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1.
Nutr Hosp ; 37(1): 223-227, 2020 Feb 17.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31793325

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: we report a patient with transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP) and severe hypocupremia. Case report: a 79-year-old male with TTR-FAP and severe malnutrition. Laboratory tests showed low serum copper (Cu) and ceruloplasmin levels, as well as low urinary Cu levels. The patient reported neither digestive symptoms nor previous gastrointestinal surgery. Liver function tests, iron metabolism, hemoglobin, leukocytes and zinc were normal. Discussion: Cu is a trace element. It is part of the cuproenzymes involved in several physiological functions. Hypocupremia can be related to genetic or acquired etiologies, including low intake, bariatric surgery, increased losses, etc. Primary clinical manifestations include hematological (anemia and leukopenia) and neurological (myelopathy, peripheral neuropathy) features. Treatment is empirical. In severe cases it may be initiated with endovenose administration, followed by oral supplementation.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: presentamos el caso de un paciente con antecedentes de polineuropatía amiloidótica familiar por transtiretina (TTR-FAP) diagnosticado de hipocupremia severa. Caso clínico: varón de 79 años afecto de TTR-FAP. Visto en consulta de nutrición por desnutrición severa. En el estudio analítico presenta cifras de cobre (Cu) sérico y ceruloplasmina bajas, con Cu en orina también bajo. No tiene clínica digestiva ni antecedentes de cirugía gastrointestinal. Las pruebas de función hepática, la ferrocinética, las cifras de Hb y leucocitos y los niveles de zinc (Zn) no presentan alteraciones relevantes. Discusión: el Cu es un oligoelemento que participa como componente de las cuproenzimas en múltiples funciones fisiológicas. Los niveles séricos bajos pueden relacionarse con causas genéticas o adquiridas, como la baja ingesta, la cirugía bariátrica, el aumento de las pérdidas, etc. Las principales manifestaciones clínicas son hematológicas (anemia, leucopenia) o neurológicas (mielopatía, neuropatía periférica). El tratamiento tiene base empírica. En los casos severos puede iniciarse con administración intravenosa, seguido de mantenimiento por vía oral.


Assuntos
Neuropatias Amiloides Familiares/sangue , Cobre/sangue , Desnutrição/complicações , Idoso , Neuropatias Amiloides Familiares/complicações , Neuropatias Amiloides Familiares/tratamento farmacológico , Ceruloplasmina/análise , Ceruloplasmina/deficiência , Cobre/deficiência , Cobre/uso terapêutico , Cobre/urina , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Distúrbios do Metabolismo do Ferro/sangue , Masculino , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/sangue , Pré-Albumina/genética , Zinco/sangue
2.
Mol Diagn Ther ; 22(2): 169-177, 2018 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29427124

RESUMO

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) belong to a heterogeneous family of rare tumors with very broad and complex clinical behavior. Due to their heterogeneity, the lack of specific symptoms and the absence of sensitive methods for early detection, patients are usually diagnosed when the disease is in an advanced state for which curative treatments are scarce. In most cases, these few treatments try to prolong the survival of patients, maintaining the quality of life. The identification of biomarkers could help to improve early diagnosis and to choose the most suitable therapeutic strategy. This paper provides a review of the current histopathological diagnostic approaches for lung NET subtypes, including the predictive and prognostic factors, to help in the early diagnosis of this disease.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/diagnóstico , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/patologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/classificação , Gradação de Tumores , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/classificação , Prognóstico
3.
Nutr Hosp ; 34(4): 761-766, 2017 Jul 28.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29094996

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Up to 30-40% of the patients starting artificial nutritional support develop hypophosphatemia. In general, patients with mild and moderate hypophosphatemia do not have symptoms, but severe hypophosphatemia is the hallmark of refeeding syndrome. AIM: To determine the incidence of hypophosphatemia in not critically ill patients receiving enteral feeding. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study. We assessed during seven days 181 not critically ill patients started on enteral artificial nutrition support during seven days. RESULTS: 51.9% of the patients were considered to be at risk of developing refeeding syndrome (United Kingdom National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence criteria). The incidence of hypophosphatemia was 31.5%, but only 1.1% of the patients developed severe hypophosphatemia. Older age and lower plasma proteins were significantly associated with hypophosphatemia. CONCLUSION: The incidence of severe hypophosphatemia in our study is low, so we can't offer robust conclusions about the risk of hypophosphatemia in the type of patients receiving enteral nutrition.


INTRODUCCIÓN: se ha descrito una incidencia de hipofosfatemia en pacientes con soporte nutricional especializado (SNE) de hasta el 30-40%. La hipofosfatemia leve y la moderada son generalmente asintomáticas, mientras que la severa es el hecho fundamental del síndrome de realimentación. OBJETIVO: evaluar la incidencia y gravedad de la hipofosfatemia en pacientes hospitalizados no críticos con nutrición enteral (NE).MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: se diseñó un estudio observacional y prospectivo en condiciones de práctica clínica habitual. Se recogieron datos clínicos, antropométricos y analíticos de 181 pacientes a los que se les inició nutrición enteral. El seguimiento fue de siete días.RESULTADOS: el 51,9% de los pacientes estaban en riesgo de desarrollar síndrome de realimentación según las guías del United Kingdom National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). La incidencia de hipofosfatemia fue del 31,5% y la de la hipofosfatemia severa, del 1,1%. De todos los parámetros clínicos, antropométricos y analíticos analizados, solo la edad y unas proteínas séricas más bajas se correlacionaron de forma estadísticamente significativa con el aumento en la incidencia de hipofosfatemia. CONCLUSIÓN: la incidencia de hipofosfatemia grave en nuestra serie es muy baja, lo que hace imposible extraer conclusiones específicas para este grupo de pacientes.


Assuntos
Nutrição Enteral/efeitos adversos , Hipofosfatemia/epidemiologia , Hipofosfatemia/etiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Síndrome da Realimentação/sangue
4.
Nutr Hosp ; 31(6): 2676-84, 2015 Jun 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26040381

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Elder people suffer physiological changes and illnes that increase the risk of malnutrition. Nutritional status is a major prognosis factor in older people. This study is aimed at estimating the prevalence of malnutrition among the population of 65 and over inpatients as much at admission as at discharge. METHODS: We conducted a transversal observational study. 174 consecutive inpatients were examined using Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) and Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) in the first 48 hours from admission. Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) was applied to cancer patients. All patients were submitted the NRS-2002 at discharge. RESULTS: 29.31% of patients were at malnutrition risk according to the results of NRS-2002 at admission. This percentage increased up to 57.89% at discharge. The MNA-SF revealed nutritional alteration in 70.35% (54.65% with malnutrition risk, 15.7% with malnutrition). The NRS-2002 showed that 34.14% of cancer patients presented with nutritional risk; however, according to PG-SGA 56.41% of the cases presented with malnutrition to a certain extent (46.15% with moderate malnutrition and 10.26% with serious malnutrition). There are different groups of patients (older patients, transferred from emergency department, patients with heart failure) who present higher risk of nutritional deterioration while they are hospitalised (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is a very high percentage of 65 and over patients at nutritional risk in our centre, as much at admission as at discharge. It is necessary to install a systematic screening of the nutritional status.


Introducción: los cambios fisiológicos propios del envejecimiento, junto con distintos procesos patológicos, predisponen a los ancianos a la aparición de complicaciones nutricionales, siendo el estado nutricional un factor pronóstico importante. El objetivo del estudio es conocer la prevalencia de desnutrición en los mayores de 65 años en nuestro centro, tanto al ingreso como al alta. Métodos: realizamos un estudio transversal, observacional. Para ello evaluamos 174 pacientes mayores de 65 años que ingresaron de forma consecutiva, mediante la aplicación del Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS- 2002) y el Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) en las primeras 48 horas de ingreso. Los pacientes oncológicos también se evaluaron mediante la Valoración Global Subjetiva Generada por el Paciente (VGS-GP). Al alta se realizó de nuevo el NRS-2002. Resultados: el 29,31% de los pacientes estaban en situación de riesgo nutricional según los resultados del NRS-2002 al ingreso. Este porcentaje aumentaba hasta el 57,89% al alta. El MNA-SF objetivó alteración nutricional en el 70,35% (54,65% riesgo de desnutrición, 15,7% desnutrición). Según el NRS-2002 el 34,14% de los pacientes con cáncer presentaban riesgo nutricional; sin embargo, la VGS-GP mostraba deterioro nutricional en el 56,41% de los casos (46,15% desnutrición moderada y 10,26% desnutrición grave). Existen grupos de pacientes (los de mayor edad, los ingresados de forma urgente, los que presentan insuficiencia cardíaca) con mayor riesgo de deterioro nutricional durante el ingreso (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: el porcentaje de pacientes mayores de 65 años en riesgo nutricional en nuestro centro es muy alto, tanto al ingreso como al alta. Se hace necesario el cribado nutricional sistemático.


Assuntos
Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Avaliação Geriátrica , Hospitalização , Humanos , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Prevalência , Medição de Risco , Espanha/epidemiologia
5.
Nutr Hosp ; 30(6): 1375-83, 2014 Dec 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25433121

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a frequent issue in our hospitals, and it is associated with an increase in morbi- mortality and financial costs, together with a decline in the patients' quality of life. This study is aimed at establishing the prevalence of malnutrition in our health centre, as much at admission as at discharge. METHODS: Transversal observational study assessing 277 adult patients, who were admitted consecutively, and applying the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) in the first 48 hours from admission and then again at discharge. Cancer patients were also submitted the Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) was applied to the population of 65 and over. RESULTS: 32.49% of patients were at malnutrition risk according to the results of NRS-2002 at admission. This percentage increased up to 40.98% at discharge. The NRS-2002 showed that 31.15% of cancer patients presented with nutritional risk; however, according to VGS-GP, 52.54% of the cases presented with nutritional risk to a certain extent (38.98% with moderate malnutrition and 13.56% with serious malnutrition). Among patients aged 65 and over, 29.31% were considered at risk according to the NRS-2002; the MNA-SF revealed nutritional alteration in 70.35% (54.65% with malnutrition risk, 15.7% with malnutrition). There are different groups of patients: 65 years old and over, transferred from the emergency department, multi-medicated, cancer patients and patients with heart failure, who present with a higher risk of nutritional deterioration at admission (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is a very high percentage of patients at nutritional risk in our centre, as much at admission as at discharge. It is therefore necessary to install a systematic screening of the nutritional status for all inpatients.


Introducción: La desnutrición es un problema frecuente en nuestros hospitales, asociándose a un aumento de la morbi-mortalidad y de los costes económicos y al deterioro de la calidad de vida de los pacientes. El objetivo del estudio es conocer la prevalencia de desnutrición en nuestro centro, tanto al ingreso como al alta. Métodos: Realizamos un estudio transversal, observacional. Para ello evaluamos 277 pacientes mayores de edad que ingresaron de forma consecutiva, mediante la aplicación del Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) en las primeras 48 horas de ingreso y de nuevo al alta. En los pacientes oncológicos también se realizó la Valoración Global Subjetiva Generada por el Paciente (VGS-GP) y en la población de 65 ó más años el Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF). Resultados: El 32.49% de los pacientes estaban en situación de riesgo nutricional según los resultados del NRS-2002 al ingreso. Este porcentaje aumentaba hasta el 40.98% al alta. El NRS-2002 mostraba que el 31.15% de los pacientes con cáncer presentaban riesgo nutricional, sin embargo, según la VGS-GP existía algún grado de deterioro nutricional en el 52.54% de los casos (38.98% desnutrición moderada y 13.56% desnutrición grave). Entre los pacientes de 65 ó más años el 29.31% se consideraba en riesgo al aplicar el NRS-2002; el MNA-SF objetivó alteración nutricional en el 70.35% (54.65% riesgo de desnutrición, 15.7% desnutrición). Existen grupos de pacientes, a saber: mayores de 65 años, ingresados desde urgencias, polimedicados, oncológicos y pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca, que presentan un mayor riesgo de deterioro nutricional durante el ingreso (p.


Assuntos
Pacientes Internados/estatística & dados numéricos , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação Nutricional , Prevalência , Medição de Risco
6.
Nutr Hosp ; 28(2): 372-81, 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23822688

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence and degree of malnutrition among patients with cancer who were sent to an Oncological Nutrition visit. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It is an observational crosssectional descriptive study. First nutrition visit data of all patientes aged ≥ 18 with cancer who were evaluated from march of 2008 to february of 2012 were used. A total of 997 patients were studied using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment. RESULTS: 69% of the patients had lost more than 5% of their usual weight within the previous 3 months, the patients with the highest frequency of weight loss were those with digestive cancer. Eating problems were encountered by the 81.2% of the patients, the most frequent problem being anorexia (53.3%) and the median number of symptoms was 3. Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment shows a malnutrition prevalence of 72.9% (29.9% with moderate malnutrition and 43% with severe malnutrition). Malnutrition was related to the type of cancer and the stage of the disease and was not related to age, gender neither usual body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition prevalence among patients who were evaluated in our consulting-room is high. Nutritional evaluation is very important to detect patients at risk of malnutrition or with malnutrition and helps to choose the nutritional treatment.


Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia y el grado de desnutrición de los pacientes con cáncer remitidos a una consulta específica de Nutrición Oncológica. Material y métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo basado en los datos recogidos en la primera consulta de nutrición de todos los pacientes mayores de edad con cáncer evaluados en el período comprendido entre el 1 de marzo de 2008 y el 29 de febrero de 2012. Se incluyeron 997 pacientes, a los que se les realizó la Valoración Global Subjetiva Generada por el Paciente. Resultados: El 69% de los pacientes habían perdido más de un 5% de su peso habitual en los 3 meses previos, siendo esto más frecuente entre los portadores de tumores digestivos. El 81,2% de los pacientes tenían dificultades para alimentarse, el síntoma más frecuente era la anorexia (53,3%) y la mediana de síntomas por paciente 3. La Valoración Global Subjetiva Generada por el Paciente muestra una prevalencia de desnutrición del 72,9% (29,9% desnutrición moderada y 43% desnutrición severa). La desnutrición se relacionó con el tipo de tumor y con el estadío, pero no con la edad, el sexo ni con el Índice de Masa Corporal habitual. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de desnutrición en los pacientes con cáncer evaluados en nuestra consulta es elevada. La valoración nutricional es básica para identificar a aquellos pacientes con desnutrición o riesgo de desnutrición y orientar la necesidad de tratamiento nutricional.


Assuntos
Desnutrição/etiologia , Neoplasias/complicações , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Avaliação Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Prevalência , Adulto Jovem
7.
Endocrinol Nutr ; 59(8): 496-504, 2012 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22857908

RESUMO

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: To analyze the relationship between glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) in the adult Galician population, evaluate the use of HbA(1c) for the screening and diagnosis of diabetes, and calculate the diagnostic threshold required for this purpose. METHODS: We analyzed data on 2848 subjects (aged 18-85 years) drawn from a study undertaken in 2004 to assess the prevalence of diabetes in Galicia. For study purposes, diabetes was defined using the criteria recommended in 2002. Participants were classified into four glucose-based groups. The relationship between glucose and HbA(1c) was described using linear regression models, generalized additive models and Spearman's correlation. Diagnostic capacity was assessed, and optimal HbA(1c) cut-off points were calculated as a diabetes marker using the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: Prevalence of pre-diabetes, unknown diabetes and known diabetes was 20.86, 3.37 and 4.39%, respectively. The correlations between HbA(1c) and fasting glucose were higher than those obtained for HbA(1c) and glycemia at 2h of the oral glucose overload (0.344 and 0.270, respectively). Taking glucose levels as the gold standard, a greater discriminatory capacity was obtained for HbA(1c) (area under de cruve: 0.839, 95% confidence intervals: 0.788-0.890). Based on the study criteria, the optimal minimum and maximum HbA(1c) values were 5.9% and 6.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: HbA(1c) did not prove superior to glycemia for diagnosis of diabetes in the adult Galician population, and cannot therefore be used to replace the oral glucose tolerance test for screening and diagnosis purposes. Indeed, determination of glucose is essential to verify the diagnosis in the majority of cases.


Assuntos
Glicemia/análise , Diabetes Mellitus/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
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