Prognostic Scores for Mortality in Invasive Mechanically Ventilated Burn Patients.

INTRODUCTION: Managing burn patients is a challenge requiring a multidisciplinary team with the ability to predict complications and act early to avoid them. There are few studies characterizing the population of critically ill burn patients in need of ventilatory support. This study aimed to describe the population of burn patients in need of invasive mechanical ventilation support and assess in-hospital mortality and the factors associated with it. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A longitudinal retrospective study was conducted, including burn patients admitted to a tertiary hospital burn unit over five consecutive years, who required invasive mechanical ventilation support during their hospitalization. Demographic data, comorbidities, characteristics of the injury scene, etiology, and characteristics of the burn were collected. Length of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization as well as mortality rate were evaluated. The determination of mortality predictors and the prognostic performance of mortality prediction scores were analyzed. A one-year follow-up was performed to evaluate the survival of discharged patients. RESULTS: A total of 141 patients were included in this study; 68.1% patients were male with a median age of 58 years. The mean percentage of total body surface area (TBSA) burned was 24.5%. Home incidents were the most frequent, and fire was the most common cause of burns (80.9% of patients). The mean Abbreviated Burn Severity Index Score (ABSI) was 7.83, with an area under the curve in receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis (AUC_ROC) of 0.725; the mean Belgium Outcome of Burn Injury (BOBI) score was 3.45, with AUC_ROC of 0.740 and mean R-Baux of 89.1 and AUC_ROC of 0.834. The mean duration of invasive mechanical ventilation was 16.9±19.3 days. Age (p<0.001), length of mechanical ventilation (p<0.001), length of hospitalization (p<0.001), higher degree of burn (p=0.001), TBSA (p=0.040), and the presence of buttock burn (0.006) were associated with mortality in this sample. In-hospital mortality was 29.8%. The survival group had a 12% death rate at one-year follow-up, mostly in the first three months after discharge. CONCLUSION: Age, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of hospitalization, higher degree of burn, TBSA, and the presence of buttock burn were associated with mortality in this sample. R-Baux score was the most accurate test score to predict mortality in this challenging group of patients.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection for rectal neuroendocrine tumours: A multicentric retrospective study.

INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) has been reported as a feasible and effective treatment for Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumours (R-NETs). However, most of the experience on the topic comes from retrospective tertiary centre from Eastern Asia. Data on ESD for R-NETs in Western centres are lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study, including patients who underwent endoscopic resection of R-NETS by ESD between 2015 and 2020 in Western Centres. Important clinical variables such as demographic, size of R-NETs, histological type, presence of lymphovascular invasion or distant metastasis, completeness of the endoscopic resection, recurrence, and procedure related complications were recorded. RESULTS: 40 ESD procedure on R-NETs from 39 patients from 8 centres were included. Mean R-NETs size was 10.3 mm (SD 4.01). Endoscopic en-bloc resection was achieved in 39/40 ESD (97.5 %), R0 margin resection was obtained in 87.5 % (35/40) of the procedures, one patient was referred to surgery for lymphovascular invasion, two procedures (5 %) reported significant episodes of bleeding, whereas a perforation occurred in one case (1/40, 2.5 %) managed endoscopically. Recurrence occurred in 1 patient (2.5 %). CONCLUSION: ESD is an effective and safe treatment for R-NETs in western centres.

Higher frequency of gastric neoplasia in advanced chronic liver disease patients: Impact of screening endoscopy in an intermediate-high risk country.

BACKGROUND: The Baveno VII guidelines were proposed to identify which patients could safely avoid screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for gastroesophageal varices. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of gastric neoplasia in compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) patients who underwent EGD for screening of gastroesophageal varices (GOEV) compared to a healthy population. METHODS: Retrospective study that enrolled all cACLD patients who underwent EGD for GOEV screening (January 2008-June 2018) in a tertiary reference center. cACLD patients were compared with asymptomatic healthy individuals who underwent EGD in a private hospital setting (April 2017-March 2018). RESULTS: We evaluated 1845 patients (481 cACLD patients, 1364 healthy individuals). A significantly higher frequency of gastric neoplasia was observed in patients with cACLD compared to healthy individuals (4.0% vs. 1.0 %; p < 0.001). Rare histopathological subtypes (WHO Classification) accounted for 28.7 % of gastric carcinoma cases in the cACLD cohort. Seven cases of gastric neoplasia (36.8 % of gastric neoplasia cases in the cACLD patients) were diagnosed in patients who, according to the Baveno VII criteria, would have not been submitted to EGD. CONCLUSION: We found an increased frequency of gastric neoplasia in patients with cACLD in comparison with healthy individuals. In countries with intermediate-high risk for GC, continuing to perform EGD could be beneficial.

Inflammatory biomarkers and perinatal depression: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Approximately 10 to 20% of pregnant women worldwide experience perinatal depression (PND), a depressive episode with onset during pregnancy or after childbirth. We performed a systematic review to identify, summarize and discuss studies on inflammatory biomarkers described in relation to PND. METHOD: Inclusion criteria defined the selection of observational studies written in English, French, Spanish or Portuguese, that evaluate analytical levels of inflammatory molecules (protein levels) in biological fluids in women, with a diagnosis of depression using ICD/DSM diagnostic criteria or depressive symptoms assessed by standardized psychometric instruments, during pregnancy and/or postpartum. Case reports, experimental studies, reviews, qualitative analysis, meta-analysis, gray literature or replicated data were excluded. Three electronic databases were used for search (Pubmed, Web of Science and PsychInfo) and quality assessment of selected studies were performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data extraction included study design; number of subjects; obstetric information; tools and timepoints of depression and inflammatory markers assessment. RESULTS: 56 studies (sample size for cross-sectional and case-control studies ranging from 10 to 469; sample size for longitudinal studies ranging from 26 to 467), where the major aim was to analyze the association between depression and inflammatory biomarkers during pregnancy and postpartum period were included in this systematic review. Overall, the findings of our systematic review lend support to the hypothesis that several inflammatory markers may be associated with peripartum depressive symptoms. The associations were somewhat different looking at pregnancy compared to the delivery time-point and postpartum, and mainly referred to increased levels of IL-6, IL-8, CRP and TNF-α among depressed. DISCUSSION: In summary, our systematic review findings provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that several inflammatory markers may correlate with peripartum depressive symptoms. However, our work also highlighted notable differences in the timing of biological sampling for inflammatory markers and in the methodologies used to assess depression during the perinatal period. Additionally, variations were observed in how inflammatory biomarkers and depression were approached, including their classification as exposure or outcome variables, and the timing of assessments. It is essential for future research to investigate the influence of biological fluids and the timing of assessments for both inflammatory biomarkers and depression to gain a deeper understanding of their association. This comprehensive exploration is pivotal for elucidating the intricate relationship between inflammation and perinatal depression.

Underwater Endoscopic Mucosal Resection Vs Conventional Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Superficial Nonampullary Duodenal Epithelial Tumors in the Western Setting.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (C-EMR) is established as the primary treatment modality for superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADETs), but recently underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (U-EMR) has emerged as a potential alternative. The majority of previous studies focused on Asian populations and small lesions (≤20 mm). We aimed to compare the efficacy and outcomes of U-EMR vs C-EMR for SNADETs in a Western setting. METHODS: This was a retrospective multinational study from 10 European centers that performed both C-EMR and U-EMR between January 2013 and July 2023. The main outcomes were the technical success, procedure-related adverse events (AEs), and the residual/recurrent adenoma (RRA) rate, evaluated on a per-lesion basis. We assessed the association between the type of endoscopic mucosal resection and the occurrence of AEs or RRAs using mixed-effects logistic regression models (propensity scores). Sensitivity analyses were performed for lesions ≤20 mm or >20 mm. RESULTS: A total of 290 SNADETs submitted to endoscopic resection during the study period met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed (C-EMR: n = 201, 69.3%; U-EMR: n = 89, 30.7%). The overall technical success rate was 95.5% and comparable between groups. In logistic regression models, compared with U-EMR, C-EMR was associated with a significantly higher frequency of overall delayed AEs (odds ratio [OR], 4.95; 95% CI, 2.87-8.53), postprocedural bleeding (OR, 7.92; 95% CI, 3.95-15.89), and RRAs (OR, 3.66; 95% CI, 2.49-5.37). Sensitivity analyses confirmed these results when solely considering either small (≤20 mm) or large (>20 mm) lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with C-EMR, U-EMR was associated with a lower rate of overall AEs and RRAs, regardless of lesion size. Our results confirm the possible role of U-EMR as an effective and safe technique in the management of SNADETs.

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Is Safe and Effective for Lesions Located at the Anorectal Junction: Analysis from Two Referral European Centers.

Introduction: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a well-established resection technique for colorectal superficial tumors, but its role in the treatment of anorectal junction (ARJ) lesions still remains to be determined. With this study, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of ESD for the resection of ARJ lesions, in comparison to more proximal rectal lesions. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data concerning all consecutive rectal ESD procedures performed in two European centers, from 2015 to 2021. Results: A total of two hundred and fifty-two rectal lesions were included. Sixty (24%) were ARJ lesions, and the remaining 192 (76%) were located proximally. Technical success was achieved in 248 procedures (98%), and its rate was similar in both locations (p = 0.246). Most of the lesions presented high-grade dysplasia/Tis adenocarcinoma (54%); 36 (15%) had submucosal adenocarcinoma, including 20 superficial (sm1) and 16 deeply invasive (>SM1) T1 cancers. We found no differences between ARJ and rectal lesions in regard to en bloc resection rate (100% vs. 96%, p = 0.204), R0 resection rate (76% vs. 75%, p = 0.531), curative resection rate (70% vs. 70%, p = 0.920), procedures' median duration (120 min vs. 90 min, p = 0.072), ESD velocity (14 vs. 12 mm2/min, p = 0.415), histopathology result (p = 0.053), and the need for surgery due to a non-curative ESD (5% vs. 3%, p = 0.739). Also, there was no statistically significant difference that concerns delayed bleeding (7% vs. 8%, p = 0.709), perforation (0% vs. 5%, p = 0.075), or the need for readmission (2% vs. 2%, p = 0.939). Nevertheless, anorectal stenosis (5% vs. 0%, p = 0.003) and anorectal pain (9% vs. 1%, p = 0.002) were significantly more frequent in ARJ lesions. Conclusion: ESD is a safe and efficient resection technique for the treatment of rectal lesions located in the ARJ.

Introdução: A dissecção endoscópica da submucosa (ESD) é uma técnica endoscópica com demonstrada eficácia nas lesões neoplásicas superficiais colorectais. No entanto, a evidência da sua eficácia nas lesões localizadas na junção ano-rectal é escassa. O nosso objectivo foi avaliar a segurança e eficácia da ESD nas lesões da junção anorectal (menos de 2 cm da linha pectínea), em comparação com as lesões mais proximais do recto. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de registos colhidos prospectivamente de dois centros europeus de referência, entre 2015 e 2021. Resultados: Foram incluídas 252 lesões. Sessenta (24%) localizavam-se na junção ano-rectal, e as restantes 192 noutro local do recto. O sucesso técnico foi de 98% (n = 248) e foi semelhante nas 2 localizações (p = 0.246). A maioria das lesões eram displasias de alto grau/Tis (54%); 36 (15%) tinham adenocarcinoma submucoso, tendo 20 invasão submucosa superficial (sm1) e 16 invasão profunda (>SM1). Não foram encontradas diferenças entre as duas localizações relativamente às taxas de ressecção em bloco (100% vs. 96%, p = 0.204), R0 (76% vs. 75%, p = 0.531), ou curativa (70% vs. 70%, p = 0.920), duração da ESD (mediana 120 min vs. 90 min, p = 0.072), velocidade da ESD (14 vs. 12 mm2/min, p = 0.415) ou resultado histológico (p = 0.053), assim como na necessidade de cirurgia por ESD não curativa (5% vs. 3%, p = 0.739). Além disso, as taxas de hemorragia tardia (7% vs. 8%, p = 0.709), perfuração (0% vs. 5%, p = 0.075) e necessidade de internamento por complicações (2% vs. 2%, p = 0.939) não revelaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas. A estenose ano-rectal (5% vs. 0%, p = 0.003) e a dor ano-rectal (9% vs. 1%, p = 0.002) foram mais frequentes nas lesões da junção ano-rectal. Conclusão: A ESD é uma técnica segura e eficaz no tratamento das lesões do recto localizadas na junção ano-rectal.

Predicting residual neoplasia after a non-curative gastric ESD: validation and modification of the eCura system in the Western setting: the W-eCura score.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM) after a non-curative (NC) gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and to validate and eventually refine the eCura scoring system in the Western setting. Also, to assess the rate and risk factors for parietal residual disease. DESIGN: Retrospective multicentre multinational study of prospectively collected registries from 19 Western centres. Patients who had been submitted to surgery or had at least one follow-up endoscopy were included. The eCura system was applied to assess its accuracy in the Western setting, and a modified version was created according to the results (W-eCura score). The discriminative capacities of the eCura and W-eCura scores to predict LNM were assessed and compared. RESULTS: A total of 314 NC gastric ESDs were analysed (72% high-risk resection (HRR); 28% local-risk resection). Among HRR patients submitted to surgery, 25% had parietal disease and 15% had LNM in the surgical specimen. The risk of LNM was significantly different across the eCura groups (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) of 0.900 (95% CI 0.852 to 0.949)). The AUC-ROC of the W-eCura for LNM (0.916, 95% CI 0.870 to 0.961; p=0.012) was significantly higher compared with the original eCura. Positive vertical margin, lymphatic invasion and younger age were associated with a higher risk of parietal residual lesion in the surgical specimen. CONCLUSION: The eCura scoring system may be applied in Western countries to stratify the risk of LNM after a gastric HRR. A new score is proposed that may further decrease the number of unnecessary surgeries.

Risk of Residual Neoplasia after a Local-Risk Resection of Colorectal Lesions by Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Multinational Study.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in colorectal lesions is demanding, and a significant rate of non-curative procedures is expected. We aimed to assess the rate of residual lesion after a piecemeal ESD resection, or after an en bloc resection but with positive horizontal margins (local-risk resection-LocRR), for colorectal benign neoplasia. A retrospective multicenter analysis of consecutive colorectal ESDs was performed. Patients with LocRR ESDs for the treatment of benign colorectal lesions with at least one follow-up endoscopy were included. A cohort of en bloc resected lesions, with negative margins, was used as the control. A total of 2255 colorectal ESDs were reviewed; 352 of the ESDs were "non-curative". Among them, 209 were LocRR: 133 high-grade dysplasia and 76 low-grade dysplasia. Ten cases were excluded due to missing data. A total of 146 consecutive curative resections were retrieved for comparison. Compared to the "curative group", LocRRs were observed in lengthier procedures, with larger lesions, and in non-granular LSTs. Recurrence was higher in the LocRR group (16/199, 8% vs. 1/146, 0.7%; p = 0.002). However, statistical significance was lost when considering only en bloc resections with positive horizontal margins (p = 0.068). In conclusion, a higher rate of residual lesion was found after a piecemeal ESD resection, but not after an en bloc resection with positive horizontal margins.

Identifying Clinical Predictors of Proliferative Sickle Cell Retinopathy.

PURPOSE: To identify systemic and/or ophthalmologic predictors of proliferative sickle retinopathy. METHODS: Cross-sectional study comparing clinical, laboratory, and structural choriorretinal aspects between sickle cell disease patients with and without proliferative retinopathy. Patients underwent complete systemic and ophthalmologic evaluation. Enhanced depth spectral domain optical coherence tomography with choroidal binarization and optic coherence tomography angiography were performed and choriorretinal vascular components were compared. RESULTS: Forty-five eyes from 45 sickle cell patients were included. Ninety-one percent of patients were diagnosed with sickle cell retinopathy, 29% with proliferative retinopathy. Mean corpuscular volume, lactate dehydrogenase, and percentage of fetal hemoglobin were reduced in the subgroup of patients with proliferative retinopathy when compared with patients without proliferative retinopathy (p ≤ 0.001; p = 0.04; p ≤ 0.001, respectively). The best predictor of proliferative retinopathy was mean corpuscular volume (AUC = 0.842; p = 0.001), followed by the percentage of fetal hemoglobin (AUC = 0.763, p = 0.009) and lactate dehydrogenase (AUC curve = 0.706; p = 0.039). No differences were found between groups in the quantitative analysis of retinal vascularization using OCTA and choroidal vascularization using OCT (p ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSION: Fetal hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume may be good predictors of proliferative sickle retinopathy. The association between proliferative retinopathy and reduced levels of lactate dehydrogenase and mean corpuscular volume points to hypoxia and not hemolysis as a possible driving force in its pathophysiology.

Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of small bowel lymphomas: a retrospective single-center study.

Background: There is little information on diagnosis and management of small bowel lymphomas, and optimal management strategies are still undefined. This study aims to describe their main clinical and pathological characteristics and identify poor prognostic factors. Methods: A retrospective observational study of all patients with histological diagnosis of small bowel lymphoma between January 2010 and December 2020 was performed. Results: We included 40 patients, with male predominance (60%) and mean age of 60.7 years. The ileum was the most common location, and the most common histological subtypes were follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Clinical presentation was variable from asymptomatic patients (30%) to acute surgical complications (35%) including perforation, intestinal obstruction, ileal intussusception, or severe bleeding. Diagnosis was established by endoscopy in 22 patients (55%), and the most common findings included polyps, single mass, diffuse infiltration, or ulceration, whereas 18 (45%) required surgery because of acute presentations or tumor resection, and lymphoma was diagnosed postoperatively. Surgery was curative in one-third of those patients. Median survival was 52 months. Acute presentation (P = 0.001), symptomatic disease (P = 0.003), advanced stage (P = 0.008), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (P = 0.007), anemia (P = 0.006), hypoalbuminemia (P < 0.001), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (P = 0.02), elevated C-reactive protein (P < 0.001), and absence of treatment response (P < 0.001) were significant predictors of mortality. Conclusion: Small bowel lymphoma is a rare malignancy with diverse clinical and endoscopic presentations that require a high index of suspicion. Primary factors associated with worse outcome included acute presentation, advanced stage, histological subtype, biochemical abnormalities, and absence of treatment response.

CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HEPATIC LYMPHOMAS: A RETROSPECTIVE SINGLE-CENTER STUDY.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of hepatic lymphoma has been increasing recently and diagnosis can be challenging as clinical presentation and radiological findings are usually variable and non-specific. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to describe their main clinical, pathological and imaging characteristics and identify poor prognostic factors. METHODS: A retrospective study that included all patients with histological diagnosis of liver lymphoma over a 10-year period at our center was performed. RESULTS: A total of 36 patients were identified, with mean age of 56.6 years and male predominance (58%). There were three patients with primary liver lymphoma (8.3%) and 33 with secondary liver lymphoma (91.7%). The most common histological type was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (33.3%). The most common clinical manifestations included fever, lymphadenopathy, weight loss, night sweats and abdominal discomfort; three patients (11.1%) were asymptomatic. Computed tomography scan revealed heterogenous radiological patterns including a single nodule (26.5%), multiple nodules (41.2%) or diffuse infiltration (32.4%). The mortality rate during follow-up was 55.6%. Higher levels of C-reactive protein (P=0.031) and absence of treatment response (P<0.001) were significantly associated with higher mortality. CONCLUSION: Hepatic lymphoma is a rare disease that may involve liver as part of a systemic disease or, less commonly, be confined to this organ. Clinical presentation and radiological findings are often variable and non-specific. It is associated with high mortality and poor prognostic factors include higher levels of C-reactive protein and absence of response to treatment.

Memory footprint: Predictors of flashbulb and event memories of the 2016 Euro Cup final.

Two years after Portugal won the UEFA European Championship, we examined what the Portuguese remember of this momentous occasion. We investigated if flashbulb memories (FBMs) and event memories (EMs) were determined by distinct factors, and whether EM was a predictor of FBM. Participants responded to an online questionnaire about their FBM, EM and set of predictors. Structural equation modeling revealed that FBM and EM were associated with different pathways. Interest in football predicted importance which triggered emotional intensity which predicted personal rehearsal, a direct determinant of FBMs. On the other pathway, interest determined knowledge about football, the main predictor of EMs. Importantly, EM was a causal determinant of FBM which shows that the memory trace for the original event enhances memory for the reception context. The findings suggests that even though the two types of memories are determined by independent factors, they interact very closely.

Juvenile polyps with osseous metaplasia treated by endoscopic mucosal resection.

A 17-year-old male with no previous medical history presented with a 1-year history of rectal bleeding, mucus discharge and occasional rectal prolapse. Colonoscopy revealed several polypoidal growth masses in the distal rectum, formed by multiple sessile polyps with a glistening mucus-covered surface and fleshy, friable appearance, that coalesced forming large conglomerates. Given their complexity and large size, piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection of the rectal lesions was performed and histopathological examination revealed ulcerated polypoid mucosa with mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate in the lamina propria and dilated cystic mucus-filled glands. Remarkably, bony trabeculae surrounded by osteoblastic cells were also seen. These findings were consistent with juvenile polyps with foci of osseous metaplasia. Osseous metaplasia has been described in a wide variety of tissue types, such as prostate, uterus, breasts, lungs and urinary tract, with respect to both neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions. However, it is exceedingly rare in colonic polyps and, to the best of our knowledge, only 9 cases have been described in juvenile polyps.

Caracterização clínica e patológica dos linfomas hepáticos: um estudo retrospetivo unicêntrico / Clinical and pathological characterization of hepatic lymphomas: a retrospective single-center study

ABSTRACT Background: The incidence of hepatic lymphoma has been increasing recently and diagnosis can be challenging as clinical presentation and radiological findings are usually variable and non-specific. Objective The aims of this study were to describe their main clinical, pathological and imaging characteristics and identify poor prognostic factors. Methods A retrospective study that included all patients with histological diagnosis of liver lymphoma over a 10-year period at our center was performed. Results A total of 36 patients were identified, with mean age of 56.6 years and male predominance (58%). There were three patients with primary liver lymphoma (8.3%) and 33 with secondary liver lymphoma (91.7%). The most common histological type was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (33.3%). The most common clinical manifestations included fever, lymphadenopathy, weight loss, night sweats and abdominal discomfort; three patients (11.1%) were asymptomatic. Computed tomography scan revealed heterogenous radiological patterns including a single nodule (26.5%), multiple nodules (41.2%) or diffuse infiltration (32.4%). The mortality rate during follow-up was 55.6%. Higher levels of C-reactive protein (P=0.031) and absence of treatment response (P<0.001) were significantly associated with higher mortality. Conclusion Hepatic lymphoma is a rare disease that may involve liver as part of a systemic disease or, less commonly, be confined to this organ. Clinical presentation and radiological findings are often variable and non-specific. It is associated with high mortality and poor prognostic factors include higher levels of C-reactive protein and absence of response to treatment.

RESUMO Contexto A incidência de linfoma hepático tem aumentando recentemente e o diagnóstico pode ser desafiante, na medida em que a apresentação clínica e os achados imagiológicos são geralmente variáveis e inespecíficos. Objetivo: Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever suas principais características clínicas, patológicas e de imagem e identificar fatores de mau prognóstico. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospetivo que incluiu todos os pacientes com diagnóstico histológico de linfoma hepático num período de 10 anos no nosso centro. Resultados: Foram identificados 36 pacientes, com média de idade de 56,6 anos e predomínio de género masculino (58%). Havia três pacientes com linfoma hepático primário (8,3%) e 33 com linfoma hepático secundário (91,7%). O tipo histológico mais comum foi o linfoma difuso de grandes células B (33,3%). As manifestações clínicas mais comuns incluíram febre, linfadenopatia, emagrecimento, hipersudorese noturna e desconforto abdominal; 3 (11,1%) pacientes eram assintomáticos. A tomografia computadorizada revelou padrões radiológicos heterogêneos, incluindo um único nódulo (26,5%), múltiplos nódulos (41,2%) ou infiltração difusa (32,4%). A taxa de mortalidade durante o seguimento foi de 55,6%. Níveis mais elevados de proteína C reativa (P=0,031) e ausência de resposta ao tratamento (P<0,001) foram significativamente associados a maior mortalidade. Conclusão O linfoma hepático é uma doença rara que pode envolver o fígado como parte de uma doença sistêmica ou, menos comumente, estar confinado a este órgão. A apresentação clínica e os achados radiológicos são frequentemente variáveis e inespecíficos. Associa-se a elevada mortalidade e fatores de mau prognóstico incluem níveis mais elevados de proteína C reativa e ausência de resposta ao tratamento.

Risk of residual neoplasia after a noncurative colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection for malignant lesions: a multinational study.

BACKGROUND : Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in colorectal lesions is technically demanding and a significant rate of noncurative procedures is expected. We aimed to assess the rate of residual lesions after a noncurative ESD for colorectal cancer (CRC) and to establish predictive scores to be applied in the clinical setting. METHODS : Retrospective multicenter analysis of consecutive colorectal ESDs. Patients with noncurative ESDs performed for the treatment of CRC lesions submitted to complementary surgery or with at least one follow-up endoscopy were included. RESULTS : From 2255 colorectal ESDs, 381 (17 %) were noncurative, and 135 of these were performed in CRC lesions. A residual lesion was observed in 24 patients (18 %). Surgery was performed in 96 patients and 76 (79 %) had no residual lesion in the colorectal wall or in the lymph nodes. The residual lesion rate for sm1 cancers was 0 %, and for > sm1 cancers was also 0 % if no other risk factors were present. Independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis were poor differentiation and lymphatic permeation (NC-Lymph score). Risk factors for the presence of a residual lesion in the wall were piecemeal resection, poor differentiation, and positive/indeterminate vertical margin (NC-Wall score). CONCLUSIONS : Lymphatic permeation or poor differentiation warrant surgery owing to their high risk of lymph node metastasis, mainly in > sm1 cancers. In the remaining cases, en bloc and R0 resections resulted in a low risk of residual lesions in the wall. Our scores can be a useful tool for the management of patients who undergo noncurative colorectal ESDs.

Acute gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease with cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus superinfection in a patient with COVID-19.

A 60-year-old female was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia. After initial remission with chemotherapy, she relapsed and underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Two months later, she presented to emergency department with watery diarrhea, abdominal pain and fever. She also tested positive for SARS-CoV2 on nasopharyngeal swab by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and both cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were detected in peripheral blood. Flexible sigmoidoscopy showed diffuse edema, erythema and loss of vascular pattern with interspersed segments of mucosal denudation and exudate and bBiopsies revealed epithelial cell apoptosis, diffuse crypt atrophy and dropout, with ulceration and both CMV and EBV were detected in colon mucosa, consistent with acute severe gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease complicated by CMV and EBV superinfection. Despite starting therapy with methylprednisolone, ganciclovir and rituximab,she presented unfavorable evolution and died after 5 weeks.

Hepatic amyloidosis: a prevalence study and clinical characterization of a rare and severe disease.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Amyloidosis is a systemic disease characterized by extracellular deposition of amyloid protein, most commonly in the heart and kidney. Hepatic amyloidosis is a rare form of presentation that ranges from mild hepatomegaly and altered liver biochemical tests to acute liver failure. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of amyloidosis in patients undergoing liver biopsy and describe its main clinical characteristics and prognostic impact. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all patients with a histological diagnosis of hepatic amyloidosis between January 2010 and December 2019 was performed. MAJOR RESULTS: A total of 7 patients were identified from a total of 1773 liver biopsy procedures (0.4%), with a female predominance (6/7) and median age of diagnosis of 62 years. The most common clinical manifestations included hepatomegaly (4/7), jaundice (2/7) and peripheral edema (2/7), whereas 3/7 patients were asymptomatic. Every patient presented abnormalities in liver biochemical tests, more commonly cholestasis (6/7), but also cytolysis (4/7) or hyperbilirubinemia (2/7). Abnormal imaging findings included hepatomegaly, steatosis or parenchymal heterogeneity. In most patients (5/7), other organs were involved, most commonly with nephrotic syndrome (3/7) and infiltrative cardiomyopathy (3/7). The most common type was AA amyloidosis (3/7) followed by AL amyloidosis (2/7). The 1-year mortality rate was 43% and the median survival was 24 months. CONCLUSIONS: We report a low prevalence (0.4%) of amyloidosis among patients undergoing liver biopsy. Although rare, hepatic amyloidosis is associated with a dismal prognosis and a high index of suspicion is crucial to achieve an early diagnosis. .