Impact of Platelet Hyperreactivity and Diabetes Mellitus on Ischemic Stroke Recurrence: A Single-Center Cohort Clinical Study.

Purpose: Ischemic stroke recurrence (ISR) is prevented by inhibiting platelet function. To investigate the impact of high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) assessed by thromboelastography (TEG) and its risk factors on ISR in individuals who have experienced acute ischemic stroke (AIS) receiving dual anti-platelet therapy (DAPT). Patients and Methods: At the end of follow-up, a total of 264 patients who met the criteria were enrolled in this cohort study. The primary endpoint event was a recurrence of ischemic stroke within 90 days of onset. Results: The ISR rate was 7.2% (19/264). The recurrence rate in the HTPR group was 15.1% (8/53), which was significantly higher than the 5.2% (11/211) in the non-HTPR group (p = 0.013), and the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) group (12.5%, 10/80) was also significantly higher compared to the non-T2DM group (4.9%, 9/184) (p = 0.028). T2DM was an isolated risk factor for HTPR (adjusted OR = 3.06, 95% CI 1.57-5.98, P = 0.001). Kaplan-Meier plots showed that the cumulative risk (CR) of ISR was statistically different in the HTPR and T2DM groups compared to the non-HTPR group (log-rank P = 0.009) and the non-T2DM group (log-rank P = 0.026), respectively. The HTPR and T2DM groups had greater hazard ratios (HR) of ISR than the non-HTPR (adjusted HR = 2.78, 95% CI 1.06-7.32, P = 0.038) and non-T2DM (adjusted HR = 2.64, 95% CI 1.01-6.92, P = 0.049) groups. Conclusion: Both HTPR and T2DM are linked to ISR. Platelet Inhibition Rate (PIR) of TEG can early identify patients who are at high risk for having another ischemic stroke in patients undergoing DAPT, and this study may offer more evidence in favor of clinically personalized treatment and secondary prevention tactics.

Gold nanoparticles-biomembrane interactions: From fundamental to simulation.

Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) are a class of promising nanomaterial for biomedical applications ranging from bioimaging, drug delivery to phototherapy because of their biocompatibility, easily tunable size and shape, and versatile surface modifications. In recent years, the rapid development of AuNPs in nanomedicine has made it imperative to seek fundamental understanding on their nano-biointeractions to minimize adverse effects and improve targeting/imaging efficiency. In this review, we summarize the different pathways of NPs-biomembrane interactions with a focus on AuNPs, follow by an analysis on how the physiochemical properties (size, surface charge, shape, surface ligands, and hydrophobicity etc.) of AuNPs can be involved in the mechanisms of cellular uptake. Finally, some recent advances on simulation modelling of AuNPs-biomembrane interactions and a brief outlook in the field are discussed.

Renal Clearable Gold Nanoparticle-Functionalized Silk Film for in vivo Fluorescent Temperature Mapping.

Implantable optical sensing devices that can continuously monitor physiological temperature changes hold great potential toward applications in healthcare and medical field. Here, we present a conceptual foundation for the design of biocompatible temperature sensing device by integrating renal clearable luminescent gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with silk film (AuNPs-SF). We found that the AuNPs display strong temperature dependence in both near-IR fluorescence intensity and lifetime over a large temperature range (10-60°C), with a fluorescence intensity sensitivity of 1.72%/°C and lifetime sensitivity of 0.09 µs/°C. When integrated, the AuNPs with biocompatible silk film are implanted in the dorsal region of mice. The fluorescence imaging of the AuNPs-SF in the body shows a linear relationship between the average fluorescence intensity and temperature. More importantly, <3.68% ID gold are left in the body, and no adverse effect is observed for 8 weeks. This AuNPs-SF can be potentially used as a flexible, biocompatible, and implantable sensing device for in vivo temperature mapping.