Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 06CC2 Enhanced the Expression of Intestinal Uric Acid Excretion Transporter in Mice.

ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) is responsible for the excretion of foreign substances, such as uric acid (UA) and indoxyl sulfate (IS), from the body. Given the importance of increased ABCG2 expression in UA excretion, we investigated the enhancement of intestinal ABCG2 expression using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 06CC2 (LP06CC2). Mice were reared on a potassium oxonate-induced high-purine model at doses of 0.02% or 0.1% LP06CC2 for three weeks. Results showed that LP06CC2 feeding resulted in increased ABCG2 expression in the small intestine. The expression level of large intestinal ABCG2 also showed a tendency to increase, suggesting upregulation of the intestinal excretion transporter ABCG2 by LP06CC2. Overall, LP06CC2 treatment increased fecal UA excretion and showed a trend towards increased fecal excretion of IS, suggesting that LP06CC2 treatment enhanced the expression of intestinal ABCG2, thereby promoting the excretion of UA and other substances from the intestinal tract.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 06CC2 upregulates intestinal ZO-1 protein and bile acid metabolism in Balb/c mice fed high-fat diet.

The effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 06CC2 (LP06CC2), which was isolated from a Mongolian dairy product, on lipid metabolism and intestinal tight junction-related proteins in Balb/c mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were evaluated. The mice were fed the HFD for eight weeks, and the plasma and hepatic lipid parameters, as well as the intestinal tight junction-related factors, were evaluated. LP06CC2 slightly reduced the adipose tissue mass. Further, it dose-dependently decreased plasma total cholesterol (TC). The HFD tended to increase the plasma level of endotoxin and suppressed intestinal ZO-1 expression, whereas a low LP06CC2 dose increased ZO-1 expression and tended to reduce the plasma lipopolysaccharide level. Furthermore, a low LP06CC2 dose facilitated a moderate accumulation of Lactobacillales, a significant decrease in Clostridium cluster IV, and an increase in Clostridium cluster XVIII. The results obtained from analyzing the bile acids (BAs) in feces and cecum contents exhibited a decreasing trend for secondary and conjugated BAs in the low LP06CC2-dose group. Moreover, a high LP06CC2 dose caused excess accumulation of Lactobacillales and failed to increase intestinal ZO-1 and occludin expression, while the fecal butyrate level increased dose dependently in the LP06CC2-fed mice. Finally, an appropriate LP06CC2 dose protected the intestinal barrier function from the HFD and modulated BA metabolism.

Augmentation of T helper type 1 immune response through intestinal immunity in murine cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 infection by probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum strain 06CC2.

We previously found that Lactobacillus plantarum strain 06CC2 showed probiotic potential, and its oral administration effectively induced Th1 cytokine production and activated the Th1 immune response associated with intestinal immunity in mice. In this study, to evaluate its potential as a versatile oral adjuvant for treatment of viral infection, we assessed the immunomodulatory activity of 06CC2 on murine cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, in which a major immune defense system is a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction based on activation of the Th1 immune response, in relation to its oral efficacy for alleviation of herpetic symptoms. In the HSV-1 infection model, oral administration of 06CC2 (20mg/mouse) twice daily for seven days starting two days before infection was significantly effective in delaying the development of skin lesions in the early phase of infection and reducing virus yields in the brain on day 4 after infection. In addition, 06CC2 significantly augmented the DTH reaction to inactivated HSV-1 antigen and elevated interferon (IFN)-γ production by HSV-1 antigen from splenocytes. On day 2, natural killer (NK) cell activity was significantly elevated, and the elevation was still observed on day 4. Furthermore, gene expressions of interleukin-12 receptor ß2 and IFN-γ in Peyer's patches were augmented on day 4 by 06CC2 administration. Thus, 06CC2 was suggested to alleviate herpetic symptoms in mice in correlation with augmentation of the Th1 immune responses associated with NK cell activity through intestinal immunity. Strain 06CC2 may be a versatile oral adjuvant to activate Th1 immune response.