RESUMO
A multi-microscopy investigation of a GaN tunnel junction (TJ) grown on an InGaN-based light emitting diode (LED) has been performed. The TJ consists of a heavily Ge-doped n-type GaN layer grown by ammonia-based molecular-beam epitaxy on a heavily Mg-doped p-type GaN thin layer, grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. A correlation of atom probe tomography, electron holography and secondary ion mass spectrometry has been performed in order to investigate the nm-scale distribution of both Mg and Ge at the TJ. Experimental results reveal that Mg segregates at the TJ interface, and diffuses into the Ge-doped layer. As a result, the dopant concentration and distribution differ significantly from the nominal values. Despite this, electron holography reveals a TJ depletion width of â¼7 nm, in agreement with band diagram simulations using the experimentally determined dopant distribution.
RESUMO
A young woman became pregnant 36 months after a liver transplant following an episode of fulminant hepatitis A. At 38 weeks gestation, she delivered by cesarean section following an isolated and moderate elevation of her transaminase enzymes, indicating rejection of the graft. This was later confirmed by liver biopsy. Following augmentation of steroid therapy her postnatal progress was good. The infant progressed quite well. This case raises the question of the management of pregnant women following liver transplantation, with elevated transaminase levels.
Assuntos
Rejeição de Enxerto/enzimologia , Transplante de Fígado , Complicações na Gravidez/enzimologia , Transaminases/sangue , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Cesárea , Feminino , Rejeição de Enxerto/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Multiple lutein cyst (MLC) and luteoma are two aspects of ovarian hyperplasia induced by high levels of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). Using a case report of MLC, the authors compare it with luteoma (the anatomoclinical and pathogenic data). Luteoma are more frequent with multipara, whereas MLC are more often seen with paucipara. Maternal virilization can occur in both cases but MLC does not seem to be responsible for fetal virilization. The fetus could be protected by the placenta, thanks to increased aromatase activity and sex binding globulin production. MLC and luteoma are usually found by chance. The pathology must be known, because of their spontaneous regression after delivery. So, the attitude will be conservative under the control of biopsies.
Assuntos
Cistos Ovarianos/diagnóstico , Complicações Neoplásicas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Tumor da Célula Tecal/diagnóstico , Adulto , Gonadotropina Coriônica/fisiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Regressão Neoplásica Espontânea , Cistos Ovarianos/etiologia , Cistos Ovarianos/cirurgia , Paridade , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/etiologia , Complicações na Gravidez/cirurgia , Complicações Neoplásicas na Gravidez/etiologia , Complicações Neoplásicas na Gravidez/cirurgia , Tumor da Célula Tecal/etiologia , Tumor da Célula Tecal/cirurgiaAssuntos
Traumatismos do Nascimento , Hemorragia Cerebral/etiologia , Fraturas Cranianas/etiologia , Traumatismos do Nascimento/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Fraturas Cranianas/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
We investigated by culture the presence of mycoplasmal infection in all reproductive abnormalities. 271 charts were studied, comprising problems of sterility with abnormal sperm, cystitis, urethritis, spontaneous abortions, fetal death in utero, premature deliveries and small for gestational age fetuses. Antimycoplasmal therapy lead to recovery in cases where this infection was the only cause, notably in sterility. Is Mycoplasma a risk factor or does it simply represent current infection?
Assuntos
Infertilidade/etiologia , Infecções por Mycoplasma/complicações , Complicações na Gravidez/etiologia , Aborto Habitual/etiologia , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Feminino , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/etiologia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções por Mycoplasma/diagnóstico , Infecções por Mycoplasma/tratamento farmacológico , Complicações do Trabalho de Parto/etiologia , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Gravidez Ectópica/etiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/etiologiaRESUMO
We report on a patient with an isotopic pacemaker who had a subsequent normal pregnancy. This device was implanted because of a surgically-induced atrioventricular block which occurred during an operation for tetralogy of Fallot. The pregnancy and postpartum course were normal and without complications.
Assuntos
Bloqueio Cardíaco/etiologia , Marca-Passo Artificial , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez , Tetralogia de Fallot/cirurgia , Adulto , Feminino , Bloqueio Cardíaco/complicações , Humanos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Gravidez , Cuidado Pré-Natal , PrognósticoRESUMO
Enlarged fluid-filled cysts are a complication encountered with ovarian overstimulation. In order to hasten their resolution, and to avoid the possibility of adnexal torsion, we drained cysts greater than 4 cm in diameter by laparoscopic puncture.
Assuntos
Cistos/terapia , Doenças Ovarianas/terapia , Indução da Ovulação , Gonadotropina Coriônica/efeitos adversos , Cistos/induzido quimicamente , Feminino , Humanos , Doenças Ovarianas/induzido quimicamente , PunçõesRESUMO
Nine years of experience performing cytologic examinations on expressed breast discharge has enabled the identification of precancerous and cancerous conditions of the breast. Three thousand women were monitored. The only abnormal findings were cytologic (clinical and radiological examinations were normal). One case of atypical hyperplasia, 3 cases of cancer in situ, and 2 invasive cancers were identified upon histologic examination. Three women were lost to follow-up and subsequently developed invasive cancer.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Mama/metabolismo , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/patologia , Adulto , Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/diagnósticoRESUMO
The authors describe a very particular histologic pattern of the cervical epithelium. Many types of histologic lesions are involved and are almost always found in association one with another. This particular histologic pattern is characterized principally by well-differentiated epithelium, immature, with early necrosis of the superficial layers, associated with metaplastic endocervicitis. In addition to this particular association, there is a remarkable finding: this histologic pattern was found consistently in fifteen cases selected uniquely from their appearance at colposcopy. Could this be a new anatomic-histologic entity?
Assuntos
Doenças do Colo do Útero/patologia , Acetatos , Epitélio/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Iodo , Necrose , Doenças do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Cervicite Uterina/patologiaRESUMO
We undertook certain measures in twin pregnancies: early screening during the second month of gestation with routine ultrasonography, cerclage of the cervix, cessation of work, with rest, hospitalization at 7 3/4 month's gestation for daily cardiotocographic monitoring, identical indications for cesarean section as for a single fetus. The outcome was clearly improved in 158 pregnancies when compared to an equal number of twin pregnancies from an earlier period.
Assuntos
Doenças em Gêmeos/prevenção & controle , Doenças Fetais/prevenção & controle , Gravidez Múltipla , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Cesárea , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , PrognósticoRESUMO
The authors evaluated the usefulness of prostaglandin F2 alpha in inducing second trimester abortions in two consecutive groups of patients. Progressive and fractionated intracervical instillation of 10 ml of Tylose gel containing 10 mg of Prostine F2 alpha is the least traumatic method of uterine evacuation in the majority of cases (18 out of 24 cases). Advantages of this method consist of the ease with which it can be performed, that it may be repeated on subsequent days, and that there have been no serious complications. In case of failure, the authors recommend using an intraamnionic injection (usually performed only once) of 40 mg of Prostine F2 alpha diluted in 20 ml of normal saline solution. This more involved method requires an experienced physician and ultrasonography, but is very effective (31 cases out of 3). Exceptionally, this can be repeated after a several day interval if the initial injection fails (2 out of 3). These methods avoid recourse to surgery (except in the case of uterine scarring) in the induction of second trimester abortions.
Assuntos
Aborto Induzido , Prostaglandinas F , Dinoprosta , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções/métodos , Gravidez , Segundo Trimestre da Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Prostaglandinas F/administração & dosagem , Prostaglandinas F/efeitos adversosRESUMO
A new family with Wiedeman-Beckwith Syndrome is reported. All the affected subjects are conceived from normal sisters. In two cases, antenatal diagnosis has been established by ultrasound examination which showed an exomphalos. In one case, pathological examination of the abortus product confirmed the diagnosis.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Beckwith-Wiedemann/genética , Ultrassonografia , Síndrome de Beckwith-Wiedemann/diagnóstico , Consanguinidade , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Linhagem , Gravidez , Diagnóstico Pré-NatalRESUMO
The treatment of herpes gestationis has been considerably changed in recent years by progress in electron microscopy and immunology. Herpes gestationis, a rare polymorphic vesiculo-bullous pruriginous dermatosis, occurs during pregnancy or the post-partum period. It evolves by acute periods of several weeks, and relapses during later pregnancies or on taking oestro-progestagens. Histologically, the bulla is situated at the dermo-epidermic junction. The epidermal oedema is both intra and extra-cellular. The ultrastructural studies show the importance of the oedema and the changes in the plasma membrane of the basal cells in the onset of the vesicles and the bullae. The immunological inquiry gives diagnostic certainly when one discovers under indirect immuno-fluorescence, a specific serum factor, the herpes gestationis factor. These ultrastructural and immunological data suggest a relationship between herpes gestationis and bullous pemphigus (Lever's disease). In treatment, the possible pathogenic role of prolactin suggests the use of bromocriptin during the postpartum period. The efficacy and innocuity of vitamin B6 make corticosteroids rarely necessary.
Assuntos
Penfigoide Gestacional/imunologia , Dermatopatias Vesiculobolhosas/imunologia , Adulto , Proteínas do Sistema Complemento/análise , Citodiagnóstico , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/diagnóstico , Doenças Fetais/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica , Penfigoide Gestacional/diagnóstico , Placenta/patologia , Gravidez , Prognóstico , Pele/imunologia , Pele/patologiaRESUMO
The authors have used the cytological investigation of the liquid discharge from the breast to search systematically for cancerous states and, more usually, for borderline conditions in the breast. Using a simple technique it has been possible to obtain some discharge from the breast more or less easily. In 15 per 1000 cases cytological abnormalities have been found, which means that there were 39 pathological discharges in the 2490 women who were examined over five years. 27 of these were benign lesions and 12 of them were suspect. Of these latter three borderline conditions were found and one invasive cancer was found. All four were asymptomatic. It is therefore worth while examining discharges from the breast in screening for borderline conditions in young women.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Mama/metabolismo , Adulto , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Lesões Pré-CancerosasRESUMO
The authors report five cases of fertile women who have Karyotype XO. After a short review of the classification of Turner's syndrome and of the physiopathology of the defective gonads in these patients, 79 cases in the literature and these 5 cases were reviewed and they allow us: a precise description of the morphology of these patients, which is dominated by the high incidence of small growth and the presence of the various degrees of malformations often found in Turner's syndrome; to study the gonad structure and function of these patients who have spontaneous menstruation. And finally to analyse the prognosis of pregnancies that have occurred in 33 women with an XO clone. These women have not only a raised incidence of spontaneous abortions at 32% but also frequent fetal malformations and chromosome abnormalities in the products of conception. It is therefore vital to carry out early amniocentesis in these patients.
Assuntos
Complicações na Gravidez , Síndrome de Turner/genética , Anormalidades Múltiplas , Aborto Espontâneo/etiologia , Feminino , Fertilidade , Genitália Feminina/patologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Cariotipagem , Masculino , Menstruação , Mosaicismo , Gravidez , Cromossomos Sexuais/análiseRESUMO
In a study carried on 25 years and about 50 000 births, the authors analyse 1 238 malformed children, with two purposes: 1. to determine a maternal population with high risk of malformations, in order to have a better survey and to look for many anomalies before the birth: 2. to make a "portrait" of the malformed child in order to suspect the existence of congenital anomalies during the obligatory examination in neo-natal time.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Sistema ABO de Grupos Sanguíneos , Anormalidades Múltiplas/epidemiologia , Adulto , Aberrações Cromossômicas/epidemiologia , Transtornos Cromossômicos , Anormalidades Congênitas/etiologia , Feminino , França , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Idade Materna , Paridade , Gravidez , Gravidez de Alto Risco , RiscoRESUMO
The fraction of complement C3, the total complement activity and the levels of IgG, IgA and IgM immunoglobulins have been estimated in the third trimester of pregnancy in 70 control pregnant women and in 38 hypertensive pregnant women who presented either with "pure toxaemia" or with "superimposed toxaemia". The level of IgG is definitely but not significantly lowered in cases of "pure toxaemia". The other parameters that were studied showed no notable changes in comparison with control pregnant women.
Assuntos
Complemento C3/análise , Proteínas do Sistema Complemento/análise , Imunoglobulinas/análise , Pré-Eclâmpsia/imunologia , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina A/análise , Imunoglobulina G/análise , Imunoglobulina M/análiseRESUMO
We herewith report 400 cases of forceps delivery under local regional block anesthesia of the internal pudental nerves. They were carried out together with routine episiotomy. The indications were the purely classical ones and the results were good. There were very few fetal complications and these were in all instances mild. There were very few maternal complications. So long as some precautious are taken we have in our hands an excellent method for extracting a baby with instruments and it should not have come into disrepute as it has (in comparison with the vacuum extractor).