RESUMO
A study was performed on human subjects to assess the effectiveness of single-dose immunization with 20 CU (1 ml) of adsorbed tetanus toxoid followed by revaccination with 10 CU (0.5 ml) 1 year later. Out of 1187 students, only those were selected for observation whose blood serum did not contain tetanus antitoxin (titre less than 0.001 IU/ml); this group counted 283 students. After administering the 20 CU (1 ml) of toxoid the antitoxin titre was repeatedly checked on days 10--15 and persons whose titre had risen to over 0.01 IU/ml were excluded from observation. The remaining 109 persons were tested for the antitoxin level 1 year later and revaccinated with 10 CU of tetanus toxoid. After 10--15 days their postrevaccination titre was determined. The single-dose immunization with 20 CU of tetanus toxoid in human subjects not given tetanus antigen previously was accompanied by a gradul rise in the antitoxin titre up to the protective level and its maintenance for 1 year (observation time) until revaccination. Revaccination with 10 CU of toxoid provided in 10--15 days a multiple (100--197fold) increase of the antitoxin titre, many times exceeding the protective level. The usefulness of transition to the shortened immunization scheme for tetanus prophylaxis of the adult population is discussed.
Assuntos
Esquemas de Imunização , Tétano/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Antitoxina Tetânica/análise , Toxoide Tetânico/uso terapêutico , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Imunização , Tétano/prevenção & controle , gama-Globulinas , Animais , Formação de Anticorpos , Humanos , Imunidade Ativa , Imunidade Materno-Adquirida , Camundongos , Testes de Neutralização , Antitoxina Tetânica/análise , Toxoide Tetânico/administração & dosagem , Fatores de Tempo , gama-Globulinas/administração & dosagemAssuntos
Clostridium/isolamento & purificação , Fibroblastos/microbiologia , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Embrião de Galinha , Clostridium/citologia , Meios de Cultura , Testes Imunológicos de Citotoxicidade , Fibroblastos/citologia , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Histocitoquímica , Testes de Neutralização , Fatores de Tempo , Toxinas Biológicas/farmacologiaAssuntos
Imunização , Antitoxina Tetânica , Toxoide Tetânico , Tétano/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Anafilaxia/etiologia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controle , Gravidez , Antitoxina Tetânica/efeitos adversos , Toxoide Tetânico/efeitos adversos , gama-Globulinas/uso terapêuticoAssuntos
Tétano/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Federação RussaAssuntos
Primeiros Socorros , Toxoide Tetânico , Adulto , Idoso , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tétano/prevenção & controle , VacinaçãoRESUMO
Determination of the level of tetanus immunity in different age groups of a population is important in relation to the results of mass immunization of the population with vaccines containing tetanus toxoid.In this study, the level of tetanus antitoxin in sera from 1053 inhabitants of 6 villages in Bosnia and Herzegovina was determined by means of the passive haemagglutination test. The results show that children from 1 to 14 years of age regularly immunized with DT and DTP vaccines possessed a high level of immunity against tetanus (geometric mean antitoxin titre >/=0.8 IU/ml) and were protected against tetanus in 80-95% of cases. The adult inhabitants (men and women over 29 years of age) were not sufficiently protected against tetanus, the concentrations of antitoxin in their sera being equal to or greater than 0.01 IU/ml in less than 50% of cases.