Postplacental Placement of Intrauterine Devices: Acceptability, Reasons for Refusal and Proposals to Increase its Use.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the acceptability of postplacental placement of intrauterine devices (PPIUD), reasons for refusal and suggested policies to increase its use. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted at the Women Hospital of the Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Postplacental placement of intrauterine devices was offered to women admitted in labor who did not present infections, uterine malformation, twin pregnancy, preterm birth, and were at least 18 years old. In case of refusal, the parturient was asked to give their reasons and the answers were classified as misinformation about contraception or other reasons. The following were considered misinformation: fear of pain, bleeding, contraception failure and future infertility. Bivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS: Amongst 241 invited women, the refusal rate was of 41.9%. Misinformation corresponded to 50.5% of all refusals, and the reasons were: fear of pain (39.9%); fear of contraception failure (4.9%); fear of bleeding (3.9%); fear of future infertility (1.9%); other reasons for refusal were 49.5%. Parturients aged between 18 and 27 years old refused the PPIUD more frequently due to misinformation (67.4%), and older parturients (between 28 and 43 years old) refused frequently due to other reasons (63.6%) (p = 0.002). The mean age of those who declined the PPIUD due to misinformation was 27.3 ± 6.4 years old, while those who declined for other reasons had a mean age of 29.9 ± 5.9 years old (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION: The refusal of the PPIUD was high, especially amongst young women and due to misinformation. It is necessary to develop educative measures during antenatal care to counsel women about contraception, reproductive health and consequences of unintended pregnancy.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a taxa de aceitação do dispositivo intrauterino pós-placentário (DIUPP); os motivos de recusa e propor medidas que aumentem sua aceitação. MéTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal realizado no Hospital da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil. O DIUPP foi oferecido a mulheres admitidas em trabalho de parto que não apresentavam: infecções, malformação uterina, gravidez gemelar, parto prematuro e com idade mínima de 18 anos. Em caso de recusa, perguntou-se o motivo, e as respostas foram agrupadas em informações equivocadas sobre contracepção ou outros motivos. Considerou-se informação equivocada: medo de dor, sangramentos, falha da contracepção e prejuízo da fertilidade. Análises bivariadas foram realizadas. RESULTADOS: Entre 241 mulheres, a taxa de recusa foi de 41,9%. A desinformação correspondeu a 50,5% de todos os motivos de recusa, que foram: medo da dor (39,9%); medo da falha da contracepção (4,9%); medo de sangramento (3,9%), medo de o dispositivo intrauterino (DIU) prejudicar a fertilidade (1,9%). Outros motivos de recusa atingem 49,5%. Parturientes com idade entre 18 e 27 anos recusaram o PPIUD com mais frequência devido a desinformação (67,4%), e as mais velhas (com idade entre 28 e 43 anos) recusaram com frequência devido a outros motivos (63,6%) (p = 0,002). Houve diferença entre a idade média de quem recusou o PPIUD por desinformação (27,3 ± 6,4 anos) em comparação com outras razões (29,9 ± 5,9 anos), (p = 0,017). Além disso, ambos os grupos apresentaram altas taxas de recusa por desinformação, de 67,4 e 36,4%, respectivamente. CONCLUSãO: A recusa do DIUPP foi alta, principalmente entre as mulheres jovens e por desinformação. Diante disso, é necessário o desenvolvimento de medidas educativas durante o pré-natal e aconselhar as mulheres sobre contracepção, saúde reprodutiva e gravidez indesejada.

One-year follow up on post-placental IUD insertion: A randomized clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: Our objectives were to compare the 1-year follow-up clinical performance of the TCu380A intrauterine device (TCu380A-IUD) and levonorgestrel (LNG) 52-mg intrauterine system (IUS) inserted at post-placental period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted an open-label, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial, 1:1 with pregnant women admitted for childbirth independently of the mode of birth. Our primary outcome was expulsion up to 1 year after device placement by type of IUD and mode of delivery. During the follow up (42, 90 and 365 days (±7 days) after device placement), an ultrasound was performed to evaluate the device position. Kaplan-Meier with log-rank test was used to compare the survival curves of the TCu380A IUD and the LNG IUS. Couple-Years of Protection after insertion of both devices was calculated. RESULTS: One hundred and forty women were randomized to the TCu380A IUD (n = 70) or the LNG IUS (n = 70). By the end of the first year after device placement, 38 women experienced device expulsion (27.1%), most of them (33/38; 86.8%) within the first 42 days after delivery. The expulsions were significantly higher among users of TCu380A IUD (39.4%) than among users of the LNG IUS (22.2%; P = .039), and among those with vaginal delivery (43.8%) than among women with cesarean delivery (15%; P = .003). The 1-year cumulative continuation rate was 64.2%, significantly higher for LNG IUS (73.1%) than for TCu380A IUD (54.4%; P = .03), and among women with cesarean delivery (77.6%) than for vaginal delivery (52%; P = .00). The post-placental IUD insertion provided 356.4 Couple-Years of Protection. CONCLUSIONS: Two-thirds of women who accepted a post-placental IUD placement still used the device 1 year after childbirth. However, expulsion was the most prevalent reason for discontinuation, mainly within 42 days after device placement. The expulsion rate was significantly higher among TCu380A IUD users and among women with vaginal delivery.

Diagnostic Value of the Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio, and Thrombocytosis in the Preoperative Investigation of Ovarian Masses.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and complete blood count (CBC) parameters, such as the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and thrombocytosis in patients with ovarian masses. METHODS: The present is a retrospective study conducted at a single tertiary hospital from January 2010 to November 2016. We included consecutive women referred due to suspicious adnexal masses. The CBC and CA125 were measured in the serum of 528 women with ovarian masses before surgery or biopsy. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of the NLR, PLR, platelets (PLTs), CA125, and the associations between them. We tested the clinical utility of the CBC parameters and CA125 in the discrimination of ovarian masses through decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS: The best balance between sensitivity and specificity was obtained by the associations of CA125 or PLTs ≥ 350/nL, with 70.14% and 71.66%, CA125 or PLTs ≥ 400/nL, with 67.30% and 81.79%, CA125 or PLR, with 76.3% and 64.87%, and CA125 or NLR, with 71.09% and 73.89% respectively. In the DCA, no isolated CBC parameter presented a higher clinical utility than CA125 alone. CONCLUSION: We showed that no CBC parameter was superior to CA125 in the prediction of the malignancy of ovarian tumors in the preoperative scenario.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a acurácia diagnóstica do antígeno de câncer 125 (cancer antigen 125, CA125, em inglês) e dos parâmetros do hemograma como as razões neutrófilo/linfócito (RNL), plaqueta/linfócito (RPL), e trombocitose em pacientes com massas ovarianas. MéTODOS: Este é um estudo retrospectivo realizado em um hospital terciário no período de janeiro de 2010 a novembro de 2016. Foram incluídas de forma consecutiva mulheres encaminhadas por massas anexiais suspeitas. Foram dosados hemogramas e CA125 no soro de 528 mulheres com massas ovarianas antes da cirurgia ou biópsia. Foram avaliados os desempenhos diagnósticos da RNL, da RPL, das plaquetas (PLQs) e do CA125, considerando-os isoladamente e associados entre si. Testamos a utilidade clínica dos parâmetros do hemograma e do CA125 na discriminação das massas ovarianas por análise de curva de decisão (ACD). RESULTADOS: Os melhores equilíbrios entre sensibilidade e especificidade foram obtidos por meio das associações do CA125 ou PLQs ≥ 350/nL, com 70,14% e 71,66%, CA125 ou PLQs ≥ 400/nL, com 67,30% e 81,79%, CA125 ou RPL, com 76,3% e 64,87%, e CA125 ou RNL, com 71,09% e 73,89%, respectivamente. CONCLUSãO: Na ACD, nenhum parâmetro do hemograma isolado se mostrou superior ao CA125 na predição de malignidade de tumores ovarianos no pré-operatório.

Postplacental placement of intrauterine devices: A randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the expulsion rate of the TCu380A intrauterine device (IUD) or levonorgestrel (LNG) 52 mg intrauterine system (IUS) up to 90 days after postplacental placement (10 min after delivery of the placenta). STUDY DESIGN: Randomized trial (1:1) of women aged 18-43 years and ≥37 weeks pregnant enrolled during early or prodromal labor at the University of Campinas, Brazil. Follow-up was scheduled at 42 and 90 days after device placement. We confirmed the IUD or IUS location using ultrasonography. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess variables associated with expulsion. RESULTS: We enrolled 140 women, and assigned 70 to the TCu380A IUD and 70 to the IUS groups. By the 90-day follow-up visit, 22/60 women (36.7%) in the TCu380A IUD group had expelled the device, as had 12/60 women in the IUS group (20%). Thirty-three of the 34 expulsions had occurred by the 42-day visit. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the expulsion odds ratio ([OR]; 95% confidence interval [CI]) was higher after vaginal delivery than after Cesarean delivery (OR 5.60; 95% CI 2.08-15.10; P < 0.00) and higher among women with one (OR 4.38; 95% CI 1.33-14.43; P 0.00) or three or more deliveries (including the present one) (OR 6.08; 95% CI 1.78-20.77; P 0.00) than those with two deliveries. CONCLUSIONS: Postplacental TCu380A IUD placement had a higher expulsion rate than the IUS, and the expulsion rate was higher among women who had a vaginal delivery than those who had a Cesarean delivery. Most of the expulsions occurred within 42 days. IMPLICATIONS: Policy makers should increase the availability of both the TCu380A and the LNG intrauterine devices for the immediate postpartum period, even though the expulsion rate is higher than that after interval placement.