RESUMO
Inborn and acquired deficits of type I interferon (IFN) immunity predispose to life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia. We longitudinally profiled the B cell response to mRNA vaccination in SARS-CoV-2 naive patients with inherited TLR7, IRF7, or IFNAR1 deficiency, as well as young patients with autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs due to autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type-1 (APS-1) and older individuals with age-associated autoantibodies to type I IFNs. The receptor-binding domain spike protein (RBD)-specific memory B cell response in all patients was quantitatively and qualitatively similar to healthy donors. Sustained germinal center responses led to accumulation of somatic hypermutations in immunoglobulin heavy chain genes. The amplitude and duration of, and viral neutralization by, RBD-specific IgG serological response were also largely unaffected by TLR7, IRF7, or IFNAR1 deficiencies up to 7 mo after vaccination in all patients. These results suggest that induction of type I IFN is not required for efficient generation of a humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 by mRNA vaccines.
Assuntos
Linfócitos B , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Interferon Tipo I , Humanos , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Anticorpos Antivirais , Autoanticorpos , COVID-19/imunologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , SARS-CoV-2 , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/genética , Receptor 7 Toll-Like/genética , Vacinação , Vacinas de mRNA , Vacinas contra COVID-19/imunologia , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Interferon Tipo I/deficiênciaRESUMO
BNAR syndrome (MIM608980) is a very rare condition: nine cases belonging to three unrelated families were reported since its first description in 2002. The distinctive clinical feature is the bifidity of the tip of the nose and its association with anorectal and/or renal anomalies. Its molecular basis consisting of biallelic FREM1 missense or nonsense mutations was elucidated after studying the original Egyptian family and was confirmed in two families originating from Afghanistan and Pakistan. We describe a fourth family originating from Turkey with signs challenging the diagnostic criteria suggested by the description of the three reported families.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Hipertelorismo/genética , Doenças Nasais/genética , Nariz/anormalidades , Receptores de Interleucina/genética , Anormalidades Múltiplas/fisiopatologia , Coloboma/genética , Coloboma/fisiopatologia , Egito/epidemiologia , Humanos , Hipertelorismo/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Anormalidades Musculoesqueléticas/genética , Anormalidades Musculoesqueléticas/fisiopatologia , Nariz/fisiopatologia , Doenças Nasais/fisiopatologia , Paquistão/epidemiologia , Fenótipo , Anormalidades do Sistema Respiratório , Turquia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence is rising in many countries, supposedly because of changing environmental factors, which are yet largely unknown. The purpose of the study was to unravel environmental markers associated with T1D. METHODS: Cases were children with T1D from the French Isis-Diab cohort. Controls were schoolmates or friends of the patients. Parents were asked to fill a 845-item questionnaire investigating the child's environment before diagnosis. The analysis took into account the matching between cases and controls. A second analysis used propensity score methods. RESULTS: We found a negative association of several lifestyle variables, gastroenteritis episodes, dental hygiene, hazelnut cocoa spread consumption, wasp and bee stings with T1D, consumption of vegetables from a farm and death of a pet by old age. CONCLUSIONS: The found statistical association of new environmental markers with T1D calls for replication in other cohorts and investigation of new environmental areas. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical-Trial.gov NCT02212522 . Registered August 6, 2014.