RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: An increased interarm blood pressure difference (IAD) (≥10mmHg) has been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. There are few studies determining how IAD has to be measured and its reliability between visits. The objectives of our study were twofold. First, to evaluate the concordance between two automatic oscillometric devices for IAD measurement (two OMRON devices and one Microlife WatchBP™ device (WBP™)) and to analyse the reproducibility of IAD between visits in the general population attending a primary care centre. DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study of concordance between the two methods and reproducibility of IAD between two visits separated by one week. SITE: Parets del Vallès primary care centre (Barcelona). PARTICIPANTS: General population aged 35-74 years. INTERVENTIONS AND MAIN MEASUREMENTS: One hundred and forty-nine patients completed the two visits. At each visit, IAD was measured three times with both methods and the mean of the three determinations was considered. Other variables such as sociodemographic and anthropometric variables, pathological antecedents and pharmacological treatment were collected through a review of the medical history and an interview with the patient. Concordance between the two devices and between visits reproducibility were calculated using the Lin concordance coefficient (CCL) for IAD expressed continuously and kappa(k) indices for IAD categorised as normal or pathological. RESULTS: Concordance for IAD expressed continuously was low: CCL=0.13 (0.02-0.24). Concordance was also low for IAD categorised as normal or pathological (k=-0.03 (-0.05-0.00)). Reproducibility between visits was low for both methods and for both continuous and categorised IAD: with OMRON™ CCL=0.19 (0.03-0.34) and k=-0.02 (-0.16-0.12) and for WBP™ CCL=0.14 (-0.01-0.29) and k=0.49 (0.33-0.64). CONCLUSIONS: Concordance between two automatic oscillometers in the simultaneous IAD measurement was low. Reproducibility between visits was also low for both methods.
Assuntos
Determinação da Pressão Arterial , Humanos , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Transversais , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/métodosRESUMO
Phlebotomine sand flies are the main vectors of Leishmania genus species worldwide; therefore, the detection of some reproductive parasites, such as Wolbachia, has been considered a possible strategy for biological control. In Mexico, leishmaniasis cases have been recorded in 25 states, yet only two sand fly species have been related to Wolbachia spp. Although the state of Tabasco has a high number of leishmaniasis cases, only few studies have been done on sand fly species. The aim of this study was to analyze the diversity of sand fly species and to detect Wolbachia spp. and/or Leishmania spp. in the captured specimens. Sand flies were collected at the locality of Huimango, Tabasco, Mexico, during October 2019, using nine light traps (CDC) and two Shannon traps per night. The specimens were identified and females were analyzed by PCR for the DNA detection for pathogens. A total of 193 sand fly specimens belonging to five species were morphologically identified. Pintomyia ovallesi was the most abundant species (76.84%), followed by Micropygomyia cayennensis (6.40%). Furthermore, first records of four sand fly species were established for the state of Tabasco, thereby increasing the species richness in the state from four to eight. We observed a natural infection rate of 9.7% (10/103) for Leishmania and 0.91% (1/103) for Wolbachia. The importance of conducting entomological surveys in endemic areas of leishmaniasis in Mexico is highlighted, to determine whether other sand fly species may be potential vectors of Leishmania spp., and if some Wolbachia strains could be relevant for the control of leishmaniasis.
Assuntos
Leishmania , Leishmaniose Cutânea , Psychodidae , Wolbachia , Animais , DNA , Feminino , Insetos Vetores , Leishmania/genética , México , Psychodidae/genética , Wolbachia/genéticaRESUMO
Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar la distribución de Aedes albopictus (Skuse 1895) en Tabasco México 2015-2018. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional transversal con un componente cuantitativo, durante enero de 2015 a julio 2018 se enviaron al laboratorio estatal de salud pública un total de 4,090 muestras de larvas de mosquitos de Aedes sp. para identificación taxonómica proveniente de los 17 municipios de Tabasco con 38 localidades prioritarias, las cuales fueron colectadas del sistema de monitoreo estatal de vigilancia entomológica con ovitrampas. Resultados: 3,882 (94.91%) corresponden a Aedes aegypti y 208 (5.08%) a Aedes albopictus. La distribución de Aedes albopictus se identificó en 9 municipios que representa 52.94% de los municipios afectados con presencia del vector y 44.74% de localidades muestreadas positivas en el estado de Tabasco. Conclusiones: Con el presente estudio se logró determinar la presencia y distribución de Aedes albopictus, cuya dispersión en el estado se encuentra en progreso ya que podría colonizar los 17 municipios que componen el estado por las características de clima y vegetación, lo que plantea nuevos retos en salud pública en cuanto a la prevención y control de los arbovirus.
Abstract: Objective: To identify the distribution of Aedes albopictus (Skuse 1895) in Tabasco Mexico from 2015 to 2018. Material and Method: A cross-sectional observational descriptive study with a quantitative component was carried out. During January 2015 to July 2018, a total of 4,090 samples of Aedes sp. mosquito larvae were sent to the state public health laboratory for taxonomic identification from the 17 municipalities of Tabasco with 38 priority localities, which were collected from the state monitoring system of entomological surveillance with ovitraps. Results: Of the samples collected, 3,882 (94.91%) corresponded to Aedes aegypti and 208 (5.08%) to Aedes albopictus. The distribution of Aedes albopictus was identified in 9 municipalities representing 52.94% of affected municipalities with the presence of the vector and corresponds to 44.74% of localities sampled positive in the state of Tabasco. Conclusions: In this study it was determined the presence and distribution of Aedes albopictus, its dispersion in the state is in progress since it could colonize the 17 municipalities of the state. Due to the climate and vegetation characteristics, which poses new challenges in public health in terms of the prevention and control of arboviruses.
Resumo: Objetivo: Analisar indicadores de saúde, com base nos resultados obtidos pelas unidades de saúde no Chile, durante o período 2010-2014. Materiais e métodos: Um estudo descritivo é realizado e múltiplas correspondências são aplicadas. São utilizados 75 indicadores básicos de saúde publicados pelo Ministério da Saúde, indicadores demográficos, estatísticas vitais, riscos para a saúde e acesso aos cuidados. Cada indicador foi atribuído um resultado esperado e comparado com o resultado real obtido, por região e país. Resultados: Os indicadores de risco para a saúde foram caracterizados principalmente porque, em 50% ou mais das regiões analisadas, obtiveram resultado semelhante ao esperado. Diferentemente dos indicadores estatísticos vitais, onde 49% e menos das regiões tiveram resultado semelhante ao esperado no mesmo período. Ao mesmo tempo, os indicadores demográficos foram associados an um resultado esperado positivo e, ao contrário, os indicadores de acesso ao atendimento foram associados an um resultado esperado negativo no período analisado. Conclusão: Devido ao impacto na população, qualquer indicador de gestão em saúde deve ser considerado pelos gestores das redes de saúde para orientar as estratégias a serem implementadas nos estabelecimentos que compõem as redes públicas de saúde.
Résumé : Objectif: Analyser les indicateurs de santé sur la base des résultats obtenus par les établissements de santé au Chili durant la période 2010-2014. Matériel et méthodes: L'étude est descriptive et inclut de plus l''analyse des correspondances multiples en utilisant 75 indicateurs sanitaires de base publiés par le Ministére de la Santé: indicateurs démographiques, statistiques de l'état civil, risques pour la santé et accés aux soins. Un résultat attendu a été attribué á chaque indicateur et comparé au résultat réel obtenu, par région et par pays. Résultats: Les indicateurs de risques pour la santé se sont caractérisés principalement par le fait qu'ils ont obtenu un résultat similaire á celui attendu dans 50% ou plus des régions analysées. Par contre, les indicateurs de statistiques de l'état civil ont donné, pour la meme période, un résultat similaire á celui attendu dans 49% ou moins des régions. Dans le meme temps, les indicateurs démographiques se sont associés á un résultat attendu positif et, au contraire, les indicateurs d'accés aux soins se sont associés á un résultat attendu négatif pour la période analysée. Conclusions: En raison de l'impact sur la population, tout indicateur de gestion de la santé devrait etre pris en compte par les gestionnaires de réseaux de santé afin d'orienter les stratégies á mettre en reuvre dans les établissements constituant les réseaux de soins de santé publique.
RESUMO
A new series of oligomethylene bis(nitrophenylureylbenzamide) receptors were synthesized varying the relative position of the urea and amide groups (ortho4 and meta8) and the length of the oligomethylene chain (C2 to C8). An anion recognition study was performed with TBAX salts (X = AcO-, BzO-, F-, H2PO4 -, and HP2O7 3-) by UV-vis and 1H NMR. The flexibility of these receptors allows a cooperative effect of both ureylbenzamide units in the receptors. Noteworthy, the ortho position favored the 1 : 1 stoichiometry in the complexes with the carboxylates. The formation of 2 : 1 receptor-anion complexes with both types of receptors 4 and 8 and with hydrogen pyrophosphate and high log K values obtained were very significant in this work. The NMR studies evidenced the formation of supramolecular complexes, even in a competitive solvent, such as DMSO.