Two cases of testicular tuberculosis in HIV patients with distinct clinical presentations.

Genito-urinary tuberculosis (TB) corresponds to the second most common cause of extrapulmonary tuberculosis EPTB worldwide. It is however rare and is often clinically indistinguishable from testicular malignancy and infarction. HIV hugely increases the risk of TB in unusual sites; we present two such cases of testicular tuberculosis. The diagnosis was based respectively on histopathological findings, acid-bacilli smear of biopsy, semen, and culture.

Tradução e adaptação brasileira do questionário "Assessment of caries diagnosis and caries treatment" / Translation and Brazilian adaptation of the "Assessment of caries diagnosis and caries treatment questionnaire"

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi traduzir e realizar a adaptação transcultural do questionário "Assessment of Caries Diagnosis and Caries Treatment", da Dental Practice Based Research Network (DPBRN), para a língua portuguesa do Brasil. Métodos: O questionário sobre a prática odontológica relacionada ao diagnóstico, prevenção, tratamento e avaliação de risco de cárie passou por tradução e adaptação cultural seguindo critérios pré-estabelecidos: tradução inicial, retrotradução e comitê de revisão. No pré-teste, o questionário foi preenchido por 21 cirurgiões-dentistas (CDs), cuja finalidade foi identificar erros, desvios das traduções e compreensão das perguntas. Após uma semana, 17 CDs preencheram o questionário novamente para avaliar a reprodutibilidade pelo teste de correlação intra-classe. Resultados: A etapa de tradução mostrou que os termos/sentenças traduzidos de forma destoante pelos diferentes pesquisadores eram, na verdade, sinônimos, e indicaram que o processo de tradução foi facilmente realizado. Em relação à compreensão do questionário, 95% (n=20) dos CDs não mostraram dúvida/dificuldade ao preenchê-lo. Os dados de reprodutibilidade mostraram que 42% (n=22) das questões apresentaram correlação satisfatória e 58% (n=31) correlação excelente. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o processo de tradução e adaptação cultural do questionário foi realizado de forma satisfatória e que a versão brasileira do questionário foi facilmente compreendida pela população estudada.(AU)

Aim: The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the "Assessment of Caries Diagnosis and Caries Treatment" questionnaire from the Dental Practice Based Research Network (DPBRN) into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods: The questionnaire on dental practices related to diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and caries risk assessment underwent translation and cross-cultural adaptation following pre-established criteria: initial translation, back-translation, and committee review. During the pre-test, the questionnaire was filled out by 21 dentists in order to evaluate mistakes, to find deviations in the translations, and to identify the comprehension of the questions. After one week, 17 dentists filled out the questionnaires again to evaluate their reliability by means of the intra-class correlation test. Results: The translation process showed that the term/sentences translated differently by distinct researchers were synonyms and indicated that the process was easily performed. Regarding the comprehension of the questionnaire, 95% (n=20) of the dentists showed no doubts / difficulty when filling it out. Reliability data showed that 42% (n=22) of the questions showed a satisfactory correlation, while 58% (n=31) showed an excellent correlation. Conclusion: In conclusion, the translation and cross-cultural adaptation process of the questionnaire was performed satisfactorily, and the Brazilian version of the questionnaire was easily understood by the studied population.(AU)

Toxicity Identification Evaluation (Phase I) of water and sediment samples from a tropical reservoir contaminated with industrial and domestic effluents.

The Funil Reservoir (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil) is an environment degraded by constant discharge of nutrients and pollution coming from the most industrialized region of the country. As a consequence of eutrophication, there are continuous cyanobacteria blooms, which cause acute and chronic toxicity to zooplankton. In this context, Phase I of Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) was performed on Daphnia similis using water and interstitial water from the reservoir, with the aim of identifying classes of compounds responsible for toxicity. The results indicated that water toxicity was due to cyanobacteria resulting from blooms in the reservoir and surfactants. Metals, especially copper, contributed to sediment toxicity. This research is the first attempt to describe the nature of toxicity in this reservoir using this method.