RESUMO
As human society is mainly cooperative, it is not clear how antisocial personality disorder (APD) persists. The current explanation is that sociopaths are cheaters who maximize their fitness by taking advantages from others. Although this argument is valid, we show here that society also benefits from APD. We propose that the old phylogeny of punishment, the fact of being a full member of society, the frequency of the disorder, genetics, linkage between two "contradictory" DSM IV criteria for the disorder, and the necessity for society to fight against antisocial behavior, play positive roles for society and/or human groups, especially in the ancestral environment.
Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/etiologia , Evolução Biológica , Controle Social Formal , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/genética , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , PuniçãoRESUMO
Elderly persons are particularly exposed to drug reactions, especially drug interactions subsequent to multiple prescriptions. It is also recognized that the drug risk is the leading hospital risk involving 1 to 10% of all hospitalized patients. An analysis of the avoidable nature of drug reactions leads to consideration of a sequence of 4 events leading to drug exposure: prescription, delivery, administration and compliance. Each event in this sequence corresponds to a distinct person: physician, pharmacist, nurse, patient. This suggests that the prevention of drug reactions in hospitalized elderly persons requires implementation of an "alert-causal attributability-avoidability-prevention" system by the healthcare teams where physicians, pharmacists, and nurses work in close coordination with the patient.