gamma-glutamyl kinase but the activity of proline oxidase reduced as a consequence of water stress.


Assuntos
Helianthus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Helianthus/metabolismo , Prolina/metabolismo , Betaína/metabolismo , Carotenoides/metabolismo , Clorofila/metabolismo , Desidratação/metabolismo , Desastres , Helianthus/anatomia & histologia , Distribuição Aleatória
18.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces ; 59(2): 150-7, 2007 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17560094

RESUMO

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don plants were grown in different water regimes in order to study the drought induced osmotic stress and proline (PRO) metabolism, antioxidative enzyme activities and indole alkaloid accumulation. The plants under pot culture were subjected to 10, 15 and 20 days interval drought (DID) stress from 30 days after sowing (DAS) and regular irrigation was kept as control. The plants were uprooted on 41DAS (10DID), 46DAS (15DID) and 51DAS (20DID). The drought stressed plants showed increased aminoacid (AA), glycine betaine (GB) and PRO contents and decreased proline oxidase (PROX) and increased gamma-glutamyl kinase (gamma-GK) activities when compared to control. The antioxidative enzymes like peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) increased to a significant level in drought stressed plants when compared to control. The drought stressed C. roseus plants showed an increase in total indole alkaloid content in shoots and roots when compared to well-watered control plants. Our results suggest that the cultivation of medicinal plants like C. roseus in water deficit areas would increase its PRO metabolism, osmoregulation, defense system and the level of active principles.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Catharanthus/enzimologia , Alcaloides Indólicos/metabolismo , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/fisiologia , Catharanthus/metabolismo , Desidratação/metabolismo , Osmose/fisiologia , Água/metabolismo
19.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces ; 57(1): 69-74, 2007 May 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17296289

RESUMO

In the present study, a pot culture experiment was conducted to estimate the ameliorating effect of propiconazole (PCZ) on drought stress in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) plants. From 30 days after sowing (DAS), the plants were subjected to 3, 6 and 9 days interval drought (DID) stress and drought stress with PCZ at 15 and 15 mg l(-1) PCZ alone and 1 day interval irrigation was kept as control. The plant samples were collected on 34 DAS (3 DID), 37 DAS (6 DID) and 40 DAS (9 DID). The plants were separated into root, stem and leaf for estimating the antioxidant contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Individual and combined drought stress and PCZ treatments increased ascorbic acid (AA), alpha-tocopherol (alpha-toc) contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities when compared to control. The PCZ treatment mitigated the adverse effects of drought stress by increasing the antioxidant potentials and thereby paved the way for overcoming drought stress in V. unguiculata plants.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Fungicidas Industriais/farmacologia , Pisum sativum/metabolismo , Triazóis/farmacologia , Água/fisiologia , Ascorbato Peroxidases , Ácido Ascórbico/metabolismo , Catalase/metabolismo , Catecol Oxidase/metabolismo , Desastres , Pisum sativum/enzimologia , Peroxidases/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/enzimologia , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas/química , Raízes de Plantas/enzimologia , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , Caules de Planta/enzimologia , Caules de Planta/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Água/metabolismo , alfa-Tocoferol/metabolismo
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