Assessment of oral toxicity of Moringa oleifera Lam aqueous extract and its effect on gout induced in a murine model.

Background and Aim: Although widely employed in traditional remedies globally, the safety and efficacy of Moringa oleifera remain inadequately documented through scientific research. This study evaluated the oral toxicity of M. oleifera leaf aqueous extract (MoAE) and its impact on gout-induced rats. Materials and Methods: 2000 mg/kg was given in a single dose during the acute oral toxicity test, while 100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg were given daily for 28 days in the repeated dose toxicity test. 100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg MoAE doses were administered during the assessment of its impact on gout caused by monosodium urate. In the hyperuricemia model induced by oxonic acid, serum uric acid levels were assessed and pain response was measured through acetic acid-induced writhing. Results: In acute oral and 28-day repeated dose tests, no indications of toxicity were detected, while MoAE alleviated ankle joint swelling and reduced serum uric acid concentrations in arthritic rats, causing a significant reduction in acetic acid-induced contortions. Conclusion: No acute oral toxicity or toxicity in 28-day repeated doses was found for MoAE, while it exhibited antiarthritic, antihyperuricemic, and pain-relieving effects in the murine model.

Phytochemical Profiling by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS and Chemopreventive Effect of Aqueous Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves and Benzyl Isothiocyanate on Murine Mammary Carcinogenesis.

Moringa oleifera Lam, commonly known as moringa, is a plant widely used both as a human food and for medicinal purposes around the world. This research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (MoAE) and benzyl isothiocyanate (BIT) in rats with induced breast cancer. Cancer was induced with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) at a dose of 60 mg/kg by orogastric gavage once only. Forty-eight rats were randomly assigned to eight groups, each consisting of six individuals. The control group (healthy) was called Group I. Group II received DMBA plus saline. In addition to DMBA, Groups III, IV, and V received MoAE at 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg/day, respectively, while Groups VI, VII, and VIII received BIT at 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/day, respectively. Treatment was carried out for 13 weeks. Secondary metabolite analysis results identified predominantly quercetin, caffeoylquinic acid, neochlorogenic acid, vitexin, and kaempferol, as well as tropone, betaine, loliolide, and vitexin. The administration of MoAE at a dose of 500 mg/kg and BIT at 20 mg/kg exhibited a notable decrease in both the total tumor count and the cumulative tumor weight, along with a delay in their onset. Furthermore, they improved the histological grade. A significant decrease in serum levels of VEGF and IL-1ß levels was observed (p < 0.001) with a better effect demonstrated with MoAE at 500 mg/kg and BIT at 20 mg/kg. In conclusion, this study suggests that both the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves and the benzyl isothiocyanate possess antitumor properties against mammary carcinogenesis, and this effect could be due, at least in part, to the flavonoids and isothiocyanates present in the extract.

Efecto de la temperatura sobre la acción tóxica del extracto acuoso de la raíz del Lonchocarpus nicou (barbasco) en ratas normales / Effect of temperature on the toxic action of the aqueous extract from the root of Lonchocarpus nicou (barbasco) in normal rats

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto tóxico del extracto acuoso de la raíz del Lonchocarpus nicou (Aubl) D.C. "Barbasco" sometido a 100 grados C de temperatura durante 5, 10, 30 y 60 minutos de ebullición, al ser administrado oralmente durante 30 días a ratas normales. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio experimental, con grupos equivalentes randomizados, ciego para quien administró la solución, el analista de laboratorio, el anatomopatólogo y el estadístico. Se sometieron a 100 grados C de temperatura trozos pequeños de raíz desecados con agua destilada, obteniéndose extractos a 5, 10, 30 y 60 minutos de ebullición para efectuar ensayos fitoquímicos comparativos en cromatografía de capa fina, y evaluar del efecto tóxico en cuarenta ratas Holtzmann. El peso de las ratas fue (190±10 gr), se las dividió aleatoriamente en cinco grupos: al primero se le administró suero fisiológico 2 mL/kg, y a los otros grupos 10 mg/kg de extracto respectivamente durante 30 días. A continuación se extrajo muestra de sangre para observación hematológica, bioquímica, y luego se sacrificó los animales, retirándose cerebro, hígado, y riñón, los que se conservaron en formol al 10 por ciento para estudio histopatológico. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron mediante pruebas descriptivas y analíticas, considerando significativos una p<0,05. Resultados: Los metabolitos secundarios disminuyeron con la ebullición, los alcaloides del barbasco desaparecieron y los flavonoides tipo isoflavonas disminuyeron notoriamente con la calificación cualitativa. A mayor tiempo de exposición a la temperatura, se presentó menor daño en el perfil hepático. Conclusiones: En condiciones experimentales se ha observado en ratas normales disminución del efecto tóxico inducido por el extracto acuoso de barbasco sometido a altas temperatura, acción dependiente del tiempo de ebullición.

Objective: Assessing the toxic effect of aqueous extract of Lonchocarpus nicou roots (Aubl) S.D. "Barbasco" after being exposed at 100 grades C temperature during: 5, 10, 30, 60 minutes of boiling condition and then being administered during 30 days by oral intake in normal rats. Material and methods: The present research is experimental and prospective, with similar groups distributed randomly. It is blind not only for the ones who administered the concentration, made the lab analysis and the anatomopathologic examination but also for the ones who made the data processing. The extracts was exposed at 100 grades C of temperature then it was gotten extracts with 5, 10, 30 and 60 minutes of boiling exposition; it was done the comparative phytochemical examination in fine layer Chromatography in order to appreciate the main secondary metabolites that are present in each extract. To determine the toxic effects it was selected 40 Holtzmann rats with 190 +/- 10 gr. of body weight and about 2 months of age that didn't have any previous experimental treatments and belonging to the National Health Institute Lima-Peru; they were with appropriate feeding and water supply, living under environmental temperature. They were divided into 4 groups of examination to whom it was administered during 30 days by oral intake the aqueous extract of Lonchocarpus nicou roots (Barbasco) and a control group in which physiological serum was administered at dosage of 2mllkg, then it was extracted blood samples by cardiac puncture for Biochemical and Hematological exams; after that animals were killed to extract internal organs (Liver, Brain and Kidney) which were preserved in Formalin 10 per cent for Histopathological examination. It was done a descriptive and statistical analysis by means of the ANOVA of one way Test (or Kruskal-Wallis) to assess possible variations due to the effect of the extracts. The values were significant to a p<0.05. Results: It was gotten reduction of the toxic...