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Time-temperature data for queso fresco (QF) cheese varieties stored in a residential refrigerator operating at 5°C and a predictive microbiology secondary model for Listeria monocytogenes in QF were used to estimate a refrigerator performance indicator (RPI) of microbial preservation. RPI values were used to assess how compressor technology (single [SS] and variable speed [VS]), ambient temperature (21.1°C [LT] and 32.2°C [HT]), and refrigerator load (22.5 kg regular load and 39 kg higher load) affected preservation performance. All deterministic and probabilistic RPI estimations slightly exceeded the desirable 1.0 value, i.e., the variable temperatures for the QF kept in the refrigerator were worse than keeping it constantly at the temperature recommended by food safety agencies for QF. Furthermore, the mean comparison of estimates of the time-temperature equivalent indicator previously developed by French researchers showed similar behavior to those observed for RPI. Finally, statistical analysis showed that Tambient was the factor with the highest impact on refrigerator performance because of its impact on the sample temperature increase during door openings and when exposed to ambient temperature during product use. This highlights the need to reduce the time for product temperature recovery by improving the compressor operation logic. Also important are consumer behavior changes such as a reduction in product exposure to ambient temperature and in the door opening duration and frequency. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study demonstrated how a quantitative tool (RPI) can assess refrigerator preservation performance. Although the findings presented can be applied to any cold chain segment, the data used was collected for its weakest link, the domestic refrigerator. Surveys show that 77% of them operate above the recommended 4°C. The RPI methodology is ready for use by refrigerator designers to assess performance improvements possible by modifications of the compressor operation logic. Moreover, it can be integrated into smart-hubs monitoring the frequency and duration of refrigerator door openings to inform consumers when their habits are compromising the preservation performance of the refrigerator.
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Rainbow trout is an important fish species for Peruvian artisanal aquaculture, comprising over 60 % of the total aquaculture production. However, their industry has been highly affected by several bacterial agents such as Yersinia ruckeri. This pathogen is the causative agent of Enteric Redmouth Disease, and causes high mortality in fingerlings and chronic infection in adult rainbow trout. To date, the immune response of rainbow trout against Y. ruckeri has been well studied in laboratory-controlled infection studies (i.e. intraperitoneal infection, bath immersion), however, the immune response during natural infection has not been explored. To address this, in this study, 35 clinically healthy O. mykiss without evidence of lesions or changes in behavior and 32 rainbow trout naturally infected by Y. ruckeri, were collected from semi-intensive fish farms located in the Central Highlands of Peru. To evaluate the effect on the immune response, RT-qPCR, western blotting, and ELISA were conducted using head kidney, spleen, and skin tissues to evaluate the relative gene expression and protein levels. Our results show a significant increase in the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines il1b, tnfa, and il6, as well as ifng in all three tissues, as well as increases in IL-1ß and IFN-γ protein levels. The endogenous pathway of antigen presentation showed to play a key role in defense against Y. ruckeri, due to the upregulation of mhc-I, tapasin, and b2m transcripts, and the significant increase of Tapasin protein levels in infected rainbow trout. None of the genes associated with the exogenous pathway of antigen presentation showed a significant increase in infected fish, suggesting that this pathway is not involved in the response against this intracellular pathogen. Finally, the transcripts of immunoglobulins IgM and IgT did not show a modulation, nor were the protein levels evaluated in this study.
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Imunidade Adaptativa , Doenças dos Peixes , Imunidade Inata , Oncorhynchus mykiss , Yersiniose , Yersinia ruckeri , Animais , Oncorhynchus mykiss/imunologia , Yersinia ruckeri/fisiologia , Yersiniose/veterinária , Yersiniose/imunologia , Doenças dos Peixes/imunologia , Imunidade Inata/genética , Proteínas de Peixes/genética , Proteínas de Peixes/imunologia , PeruRESUMO
Fast detection of viral infections is a key factor in the strategy for the prevention of epidemics expansion and follow-up. Hepatitis C is paradigmatic within viral infectious diseases and major challenges to elimination still remain. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an inexpensive, clean, safe method for quickly detecting viral infection in transmission vectors, aiding epidemic prevention. Our objective is to evaluate the combined potential of machine learning and NIRS global molecular fingerprint (GMF) from biobank sera as an efficient method for HCV activity discrimination in serum. GMF of 151 serum biobank microsamples from hepatitis C patients were obtained with a FT-NIR spectrophotometer in reflectance mode. Multiple scatter correction, smoothing and Saviztsky-Golay second derivative were applied. Spectral analysis included Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Bootstrap and L1-penalized classification. Microsamples of 70 µl were sufficient for GMF acquisition. Bootstrap evidenced significant difference between HCV PCR positive and negative sera. PCA renders a neat discrimination between HCV PCR-positive and negative samples. PCA loadings together with L1-penalized classification allow the identification of discriminative bands. Active virus positive sera are associated to free molecular water, whereas water in solvation shells is associated to HCV negative samples. Divergences in the water matrix structure and the lipidome between HCV negative and positive sera, as well as the relevance of prooxidants and glucose metabolism are reported as potential biomarkers of viral activity. Our proof of concept demonstrates that NIRS GMF of hepatitis C patients' sera aided by machine learning allows for efficient discrimination of viral presence and simultaneous potential biomarker identification.
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Hepacivirus , Hepatite C , Aprendizado de Máquina , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho/métodos , Hepatite C/sangue , Hepatite C/virologia , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Hepacivirus/isolamento & purificação , Análise de Componente Principal , Estudo de Prova de ConceitoRESUMO
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the main cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and carries virulence and resistance factors often found in mobilizable genetic elements, such as plasmids or pathogenicity islands (PAIs). UPEC is part of the extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), but hybrid strains possessing both diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) and ExPEC traits, termed "hypervirulent", present a significant health threat. This study assessed the prevalence of UPEC PAIs, ExPEC sequence types (ST), DEC genes, carbapenemase and extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypes, resistance genotypes, and plasmids in 40 clinical isolates of UPEC. Results showed that 72.5% of isolates had PAIs, mainly PAI IV536 (53%). ESBL phenotypes were found in 65% of ß-lactam-resistant isolates, with 100% of carbapenem-resistant isolates producing carbapenemase. The predominant ESBL gene was blaCTX-M-2 (60%), and the most common resistance gene in fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside-resistant isolates was aac(6')Ib (93%). Plasmids were present in 57% of isolates, and 70% belonged to the ST131 clonal group. Molecular markers for DEC pathotypes were detected in 20 isolates, with 60% classified as hybrid pathotypes. These findings indicate significant pathogenic potential and the presence of hybrid pathotypes in E. coli UTI clinical isolates in the Mexican population.
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Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common comorbidity of active pulmonary tuberculosis (APTB) that increases the risk of treatment failure during anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. Evaluating systemic inflammatory response could help determine differences in response to treatment between APTB patients and those with APTB and DM. Methodology To explore changes in systemic inflammation, measured by a set of inflammatory mediators in subjects with APTB and TBDM before and after six months of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, 30 APTB and nine TBDM subjects underwent cytokine testing, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-ß1) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, C-reactive protein by nephelometry, and sialic acid by colorimetric assay at baseline and following six months of standard anti-tuberculosis treatment. Sputum smear microscopy or molecular biology (Xpert MTB/RIF) was used for diagnosis, and sputum smear microscopy was performed monthly during the treatment of the patient with pulmonary tuberculosis to evaluate his evolution. Principal component analysis examined changes in the inflammatory status. Results Both groups showed negative sputum smear microscopy in the sixth month after starting anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. TGF-ß1 was found to be significantly higher in subjects with TBDM before treatment compared to APTB patients (p<0.001), and systemic inflammation continued only in TBDM subjects after treatment (accumulation and persistence of inflammatory mediators like IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-ß1, C-reactive protein, and sialic acid in blood). On the other hand, the mediators IFN-γ, C-reactive protein, and total sialic acid were found to be most influential in distinguishing pre- and post-treatment inflammatory response in subjects with APTB without DM. Conclusions Inflammatory mediators analyzed in combination, including IFN-γ, CRP, and total sialic acid, may be useful in evaluating the systemic inflammatory response in subjects with APTB and TBDM before and after anti-tuberculosis treatment. Determining these mediators revealed persistent systemic inflammation in TBDM subjects after six months of standard tuberculosis treatment, despite negative sputum smear microscopy results and good glycemic control. This suggests a need for inflammation-modulating therapies during tuberculosis control. Finally, monitoring sputum smear microscopy results alongside the determination of proposed inflammatory mediators (IFN-γ, CRP, and total sialic acid) are effective in evaluating the response to anti-tuberculosis treatment in APTB subjects without DM, warranting further investigation.
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Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) plays a dual role in cancer; it is both a pro- and an antitumorigenic cytokine, depending on the type of cancer. The deregulation of the IFN-γ canonic pathway is associated with several disorders, including vulnerability to viral infections, inflammation, and cancer progression. In particular, the interplay between lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and viral infections appears to exist in association with the deregulation of IFN-γ signaling. In this mini-review, we investigated the status of the IFN-γ signaling pathway and the expression level of its components in LUAD. Interestingly, a reduction in IFNGR1 expression seems to be associated with LUAD progression, affecting defenses against viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. In addition, alterations in the expression of IFNGR1 may inhibit the antiproliferative action of IFN-γ signaling in LUAD.
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Introduction: Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. are microorganisms referred as the ESKAPE group pathogens. These microorganisms have generated great concern in health institutions around the world since most of them have resistance to multiple antibiotics and cause most infections associated with healthcare, as well as community infections. The aim of this study was the analysis of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms of the ESKAPE group, recovered from clinical samples in 11 health institutions from Hermosillo and Ciudad Obregón in the State of Sonora, México, during the period from 2019 to 2020. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, observational, and temporality epidemiological study was carried out. A comparative and statistical analysis of antibiotic resistance was carried out using the chi-square test, and small values were analyzed using Fisher's exact test p ≤ 0.05. Results and discussion: All the ESKAPE group microorganisms showed significant differences in antibiotic resistance percentages between both cities. High resistance percentages for some antibiotics, like cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin were detected for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii.
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Acinetobacter baumannii , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Estudos Transversais , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , México , HumanosRESUMO
Brain physiology and morphology are vulnerable to chronic stress, impacting cognitive performance and behavior. However, functional compounds found in food may alleviate these alterations. White quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, Wild) seeds contain a high content of n-3 fatty acids, including alpha-linolenic acid. This study aimed to evaluate the potential neuroprotective role of a quinoa-based functional food (QFF) in rats. Prepubertal male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with rat chow or QFF (50% rat chow + 50% dehydrated quinoa seeds) and exposed or not to restraint stress protocol (2 h/day; 15 days). Four experimental groups were used: Non-stressed (rat chow), Non-stressed + QFF, Stressed (rat chow) and Stressed + QFF. Weight gain, locomotor activity (open field), anxiety (elevated plus maze, light-dark box), spatial memory (Y-maze), and dendritic length in the hippocampus were measured in all animals. QFF intake did not influence anxiety-like behaviors, while the memory of stressed rats fed with QFF improved compared to those fed with rat chow. Additionally, QFF intake mitigated the stress-induced dendritic atrophy in pyramidal neurons located in the CA3 area of the hippocampus. The results suggest that a quinoa-supplemented diet could play a protective role in the memory of chronically stressed rats.
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Chenopodium quinoa , Ratos , Animais , Masculino , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Aprendizagem em Labirinto , Suplementos Nutricionais , Hipocampo/fisiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile ducts (IPNB) is a rare disease in Western countries. The aim of this study was to compare tumor characteristics, management strategies, and outcomes between Western and Eastern patients who underwent surgical resection for IPNB. METHODS: A multi-institutional retrospective series of patients with IPNB undergoing surgery between January 2010 and December 2020 was gathered under the auspices of the European-African Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association (E-AHPBA), and at Nagoya University Hospital, Japan. RESULTS: A total of 85 patients (51% male; median age 66 years) from 28 E-AHPBA centers were compared to 91 patients (64% male; median age 71 years) from Nagoya. Patients in Europe had more multiple lesions (23% vs 2%, P < .001), less invasive carcinoma (42% vs 85%, P < .001), and more intrahepatic tumors (52% vs 24%, P < .001) than in Nagoya. Patients in Europe experienced less 90-day grade >3 Clavien-Dindo complications (33% vs 68%, P < .001), but higher 90-day mortality rate (7.0% vs 0%, P = .03). R0 resections (81% vs 82%) were similar. Overall survival, excluding 90-day postoperative deaths, was similar in both regions. DISCUSSION: Despite performing more extensive resections, the low perioperative mortality rate observed in Nagoya was probably influenced by a combination of patient-, tumor-, and surgery-related factors.
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Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares , Ductos Biliares Intra-Hepáticos , Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Feminino , Ductos Biliares Intra-Hepáticos/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Japão/epidemiologia , Doenças Raras/patologia , Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/patologia , Ductos Biliares/patologiaRESUMO
This work describes the achievements made towards geoconservation within the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) from the 1990s onwards. The key milestones in the recognition of geoconservation within the IUCN are presented. Initially, the IUCN's geoconservation efforts were focused on refining the criteria for World Heritage (WH) designation. Subsequently, the actions focused on spreading the geoconservation framework within the IUCN World Conservation Congresses (WCCs), the establishment of an expert group on geoconservation within the IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas (IUCN-WCPA) and the publication of guidelines for geoconservation. We describe how the inclusion within the IUCN membership of three organizations-two of them Spanish: The Geological Society of Spain (SGE) and the Society for the Defence of Geological and Mining Heritage (SEDPGYM); and one international, ProGEO-has been a key factor. These organizations have achieved the adoption of resolutions in which geoconservation, its vision, its principles and its definitions have been taken into account in the IUCN WCC (2008-2020 period), and have promoted the geoconservation conceptual framework among nature conservationists. We also analyse the progress made and offer a series of recommendations to improve geoconservation in the future adopting a more integrated approach to nature conservation within the IUCN. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Geodiversity for science and society'.
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Cyanacrylate is not free of complications and a more commonly used alternative in clinical practice are prostheses that have the disadvantage of migrating in these cases where there is no stenosis; however, with their fixation using a specific device, migrations are greatly reduced. A good alternative to cyanacrylate, especially in cases of orifices or large tracts in which complications may appear, are the prostheses, which are also easier to handle in clinical practice. Sometimes cancer patients have upper gastrointestinal complications no subsidiary to surgical treatment, like a tumor fistula, that contraindicate chemotherapy. In situations like this, endoscopic intervention can be a potentially profitable alternative that impacts the patient's prognosis.
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Malnutrition is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those on hemodialysis. Recently, our group described that a new oral nutritional supplement (ONS), specifically designed for malnourished (or at risk) hemodialysis patients with a "similar to the Mediterranean diet" pattern, improved caloric-protein intake, nutritional status and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidation. Our aim in this study was to evaluate whether the new ONS, associated with probiotics or not, may produce changes in miRNA's expression and its target genes in malnourished hemodialysis patients, compared to individualized diet recommendations. We performed a randomized, multicenter, parallel-group trial in malnourished hemodialysis patients with three groups (1: control (C) individualized diet (n = 11); 2: oral nutritional supplement (ONS) + placebo (ONS-PL) (n = 10); and 3: ONS + probiotics (ONS-PR) (n = 10)); the trial was open regarding the intake of ONS or individualized diet recommendations but double-blinded for the intake of probiotics. MiRNAs and gene expression levels were analyzed by RT-qPCR at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. We observed that the expression of miR-29a and miR-29b increased significantly in patients with ONS-PR at 3 months in comparison with baseline, stabilizing at the sixth month. Moreover, we observed differences between studied groups, where miR-29b expression levels were elevated in patients receiving ONS-PR compared to the control group in the third month. Regarding the gene expression levels, we observed a decrease in the ONS-PR group compared to the control group in the third month for RUNX2 and TNFα. TGFB1 expression was decreased in the ONS-PR group compared to baseline in the third month. PTEN gene expression was significantly elevated in the ONS-PR group at 3 months in comparison with baseline. LEPTIN expression was significantly increased in the ONS-PL group at the 3-month intervention compared to baseline. The new oral nutritional supplement associated with probiotics increases the expression levels of miR-29a and miR-29b after 3 months of intervention, modifying the expression of target genes with anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic actions. This study highlights the potential benefit of this oral nutritional supplement, especially associated with probiotics, in malnourished patients with chronic renal disease on hemodialysis.
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Nefropatias , Desnutrição , MicroRNAs , Probióticos , Humanos , Fibrose , Inflamação , Desnutrição/genética , Desnutrição/terapia , MicroRNAs/genética , Diálise Renal , Probióticos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Biomass cookstove food preparation is linked to aero-digestive cancers, mediated by ingested and inhaled carcinogens (e.g., heterocyclic amines, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). We investigated the association between gastric adenocarcinoma, wood cookstove use, H. pylori CagA infection and risk modification by variants in genes that metabolize and affect the internal dose of carcinogens. We conducted a population-based, case-control study (814 incident cases, 1049 controls) in rural Honduras, a high-incidence region with a homogeneous diet and endemic H. pylori infection, primarily with the high-risk CagA genotype. We investigated factors including wood cookstove use, H. pylori CagA serostatus, and 15 variants from 7 metabolizing genes, and the interactions between wood stove use and the genetic variants. Male sex (OR 2.0, 1.6-2.6), age (OR 1.04, 1.03-1.05), wood cookstove use (OR 2.3, 1.6-3.3), and CagA serostatus (OR 3.5, 2.4-5.1) and two SNPs in CYP1B1 (rs1800440 and rs1056836) were independently associated with gastric cancer in multivariate analysis. In the final multivariate model, a highly significant interaction (OR 3.1, 1.2-7.8) was noted between wood cookstove use and the rs1800440 metabolizing genotype, highlighting an important gene-environment interaction. Lifetime wood cookstove use associates with gastric cancer risk in the high-incidence regions of Central America, and the association is dependent on the rs1800440 genotype in CYP1B1. H. pylori CagA infection, wood cookstove use and the rs1800440 genotype, all of which are highly prevalent, informs who is at greatest risk from biomass cookstove use.
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Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Neoplasias Gástricas , Masculino , Humanos , Neoplasias Gástricas/etiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Fatores de Risco , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Madeira , Genótipo , América Central , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Infecções por Helicobacter/complicações , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Antígenos de Bactérias/genéticaRESUMO
We analyzed the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data of 6519 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (n = 3985), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 775), Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 163), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 781), Enterococcus faecium (n = 124), and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 691) from 43 centers in Mexico. AMR assays were performed using commercial microdilution systems (37/43) and the disk diffusion susceptibility method (6/43). The presence of carbapenemase-encoding genes was assessed using PCR. Data from centers regarding site of care, patient age, and clinical specimen were collected. According to the site of care, the highest AMR was observed in E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa isolates from ICU patients. In contrast, in A. baumannii, higher AMR was observed in isolates from hospitalized non-ICU patients. According to age group, the highest AMR was observed in the ≥60 years age group for E. coli, E. faecium, and S. aureus, and in the 19-59 years age group for A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa. According to clinical specimen type, a higher AMR was observed in E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa isolates from blood specimens. The most frequently detected carbapenemase-encoding gene in E. coli was blaNDM (84%).
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Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are interesting materials due to their excellent properties, such as their high strength-to-weight ratio, low thermal expansion, and high fatigue resistance. However, to meet the requirements for their assembly, the drilling processes involved should be optimized. Defects such as delamination, dimensional errors and poor internal surface finish can lead to the premature failure of parts when bolt-joined or rivet-connected. In addition, the characteristic anisotropy and heterogeneity of these materials, and the issues related to the temperature reached during drilling, make it difficult to obtain optimal cutting parameters or to achieve high material removal rates. This research focuses on the optimization of the CFRPs drilling process by means of experimental analysis-varying the feed and spindle speed-for two different types of commercial drills-a twist tool and a dagger tool. An automatic image processing methodology was developed for the evaluation of the dimensional accuracy and delamination of the holes. The optimization was carried out using a multi-objective regression technique based on the dimensional deviations, delamination and surface finish. The areas with favorable machining conditions have been delimited for both tools and the results indicate that the twist tool allows one to achieve more productive cutting conditions than the dagger tool, when the combination of low feeds and high spindle speeds are the conditions to be avoided.
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Follicular pancreatitis (FP) is an extremely odd entity characterized by the presence of a pseudotumor that histologically presents lymphoid aggregates and germinal centers. The authors present the case of a 67-year-old woman with epigastric pain and jaundice. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) was performed, revealing a 14x15 mm hypoechoic area with irregular edges in the head of the pancreas. The in situ cytological study showed polymorphic lymphoid cellularity, without atypia suggesting neoplasia. The cell block and the immunohistochemical study showed a polyclonal population with a pattern suggestive of FP. The patient presented spontaneous clinical improvement. The EUS follow up three months later shown pancreatic parenchyma with homogeneous echogenicity and no space occupying lesions were indentified. Since the diagnosis of FP has been reached after surgery in most cases, the treatment is not well established. However, no recurrences have been reported after surgery and spontaneous resolution has been observed in incomplete resections, which suggests the indication for conservative management. Diagnostic EUS has a fundamental role in the differential diagnosis between FP and pancreatic neoplasms, two entities with very different prognosis, and makes it possible to avoid, in the case of FP, unnecessary surgeries with the associated morbidity and mortality.
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Home preservation depends on the food matrix, refrigerator design/technology, consumer actions, and ambient temperature. Storing different food matrices in product-relevant refrigerator locations generating different temperature histories can be used to develop an indicator of how refrigerator technology, consumer habits, and environment conditions impact the refrigerator food preservation performance. In this study, poultry, particularly prone to spoilage reflecting its pH, nutrient availability, and high aw, was used to evaluate refrigerator preservation performance as affected by compressor technology (single [SS] and variable speed [VS]), ambient temperature (21.1°C [LT] and 32.2°C [HT]), and refrigerator load (22.5 kg [RL] and 39 kg [HL]). Time-temperature values collected for chicken breast stored in a drawer independently controlled at 0°C in a refrigerator set 5°C, and a Pseudomonas predictive microbiology model, were used to estimate a normalized refrigerator performance indicator (RPI). Values <1, â¼1, and >1 described excellent, good, or poor performance, respectively. A first analysis revealed that up to 54% of chicken breast temperatures were above its recommended refrigerated storage value. When ignoring variability sources, SS technology yielded RPI values ranging 0.61-0.70, whereas the more energy efficient VS compressor yielded values ranging 0.86-1.14. The higher and wider VS RPI range reflects a compressor control logic optimized for energy efficiency compliance while disregarding effects on food preservation. When considering the variability of model parameters and temperature measurements through one-sided 95% confidence intervals yielded RPI reaching 1.16. Although the independently controlled drawer preservation performance was near optimal, it can improve by considering energy use and preservation impact when optimizing the compressor speed control protocol. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Worldwide poultry meat consumption has reached 15 kg per person. Refrigeration is widely used for its safety and quality preservation. Efficiency regulations decreased the energy use of residential refrigerators by nearly tenfold even though their size increased by 50% in the last half century. In this study, we provide quantitative evidence that their preservation performance must be improved. This is particularly true for upper end units typically equipped with quieter and more energy-efficient variable speed compressors. The same methodology can be used to evaluate the preservation performance of the storage units, trucks, and display cases used for refrigerated products.
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Galinhas , Refrigeração , Animais , Temperatura , Refrigeração/métodos , Conservação de Alimentos/métodos , Microbiologia de AlimentosRESUMO
Herein, we report the synthetic access to a set of π-extended BODIPYs featuring a penta-arylated (phenyl and/or thiophene) dipyrrin framework. We take advantage of the full chemoselective control of 8-methylthio-2,3,5,6-tetrabromoBODIPY when we conduct the Liebeskind-Srogl cross-coupling (LSCC) to functionalize exclusively the meso-position, followed by the tetra-Suzuki reaction to arylate the halogenated sites. All these laser dyes display absorption and emission bands in the red edge of the visible spectrum reaching the near-infrared with thiophene functionalization. The emission efficiency, both fluorescence and laser, of the polyphenylBODIPYs can be enhanced upon decoration of the peripheral phenyls with electron donor/acceptor groups at para positions. Alternatively, the polythiopheneBODIPYs show an astonishing laser performance despite the charge transfer character of the emitting state. Therefore, these BODIPYs are suitable as a palette of stable and bright laser sources covering the spectral region from 610 nm to 750 nm.
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A 67-year-old male presenting with an anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) underwent stent placement in the left anterior descending coronary. The patient was discharged on an appropriate medical regimen containing dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). Four days later, the patient presented with repeat acute coronary syndrome symptomatology. Electrocardiogram demonstrated ongoing STEMI in the previously treated artery distribution. Emergency angiography revealed restenosis and total thrombotic occlusion. Post-intervention stenosis was 0% after aspiration thrombectomy and balloon angioplasty. Stent thrombosis is a high-mortality and therapeutically challenging condition requiring prepared clinicians who recognize predisposing risk factors and initiate early management.