RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To document the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and sleep health in African populations. METHODS: Observational cross-sectional or cohort studies examining the association between SES indicators and sleep outcomes in participants from African countries were included. The search was performed in the MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection electronic databases in June 2021. Selection, confounding, attrition/exclusion, detection, and selective reporting bias were assessed using the OHAT Risk of Bias Tool. Random effects meta-analysis was used for summarizing the effect estimates. RESULTS: Forty-three reports were selected, having sampled 153,372 Africans from 26 countries. Education was the most frequent SES indicator and composite measures of sleep quality or disturbances was the most common sleep outcome. Low educational attainment was significantly associated with lower odds of short sleep (odds ratio [OR]=0.65, 95% confidence intervals [0.50, 0.84], p = .001) and higher odds of insomnia (OR=1.53, [1.18, 1.99], p = .001) or poor sleep quality (OR=1.60, [1.17, 2.18], p = .003). Low levels of income/assets were related to higher odds of insomnia (OR=1.38, [1.02, 1.86], p = .04) and low occupational/employment status was linked to lower odds of short sleep duration (OR=0.49, [0.30, 0.79], p = .004). CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic disadvantage was a significant predictor of insomnia and poor sleep quality, while it was associated with longer sleep duration. Significant heterogeneity in terms of exposure and outcomes, scarcity of longitudinal designs, lack of objective outcome measurement, and low representation of rural samples and participants from low-income countries limit the quality of evidence.
Assuntos
Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Sono , Escolaridade , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudos Observacionais como AssuntoRESUMO
Sleep disorder breathing is a highly prevalent public health problem and is common among patients with cardio and cerebrovascular diseases. Respiratory events are associated with numerous consequences, such as the hyperadrenergic state, known as a predictor of premature mortality in patients with heart failure. On the other hand, reduced stroke volume is associated with fluid retention in patients with heart failure, leading to changes in the upper airflow dynamics. Whether and how to treat sleep disorder breathing enables chronic cardiovascular consequences to be reversed is not fully established. Few cases are known where sleep disordered breathing diagnosis was made several years before heart transplantation. To better understand how does sleep apnea evolve and to ponder about what is the best treatment approach in this context, is the objective with this case presentation.
RESUMO
Se realiza un estudio con el objetivo de conocer la importancia de la labor de la enfermera de la familia en la atención materno-infantil. Se realiza una revisón de los tarjetones de las embarazadas con una muestra de 27 pacientes entre enero de 1989 a diciembre 1990, del consultorio No. 49 del médico de la familia del área de salud del policlínico comunitario docente "Asdrúbal López", de la provincia de Guantanámo. Se analizan las variables de interés como: el grupo de edades predominante de las gestantes fue el de 15 a 19 años (41 por ciento ); el nivel de escolaridad, secundaria básica (41 por ciento ); el estado civil, la soltera (22 por ciento ); la captación precoz (78 por ciento ); la valoración ponderal de normopeso (63 por ciento ); el resultado de la electroforesis de hemoglobina, el grupo AA (96 por ciento ) y de alfa-fetoproteína (82 por ciento ) realizada fueron normales. El resultado de la serología en el primer trimestre fue no reactiva en el 96 por ciento y en el tercer trimestre, el 93 por ciento . Fueron vacunadas con toxoide tétanico el 100 por ciento de las embarazadas. Las visitas realizadas en el hogar por el equipo de salud, fueron del 100 por ciento en distinta frecuencia