Air pollution and risk of 32 health conditions: outcome-wide analyses in a population-based prospective cohort in Southwest China.

BACKGROUND: Uncertainty remains about the long-term effects of air pollutants (AP) on multiple diseases, especially subtypes of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to assess the individual and joint associations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), along with its chemical components, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3), with risks of 32 health conditions. METHODS: A total of 17,566 participants in Sichuan Province, China, were included in 2018 and followed until 2022, with an average follow-up period of 4.2 years. The concentrations of AP were measured using a machine-learning approach. The Cox proportional hazards model and quantile g-computation were applied to assess the associations between AP and CVD. RESULTS: Per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 mass, NO2, O3, nitrate, ammonium, organic matter (OM), black carbon (BC), chloride, and sulfate were significantly associated with increased risks of various conditions, with hazard ratios (HRs) ranging from 1.06 to 2.48. Exposure to multiple air pollutants was associated with total cardiovascular disease (HR 1.75, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 1.62-1.89), hypertensive diseases (1.49, 1.38-1.62), cardiac arrests (1.52, 1.30-1.77), arrhythmia (1.76, 1.44-2.15), cerebrovascular diseases (1.86, 1.65-2.10), stroke (1.77, 1.54-2.03), ischemic stroke (1.85, 1.61-2.12), atherosclerosis (1.77, 1.57-1.99), diseases of veins, lymphatic vessels, and lymph nodes (1.32, 1.15-1.51), pneumonia (1.37, 1.16-1.61), inflammatory bowel diseases (1.34, 1.16-1.55), liver diseases (1.59, 1.43-1.77), type 2 diabetes (1.48, 1.26-1.73), lipoprotein metabolism disorders (2.20, 1.96-2.47), purine metabolism disorders (1.61, 1.38-1.88), anemia (1.29, 1.15-1.45), sleep disorders (1.54, 1.33-1.78), renal failure (1.44, 1.21-1.72), kidney stone (1.27, 1.13-1.43), osteoarthritis (2.18, 2.00-2.39), osteoporosis (1.36, 1.14-1.61). OM had max weights for joint effects of AP on many conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term exposure to increased levels of multiple air pollutants was associated with risks of multiple health conditions. OM accounted for substantial weight for these increased risks, suggesting it may play an important role in these associations.

Imaging LNAPL distribution at a former chemical plant with time-domain induced polarization.

Light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) that infiltrate into the subsurface are commonly described in two distinct zones: the source zone and the plume zone. A precise differentiation between these zones is essential for constraining further migration and selecting an effective remediation method. In this study, we employ the induced polarization (IP) method to characterize the contaminants. Six time domain IP survey lines were conducted at a former chemical plant contaminated with LNAPLs. Even though the contaminated areas corresponding to BTEX concentration above 180 mg/kg are less than 5 mS/m, the source and plume zones cannot be distinguished by conductivity alone. However, a noticeable difference in phase ( φ ) between the two zones is observed, and the threshold phase value corresponding to a critical concentration of 450 mg/kg is 20 mrad. Moreover, the normalized chargeability ( M n ) threshold for the source zone is 80 mS/m, and the corresponding M n differences between the source and plume zones are more significant than those in φ . These results illustrate that changes in polarization characteristics associated with BTEX concentrations can aid in further distinguishing between the source and plume zones. Ultimately, it is concluded that IP imaging is a well-suited method for LNAPL investigations that permits an improved characterization of different contaminated zones, which can facilitate the optimization of drillings for further site assessment and remediation.

Maternal Exposure to Ozone and the Risk of Birth Defects: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study in Southwestern China.

A few studies have explored the relationship between air pollution exposure and the risk of birth defects; however, the ozone-related (O3) effects on preconception and first-trimester exposures are still unknown. In this time-stratified case-crossover study, conditional logistic regressions were applied to explore the associations between O3 exposure and the risk of birth defects in Chongqing, China, and stratified analyses were constructed to evaluate the modifiable factors. A total of 6601 cases of birth defects were diagnosed, of which 56.16% were male. O3 exposure was associated with an increased risk of birth defects, and the most significant estimates were observed in the first month before pregnancy: a 10 ug/m3 increase of O3 was related to an elevation of 4.2% [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.4-5.1%]. The associations between O3 exposure and congenital malformations and deformations of the musculoskeletal system were statistically significant during almost all exposure periods. Pregnant women with lower education and income, and from rural areas, were more susceptible to O3 exposure, with the strongest odds ratios (ORs) of 1.066 (95%CI, 1.046-1.087), 1.086 (95%CI, 1.034-1.140), and 1.053 (95%CI, 1.034-1.072), respectively. Our findings highlight the health risks of air pollution exposure and raise awareness of pregnant women's vulnerability and the susceptibility window period.

Characterization of solid waste deposit using electrical resistivity tomography and time domain induced polarization.

The whopping increase in solid waste landfills poses serious threats to the environment. Compared to the drilling method, geophysical methods are effective, non-invasive techniques for delineating the contaminant distribution. In this study, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and induced polarization (IP) were used to investigate a solid waste deposit. The results of ERT/IP imaging illustrate the potential of the method in environmental studies. Based on the results of 21 survey lines, geo-electrical signals can be summarized as three types: with only high resistivity for construction & demolition wastes (CDWs) areas (RO type), contaminated soil for high chargeability (CO type), and contaminants under CDWs layer have both high resistivity and chargeability (RC type). Chargeability values over 10.2 mV/V correspond to contaminated soil with an overall concentration larger than 75 mg/kg. With the three-dimensional interpolation results and the determined chargeability criteria, the total volume of contaminated soil is 40,555 cubic meters. Finally, comparing the efficiency, cost and results of IP and drilling sampling methods shows that the IP is an efficient, low-cost and high-resolution contamination characterization. The results support that ERT/IP information can fulfill rapid and initial identification as a reliable tool in engineering and environmental investigations.

Three-Dimensional Structure Light Robot-Assisted Frameless Stereotactic Brain Biopsy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility, accuracy, and safety of 3-dimensional (3D) structure light robot-assisted frameless stereotactic brain biopsy. METHODS: Five consecutive patients (3 males, 2 females) were included in this study. The patients' clinical, imaging, and histological data were analyzed, and all patients received a 3D structure light robot-assisted frameless stereotactic brain biopsy. The raw and/or analyzed data of the study are available from the corresponding author. RESULTS: The statistical results showed a mean age of 59.6 years (range 40-70 years), a mean target depth of 60.9 mm (range 53.5-65.8 mm), a mean radial error of 1.2 ± 0.7 mm (mean ± SD), a mean depth error of 0.7 ± 0.3 mm, and a mean absolute tip error of 1.5 ± 0.6 mm. The calculated Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient ( r = 0.23) revealed no correlation between target depth and absolute tip error. All biopsy needles were placed in line with the planned trajectory successfully, and diagnostic specimens were harvested in all cases. Histopathological analysis revealed lymphoma (2 cases), lung adenocarcinoma (1 case), glioblastoma multiforme (1 case), and oligodendroglioma (1 case). CONCLUSION: Surface registration using the 3D structure light technique is fast and precise because of the achievable million-scale point cloud data of the head and face. 3D structure light robot-assisted frameless stereotactic brain biopsy is feasible, accurate, and safe.

A framework for risk assessment of groundwater contamination integrating hydrochemical, hydrogeological, and electrical resistivity tomography method.

Groundwater contamination have been widely concerned. To reliably conduct risk assessment, it is essential to accurately delineate the contaminant distribution and hydrogeological condition. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) has become a powerful tool because of its high sensitivity to hydrochemical parameters, as well as its advantages of non-invasiveness, spatial continuity, and cost-effectiveness. However, it is still difficult to integrate hydrochemical, hydrogeological, and ERT datasets for risk assessment. In this study, we develop a general framework for risk assessment by sequentially jointing hydrochemical, hydrogeological, and ERT surveys, while establishing petrophysical relationships among these data. This framework can be used in groundwater-contaminated site and help to delineate the distribution of contaminants. In this study, it was applied to a nitrogen-contaminated site where field ERT survey and borehole information provided valuable measurement data for validating the consistency of contamination and hydrogeological condition. Risk assessment was conducted based on the refined results by the establishment of relationship between conductivity and contaminants concentration with R 2 > 0.84 . The contamination source was identified and the transport direction was predicted with the good agreement of R 2 = 0.965 between simulated and observed groundwater head, which can help to propose measures for anti-seepage and monitoring. This study thus enhances the reliability of risk assessment and prediction through a thought-provoking innovation in the realm of groundwater environmental assessment.

The role of SUMOylation in the neurovascular dysfunction after acquired brain injury.

Acquired brain injury (ABI) is the most common disease of the nervous system, involving complex pathological processes, which often leads to a series of nervous system disorders. The structural destruction and dysfunction of the Neurovascular Unit (NVU) are prominent features of ABI. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism underlying NVU destruction and its reconstruction is the key to the treatment of ABI. SUMOylation is a protein post-translational modification (PTM), which can degrade and stabilize the substrate dynamically, thus playing an important role in regulating protein expression and biological signal transduction. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of SUMOylation can clarify the molecular mechanism of the occurrence and development of neurovascular dysfunction after ABI and is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the development of potential treatment strategies. This article reviews the role of SUMOylation in vascular events related to ABI, including NVU dysfunction and vascular remodeling, and puts forward therapeutic prospects.

Monitoring of in-situ chemical oxidation for remediation of diesel-contaminated soil with electrical resistivity tomography.

In-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) with persulfate, an electrically conductive oxidant, provides a powerful signal for noninvasive geophysical techniques to characterize the remediation process of hydrocarbon contaminants. In this study, remediation with ISCO is conducted in laboratory sandboxes to evaluate the ability of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) for monitoring the base-activated persulfate remediation process of diesel-contaminated soil. It was found that the resistivity of contaminated sand significantly decreased from 846 Ω·m to below 10 Ω·m after persulfate injection, and all measured chemical parameters showed a noticeable increase. Natural degradation and contamination plume migration were not evident in a reference sandbox without treatment. The area with a resistivity ratio < 0.95 based on imaging before and after injection indicated downward migration of the oxidation plume due to density-driven flow. A comparison between remediation and reference sandboxes showed that the observed resistivity decrease can be due to both contaminant degradation as well as the oxidation plume itself in the contaminated source zone. In contrast, the resistivity decrease in the area with low contamination concentration is attributed to the oxidation plume alone. The derived relationships between resistivity and contaminant indicators further emphasize that the contribution of contaminant consumption to resistivity change in the source area is 25.6%, while it is <16% in the low or non-contaminated area. Although this study showed that resistivity is not solely affected by the chemical transformation of diesel components, it can be combined with sampling data to allow an assessment of the effectiveness of ISCO treatment and to identify target areas for subsequent treatment.

Association between Nocturnal Sleep Duration and Insomnia symptoms with depressive symptoms among 44,900 Chinese Han adults aged 30-79 in Southwest China.

BACKGROUND: Although there are several cross-sectional and prospective studies on the relationship between sleep duration /insomnia symptoms and depression symptoms, the results of these studies are still not conclusive, and few studies have further analyzed the association between sleep duration and depressive symptoms in adults by gender and age. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between nocturnal sleep duration and insomnia symptoms with depression symptoms, and further examine whether the association was impacted by age and gender in a large-scale Han Chinese population in southwest China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed that included 44,900 participants from 18 districts in southwest China from September 2018 to January 2019. The study comprised 42,242 individuals in the final analysis. Depressive symptoms were investigated using the PHQ-2 questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between nocturnal sleep duration and insomnia symptoms with depression symptoms as well as the influence of age and gender. RESULTS: After adjusting for multiple variables, those with nocturnal sleep duration < 7 h had a higher odds ratio for depression (OR:1.47, 95%CI 1.31-1.65) compared to participants whose nocturnal sleep duration was in the range of 7-8 h. Notably, there is a higher association in those aged below 45 years (OR:1.91, 95%CI 1.52-2.41) and in female participants (OR:1.57, 95%CI 1.35-1.82). However, nocturnal sleep duration longer than 9 h was not associated with depression symptoms in either the whole population analysis or the subgroup analysis. Insomniacs had a higher odds ratio for depression(OR:1.87, 95%CI 1.84-2.36, respectively) compared to non-insomniacs. There is a higher association in those aged 45-60 years (OR:2.23, 95%CI 1.82-2.73) and in female participants (OR:2.17, 95%CI 1.84-2.56). Further subgroup analysis by age and gender at the same time showed the association between sleep deprivation and depression was highest among women aged below 45 years, while the association between insomnia and depression was the highest among men aged 45-59 years. CONCLUSION: Short nocturnal sleep duration and insomnia symptoms were positively associated with the risk of depressive symptoms among Chinese Han adults aged 30-79 in Southwest China, especially the middle-aged population and females should be more concerned.

Sodium Fluorescein-Guided Surgery for Resection of Brain Metastases from Lung Cancer: A Consecutive Case Series Study and Literature Review.

(1) Introduction and objective: Surgical resection plays an important role in the multidisciplinary treatment of lung cancer patients with brain metastases (BMs). Precisely distinguishing the tumor border intraoperatively to improve and maximize the extent of resection (EOR) without causing permanent neurological defects is crucial but still challenging. Therefore, we introduced our experience of utilizing sodium fluorescein (SF) in microneurosurgery of BMs from lung cancer. This study aims to evaluate whether the use of SF-guided surgery has a positive impact on postoperative outcomes. (2) Materials and methods: A retrospective study was performed to collect data on a consecutive case series of patients with BMs from lung cancer who underwent surgical resection from January 2020 to December 2021 at the Department of Neuro-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital. A total of 52 patients were enrolled, of which 23 received SF-guided surgery and 29 did not. EOR was assessed pre- and postoperatively on T1 contrast-enhanced MRI. Clinical and epidemiological data as well as follow-up were gathered and analyzed. (3) Results: Compared with the non-SF-guided group, the SF-guided group revealed a significantly better EOR (87.0% vs. 62.1%) and a lower incidence of local recurrence (8.7% vs. 34.5%). Survival benefits were seen in patients with NSCLC, patients who were undergoing SF-guided surgery, and patients receiving postoperative systemic therapy. (4) Conclusions: SF-guiding under the YELLOW 560 nm filter is a safe and feasible tool for improving the EOR in patients with BMs from lung cancer, leading to better local recurrence control and prolonged survival.

Integration of hydrochemical and induced polarization analysis for leachate localization in a municipal landfill.

Landfills have been identified as a significant concern to the surrounding surface and groundwater ecosystem because of the discharge of leachate. To tackle the uncertain localization of the contamination plume due to low sampling densities, a combination of hydrochemical analysis and induced polarization survey (IP) is employed to characterize the leachate in a municipal landfill. The polarization effect in the contaminated area is significantly higher than expected for landfill sites, but relatively low chargeability zones (<100 mV/V) indicating the distribution of leachate are observed inside high conductivity (>600 mS/m) areas. With reliable geophysical results confirmed by similar formation factors from both field and laboratory data, the abnormal high polarization effect is influenced by installed steel sheet piles next to the survey cable. In addition, we successfully identify linear relationship between the geophysical responses and dominant inorganic conservative compounds (Cl- and Na+) from the leachate plume. The gentle variations of borehole chemical parameters show that the plume is not affected by a continuous contamination source any more, indicating that the steel sheet pile effectively cut off the contamination from the leachate tanks. In conclusion, the integration of IP and hydrochemical data is an excellent way to locate contaminated zones and monitor the behaviors of leachate plume in the landfill.

Spicy food consumption is associated with abdominal obesity among Chinese Han population aged 30-79 years in the Sichuan Basin: a population-based cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Few animal experiments and volunteer-based intervention studies have showed a controversial effect of spicy foods on abdominal obesity. We aimed to examine the association between spicy food frequency, spicy flavor, and abdominal obesity among Chinese Han population in the Sichuan Basin which area eating spicy foods relatively often. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the Sichuan Basin baseline data from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) study, including data from electronic questionnaires, anthropometric measurements and blood sample collection. A total of 40,877 adults (22,503 females) aged 30-79 years were included in the final analysis. Multivariable logistic regression yielded adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for abdominal obesity associated with the strength of spicy flavor and frequency of spicy food intake. RESULTS: The prevalence of daily spicy food eating was 47.3% in males and 52.7% in females, the percentages of abdominal obesity were 52.3%, 48.8%, 51.6% and 55.5% in the spicy food intake subgroups of never, 1-2 days/week, 3-5 days/week and 6-7 days/week, respectively. Compared with males who never consumed spicy food, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) in the 1-2 days/week, 3-5 days/week and 6-7 days/week subgroups were 1.21 (1.09, 1.34), 1.35 (1.21, 1.51), and 1.35 (1.25, 1.47), respectively (Ptrend < 0.001). The corresponding odds ratios for females were 0.95 (0.87, 1.05), 1.14 (1.03, 1.26), and 1.25 (1.16, 1.35), respectively (Ptrend < 0.001). Similarly, compared with no spicy flavor, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of mild, middle, and strong spicy strength for abdominal obesity in males were 1.27 (1.17, 1.38), 1.51 (1.37, 1.67), and 1.36 (1.11, 1.67) respectively (Ptrend < 0.001). The corresponding odds ratios for females were 1.14 (1.06, 1.23), 1.27 (1.15, 1.40), and 1.32 (1.06, 1.65), respectively (Ptrend < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The data indicated that spicy food consumption was a risk factor for abdominal obesity among Chinese adult population in the Sichuan Basin. The results need to be approved by large cohort studies.

The Vaccine Hesitancy Profiles and Determinants of Seasonal Influenza among Chinese Community Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This paper is an evaluation of seasonal influenza vaccination hesitancy (IVH) and its determinants among community HCWs in Chongqing, a city in southwest China. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 1030 community HCWs with direct or indirect patient contact was conducted from July to September 2021 using a self-administered electronic questionnaire. Possible factors for IVH among community HCWs were investigated by multivariable logistic regression to yield adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Overall, 46.2% of community HCWs were vaccinated in the 2020-2021 season, while 65.8% of community HCWs had IVH. "Don't know the coverage in China" (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.01-2.11; 40-year-old group OR: 3.02, 95% CI: 1.92-4.76), "complacency" (OR: 4.55, 95% CI: 3.14-6.60) were positively related with having IVH. The community HCWs that had a history of influenza vaccination (OR: 0.67 95% CI: 0.48-0.95) and groups with confidence and convenience (OR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.06-0.12; OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.23-0.52, respectively) were more likely to completely accept vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Measures such as improving the awareness and knowledge of influenza and vaccination and expanding the free vaccination policy, combined with improving the convenience of the vaccination service, will promote increased seasonal influenza vaccination-coverage in community HCWs in Chongqing.

Association of self-reported snoring and hyperuricaemia: a large cross-sectional study in Chongqing, China.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between self-reported snoring and hyperuricaemia in a large-scale population in Chongqing, China. SETTING: Face-to-face electronic questionnaire survey, physical examination and biological sample testing were conducted in 13 districts of Chongqing. Chongqing is a municipality in southwest China. PARTICIPANTS: In this study, 23 308 Han ethnicity permanent residents aged 30-79 years were recruited. Individuals missing data were excluded, 22 389 subjects were included in final analysis. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum uric acid (UA) was measured using an oxidase method. Hyperuricaemia was defined as serum UA >420 µmol/L in men and >360 µmol/L in women. Information about self-reported snoring was obtained by questionnaire survey. All participants were divided into 'no snoring' 'snoring occasionally' and 'snoring frequently'. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between self-reported snoring and hyperuricaemia. RESULTS: The prevalence of hyperuricaemia was 14.43%, and snorers were more likely to have hyperuricaemia than non-snorer in different age and gender groups. For the total population, those who snore occasionally or frequently were more likely to be hyperuricaemia (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.31; OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.47) compared with no snoring people. Stratification by age, gender and body mass index (BMI), we found that the positive association between snoring frequently and hyperuricaemia was insisted in different age, gender and high BMI groups, and the strength of association varied with different age, gender and BMI category. CONCLUSION: Snoring frequency was positively associated with higher risk of hyperuricaemia. Snoring frequently may be a signal for hyperuricaemia, especially for women, those over 59 years of age, or those who are overweight or obese.

Associations between Age at Menarche and Dietary Patterns with Blood Pressure in Southwestern Chinese Adults.

The aim of our study was to examine the relationship between age at menarche (AM) and hypertension and to evaluate whether different dietary patterns have an effect on associations between AM and hypertension in a large-scale Han Chinese population in southwest China. A cross-sectional study was performed that included 44,900 participants from 17 districts in southwest China from September 2018 to January 2019. The study comprised 23,805 individuals in the final analysis. Logistic regression and multivariable linear regression were applied to estimate the dietary pattern-specific associations between AM and hypertension or systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP). Restricted cubic spline regression was utilized to calculate the shape of the relationship between AM and the odds ratio of hypertension. After adjusting for multiple variables, women who had a history of AM > 14 years were associated with an increased risk of hypertension (OR 1.12, 95%CI 1.04−1.19) and elevated levels of SBP (ß 0.90, 95%CI 0.41−1.38) compared with those with AM ≤ 14 years among the total population, and this association was still statistically significant when we further adjusted for body mass index (BMI). In participants with AM > 14 years, the odds ratio values of hypertension increased with increasing menarche age. After stratification by age at recruitment, the positive association between menarche age and hypertension only remained in the middle-aged group, and this association was not found in the young and old groups. After stratification by the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score among the total population, the positive association between AM and hypertension was presented only in the low DASH score group; however, this association was not found in the high DASH score group. Women who have a history of AM > 14 years should pay close attention to blood pressure levels and incorporate the DASH diet more in order to achieve the early prevention of hypertension, especially middle-aged women.

Paraneptunicella aestuarii gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Alteromonadaceae isolated from seawater in East China Sea.

An aerobic Gram-stain-negative, curved rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterial strain (NBU2194T) was isolated from seawater collected in an intertidal zone in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, PR China. It was motile though a single polar flagellum and grew at 20-42 °C (optimum, 30 °C), in 0-2.0 % NaCl (0 %, w/v) and at pH 5.0-9.0 (pH 6.0-7.0). The sole respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8. The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c. The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified aminophosphoglycolipids. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and 65 genomic core genes showed that strain NBU2194T formed a distinct lineage in the family Alteromonadaceae. The genome of strain NBU2194T was 4 913 533 bp with a DNA G+C content of 43.9 mol% and coded 3895 genes, 12 rRNA genes and 47 tRNA genes. The average nucleotide identity, amino acid identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NBU2194T and related species of Alteromonadaceae were below the threshold limit for prokaryotic species delineation. NBU2194T could be distinguished from other genera in the family Alteromonadaceae based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic characteristics. On the basis of the polyphasic taxonomic evidence collected in this study, strain NBU2194T is considered to represent a novel genus and species in the family Alteromonadaceae, for which the name Paraneptunicella aestuarii is proposed. The type strain is NBU2194T (=KCTC 82442T=GDMCC 1.2217T).

Associations of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and physical activity with insomnia in Chinese adults.

BACKGROUND: Air pollution is a potential environmental risk for sleep disturbance. However, the evidence is very limited in China. On the other hand, physical activity (PA) is a preventive behavior that can improve insomnia, but whether PA mitigates the negative impact of air pollution on insomnia is unknown. METHODS: We obtained data from the baseline of China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) survey, and examined the association between air pollution and insomnia, as well as PA's modification effect of on this association. We included 70,668 respondents and assessed insomnia by self-reported symptoms collected using electronic questionnaires. Using satellite data, we estimated the residence-specified, three-year average PM1, PM2.5, PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of ≤1 µm, ≤2.5 µm and 10 µm, respectively), O3 (ozone), and NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) concentrations. We established the associations between air pollutants and insomnia through logistic regression. We evaluated the modification impact of total and domain-specific PA (leisure, occupation, housework, transportation) by introducing an interaction term. RESULTS: Positive associations were observed between long-term exposure to PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and O3 and insomnia symptoms, with ORs (95% CI) of 1.09 (1.03-1.16), 1.11 (1.07-1.15), 1.07 (1.05-1.10) and 1.15 (1.11-1.20), respectively. As total PA increased, the ORs of air pollution for insomnia tended to decrease and then rise. We observed varying modification effects of domain-specific PA. With an increase in leisure PA, the ORs for PM2.5 and PM10 significantly declined. However, increased ORs of air pollutants were related to insomnia among participants with higher levels of occupational and housework PA. CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure to higher concentrations of PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and O3 increases the risk of insomnia symptoms. Moderate to high levels of leisure PA alleviate the harmful effects of air pollution on insomnia, while high levels of occupation and housework PA intensify such effects.

Dietary Pattern and Long-Term Effects of Particulate Matter on Blood Pressure: A Large Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Adults.

[Figure: see text].

Prevalence and risk factors associated with osteoporosis among residents aged above 20 years old in Chongqing, China.

Standardized prevalence of osteoporosis was 19.90% in the whole subjects aged between 50 and 87, 5.87% in men and 30.23% in women respectively. Risk factors associated with osteoporosis were analyzed. It is the first time to estimate the prevalence and characterize the epidemiology of osteoporosis in Chongqing, China. PURPOSE: To investigate bone mineral density (BMD) profiles, osteoporosis prevalence, and its risk factors among residents aged above 20 years old in Chongqing Municipality, China. METHODS: The study population consisted of 770 men and 1085 women aged 20 years and older with BMD measurements using central dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Information on sociodemographic characteristics and the potential risk factors associated with osteoporosis were collected by a standardized interviewer-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Crude prevalence of osteoporosis was 12.99% in the whole subjects, 4.42% for men, and 19.08% for women by WHO criteria at various skeletal regions (among lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip). Standardized prevalence of osteoporosis was 19.90% in the whole subjects aged between 50 and 87, 5.87% in men and 30.23% in women respectively. Prevalence of osteoporosis increased with age, and the prevalence of osteoporosis in women was 6.10 times higher than it in men. The prevalence of osteoporosis was significantly associated with the past medical history of fracture (OR = 1.794, P = 0.007); overweight and obesity were considered to be protective factors for osteoporosis with OR of 0.514 and 0.300, respectively; high school graduate (OR = 0.399, P = 0.000 ) and milk intake (OR = 0.648, P = 0.008) were also protective factors for osteoporosis in men and women considered together; menopause was an independent risk factor of osteoporosis in females (OR = 1.782, P = 0.029); current smoking was an independent risk factor of osteoporosis in males (OR = 2.437, P = 0.046). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was high among residents in Chongqing, China. Health education and behavior intervention should be focused on the elderly or female residents to promote the formulation of healthy lifestyle. Necessary steps are needed for more public education and a wider dissemination of information about osteoporosis and its prevention.

Mental health and related influencing factors among rural elderly in 14 poverty state counties of Chongqing, Southwest China: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: China has the largest elderly population in the world; little attention has been paid to the mental health of elderly in areas of extreme poverty. This is the first study to investigate the mental health of the rural elderly in poverty state counties in Chongqing and was part of the Chongqing 2018 health literacy promotion project. METHODS: In 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the mental health status of the rural elderly in fourteen poverty state counties of Chongqing, in which a total of 1400 elderly aged ≥ 65 years were interviewed, where mental health status was measured by the ten-item Kessler10 (K10) scale. Ordered multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate the influencing factors related to mental health of the elderly in these areas. RESULTS: The average score of K10 in 14 poverty state counties was 17.40 ± 6.31, 47.6% was labeled as good, 30.2% was moderate, 17.0% was poor, and lastly 5.1% was bad, and the mental health status of the elderly in the northeastern wing of Chongqing was better than the one in the southeastern wing of Chongqing. A worse self-rated health was the risk factor for mental health both in the northeastern and southeastern wings of Chongqing (all P < 0.001). Lower education level (OR (95% CI) = 1.45 (1.12-1.87), P = 0.004) was a risk factor in the northeastern wing, whereas older age (OR (95% CI) = 1.33 (1.13-1.56), P = 0.001) was a risk factors in the southeastern wing. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that mental health of the elderly in poverty state counties was poor, especially in the southeastern wing of Chongqing. Particular attention needs to be paid to the males who were less educated, older, and single; female with lower annual per capital income; and especially the elderly with poor self-rated health.