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1.
Eur J Appl Physiol ; 2024 Jul 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39068628

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to assess the association between net mechanical efficiency (NME) and body composition and glycemic profile, in middle-aged (38.3 ± 14.3 years) participants from the Quebec Family Study (QFS). Analyses were completed on a sample of 605 participants (271 males and 334 females) who performed a submaximal exercise test on an ergometer consisting of three consecutive 6-min workloads at increasing intensity during which respiratory gas exchange was assessed. The calculation of NME [power output/ (vO2-vO2seated before exercise)] was based on the values of the last 3 min of the first workload at a targeted power output of 30 W. Correlations between NME and dependent variables were computed separately in males and females. Associations between NME and body composition and glucose-insulin variables were assessed by comparing groups of subjects categorized in sex-specific tertiles of NME after adjustments for age. Significant negative correlations were observed between NME and body composition and glycemic profile in both sexes. Comparison across tertiles showed that individuals with high NME displayed more favorable adiposity and glycemic profiles. These differences remained significant after further adjustments for participation in vigorous physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and mean exercise respiratory exchange ratio whereas most differences in glucose-insulin variables became non-significant after further adjustment for percent body fat. QFS familial data indicate that the heritability of NME reaches about 30%. In conclusion, the results of this study show that beyond aerobic fitness and physical activity-participation, mechanical efficiency is an additional activity-related variable that is independently associated with variations in body composition and glycemic profile.

2.
Metabolites ; 12(9)2022 Sep 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36144265

RESUMO

Systemic hypertension has been recognized as a modifiable traditional cardiovascular risk factor and influenced by many factors such as eating habits, physical activity, diabetes, and obesity. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to identify factors that predict changes in blood pressure induced by a one-year lifestyle intervention in primary care settings involving a collaboration between family physicians, dietitians, and exercise specialists. Patients with metabolic syndrome diagnosis were recruited by family physicians participating in primary care lifestyle intervention among several family care clinics across Canada. Participants for whom all cardiometabolic data at the beginning (T0) and the end (T12) of the one-year intervention were available were included in the present analysis (n = 101). Patients visited the dietitian and the exercise specialist weekly for the first three months and monthly for the last nine months. Diet quality, exercise capacity, anthropometric indicators, and cardiometabolic variables were evaluated at T0 and at T12. The intervention induced a statistically significant decrease in waist circumference (WC), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and plasma triglycerides, and an increase in cardiorespiratory fitness (estimated VO2max). Body weight (p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001), and fasting blood glucose (p = 0.006) reduction, and VO2max increase (p = 0.048) were all related to changes in SBP. WC was the only variable for which changes were significantly correlated with those in both SBP (p < 0.0001) and DBP (p = 0.0004). Variations in DBP were not associated with changes in other cardiometabolic variables to a statistically significant extent. Twelve participants were identified as adverse responders (AR) in both SBP and DBP and displayed less favorable changes in WC. The beneficial effects of the primary care lifestyle intervention on blood pressure were significantly associated with cardiometabolic variables, especially WC. These findings suggest that a structured lifestyle intervention in primary care can help improve cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome and that WC should be systematically measured to better stratify the patient's hypertension risk.

3.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab ; 46(7): 763-770, 2021 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33667123

RESUMO

Physical activity is favourably considered for its effect on metabolic fitness and body composition. This observation is generally supported by observational studies and is concordant with endurance-trained individuals' metabolic and morphological profiles. However, in some contexts, the measurement of physical activity habits may not provide an adequate representation of its benefits. In this paper, we review relevant literature on the respective effects of fitness and physical activity on anthropometric and metabolic variables and the informative potential of a classification based on aerobic fitness and activity indicators. The relevance to defining a profile based on both fitness and activity is reinforced by data from the Quebec Family Study showing that, in both men and women, "fit-active" individuals displayed a much more favourable morphological and metabolic profile than "unfit-inactive" individuals. Moreover, these benefits seemed to be more related to variations in fitness than in physical activity. In summary, evidence suggests that a profile combining information on aerobic fitness and physical activity may better reflect the lifelong impact of physical activity on body composition and health. Novelty: The fit-active profile better reflects the long-term benefits of vigorous physical activity participation on health. The reported benefits seem to be more related to variations in aerobic fitness than to those in physical activity.


Assuntos
Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Estilo de Vida Saudável/fisiologia , Antropometria , Biomarcadores/sangue , Composição Corporal , Fatores de Risco Cardiometabólico , Metabolismo Energético , Humanos
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